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The role of subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes and the effects of fatty acids on carrageenan-induced skin inflammation in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were studied. Fish were injected intramuscularly with phosphate-buffered saline (control) or λ-carrageenin (1%), and skin samples collected at the injection site at 3 and 6 h post-injection (p.i.) were processed for histological study. In addition, the presence and levels of lipid classes, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and eicosanoids were evaluated in the skin samples obtained from the injected areas. Histological results indicated an increase in adipocyte area in fish sampled at 3 h p.i. with λ-carrageenin compared to fish in the control group. Furthermore, the frequency of adipocytes between 4500 and 5000 μm

With the increasing demand for remote sensing image applications, extracting the required images from a huge set of remote sensing images has become a hot topic. The previous retrieval methods cannot guarantee the efficiency, accuracy, and interpretability in the retrieval process. Therefore, we propose a bag-of-words association mapping method that can explain the semantic derivation process of remote sensing images. The method constructs associations between low-level features and high-level semantics through visual feature word packets. An improved FP-Growth method is proposed to achieve the construction of strong association rules to semantics. A feedback mechanism is established to improve the accuracy of subsequent retrievals by reducing the semantic probability of incorrect retrieval results. The public datasets AID and NWPU-RESISC45 were used to validate these experiments. The experimental results show that the average accuracies of the two datasets reach 87.5% and 90.8%, which are 22.5% and 20.3% higher than VGG16, and 17.6% and 15.6% higher than ResNet18, respectively. The experimental results were able to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Yongxin Zhan,1,2 Zekun Zhou,1,2 Miao Chen,1,2 Xu Gong1,2 1Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China; 2Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xu Gong, Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xin Min Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13944099151, Email gongxu@jlu.edu.cnPurpose: Peripheral nerve adhesion occurs following injury and surgery. Functional impairment leading by peripheral nerve adhesion remains challenging for surgeons. Local tissue overexpression of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 can reduce the occurrence of adhesion. This study aims to develop a photothermal material polydopamine nanoparticles@Hyaluronic acid methacryloyl hydrogel (PDA NPs@HAMA) and evaluate their efficacy for preventing peripheral nerve adhesion in a rat sciatic nerve adhesion model.Materials and Methods: PDA NPs@HAMA was prepared and characterized. The safety of PDA NPs@HAMA was evaluated. Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: the control group; the hyaluronic acid (HA) group; the polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) group and the PDA NPs@HAMA group (n = 18 per group). Six weeks after surgery, the scar formation was evaluated by adhesion scores and biomechanical and histological examinations. Nerve function was assessed with electrophysiological examination, sensorimotor analysis and gastrocnemius muscle weight measurements.Results: There were significant differences in the score on nerve adhesion between the groups (p < 0.001). Multiple comparisons indicated that the score was significantly lower in the PDA NPs@HAMA group (95% CI: 0.83, 1.42) compared with the control group (95% CI: 1.86, 2.64; p = 0.001). Motor nerve conduction velocity and muscle compound potential of the PDA NPs@HAMA group were higher than the control group’s. According to immunohistochemical analysis, the PDA NPs@HAMA group expressed more HSP72, less α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and had fewer inflammatory reactions than the control group.Conclusion: In this study, a new type of photo-cured material with a photothermic effect was designed and synthesized-PDA NPs@HAMA. The photothermic effect of PDA NPs@HAMA protected the nerve from adhesion to preserve the nerve function in the rat sciatic nerve adhesion model. This effectively prevented adhesion-related damage.Keywords: peripheral nerve adhesion, sciatic nerve, HSP72, PDA, PTT, HA

Zekun Zhou,1,2 Shaoyan Li,1,2 Xu Gong1,2 1Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China; 2Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Tissue Repair, Reconstruction and Regeneration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xu Gong, Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13944099151, Email gongxu@jlu.edu.cnBackground: Adhesion formation after tendon surgery is a major obstacle to repair of tendon ruptures, and there is still no effective clinical anti-adhesion method. Myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) play a crucial role in adhered fibrous tissue. Heat shock protein (Hsp) 72 can selectively prevent the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which mediates the conversion from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate for the first time whether polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs)-based photothermal effect would attenuate adhesion formation in a rat model of Achilles tendon laceration repair.Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the photothermal group, the control group and the PDA NPs group (n = 15 per group). The primary outcome measure was the adhesion scores at two weeks after surgery according to the grading of Tang et al. The secondary outcomes included the expressions of Hsp 72, JNK, phosphorylated JNK and α-SMA, which were measured by immunohistochemistry or Western blot.Results: The average adhesion score was significantly lower in the photothermal group (4.25 ± 0.21) than that in the control group (5.29 ± 0.12) (p = 0.005) and the PDA NPs group (5.29 ± 0.20) (p = 0.005). Relative to the control group and PDA NPs group, Hsp 72 in the photothermal group was significantly increased whereas α-SMA and p-JNK was significantly decreased, but JNK was not found to be different across the three groups.Conclusion: The photothermal effect produced by PDA NPs could reduce tendon adhesion formation in rats by inhibiting myocyte fibrosis, which may have potential in developing endogenous heating for postsurgical tissue adhesions.Keywords: adhesion formation, tendon, polydopamine nanoparticle, photothermal effects

A heterocycle fusing strategy is demonstrated to construct solution-processable red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. The resulting pure-red organic light-emitting diodes deliver a high external quantum efficiency of 6.8%.

Activation of the hepatic stellate cell is implicated in pathological vascularization during development of liver fibrosis. MAPK signaling is involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cell. Oxidative stress and inflammation are also involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Notoginsenoside R1 is an effective saponin isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen and exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic roles in various diseases. However, the role of Notoginsenoside R1 in liver fibrosis has not been investigated yet. First, a rat model with liver fibrosis was established through oral gavage administration with carbon tetrachloride. Data from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome stainings showed that carbon tetrachloride induced severe hepatic damages, including inflammatory cell infiltration, lipid droplets deposition in hepatocytes and liver centrilobular necrosis. Meanwhile, the rats were also intraperitoneal injected with different concentrations of Notoginsenoside R1. Results demonstrated that Notoginsenoside R1 treatment suppressed the pathological changes in the livers with enhanced levels of ALB and TP, and reduced levels of ALP, AST and ALT. Second, Notoginsenoside R1 also significantly attenuated carbon tetrachloride-induced decrease in PPAR-[Formula: see text] and increase in Coll-a1, [Formula: see text]-SMA and TIMP1 in liver tissues ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 0.001). Third, the decrease in GSH, SOD and GST and increase in MDA, IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text] induced by carbon tetrachloride were markedly restored by Notoginsenoside R1 ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text] 0.001). Lastly, Notoginsenoside R1 counteracted with the promotive effects of carbon tetrachloride on levels of proteins involved in MAPK signaling, including phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), p-ERK, p-JNK and p-p38. In conclusion, Notoginsenoside R1 suppressed the activation of hepatic stellate cells and exerted anti- oxidant and anti-inflammatory to attenuate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis through inactivation of NF-[Formula: see text]B and MAPK signaling.