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64. Global dynamic spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza since 2009 influenza pandemic

Author

Xu, Zhi Wei, Li, Zhong Jie, Hu, Wen Biao, Xu, Zhi Wei, Li, Zhong Jie, and Hu, Wen Biao

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Understanding the global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza is essential for influenza control and prevention. Available data on the updated global spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza are scarce. This study aimed to assess the spatiotemporal pattern of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic. METHODS: Weekly influenza surveillance data in 86 countries from 2010 to 2017 were obtained from FluNet. First, the proportion of influenza A in total influenza viruses (PA) was calculated. Second, weekly numbers of influenza positive virus (A and B) were divided by the total number of samples processed to get weekly positive rates of influenza A (RWA) and influenza B (RWB). Third, the average positive rates of influenza A (RA) and influenza B (RB) for each country were calculated by averaging RWA, and RWB of 52 weeks. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine if the year-to-year change in PA in all countries were significant, and a universal kriging method with linear semivariogram model was used to extrapolate RA and RB in all countries. RESULTS: PA ranged from 0.43 in Zambia to 0.98 in Belarus, and PA in countries with higher income was greater than those countries with lower income. The spatial patterns of high RB were the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific region and South America. RWA peaked in early weeks in temperate countries, and the peak of RWB occurred a bit later. There were some temperate countries with non-distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Mauritius and Maldives) and some tropical/subtropical countries with distinct influenza seasonality (e.g., Chile and South Africa). CONCLUSIONS: Influenza seasonality is not predictable in some temperate countries, and it is distinct in Chile, Argentina and South Africa, implying that the optimal timing for influenza vaccination needs to be chosen with caution in these unpredictable countries.

Published
2020

73. Epidemiological features and viral shedding in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Author

Hua, Chun‐Zhen, primary, Miao, Zi‐Ping, additional, Zheng, Ji‐Shan, additional, Huang, Qian, additional, Sun, Qing‐Feng, additional, Lu, Hong‐Ping, additional, Su, Fei‐Fei, additional, Wang, Wei‐Hong, additional, Huang, Lie‐Ping, additional, Chen, Da‐Qing, additional, Xu, Zhi‐Wei, additional, Ji, Le‐Dan, additional, Zhang, Hong‐Ping, additional, Yang, Xiao‐Wei, additional, Li, Ming‐Hui, additional, Mao, Yue‐Yan, additional, Ying, Man‐Zhen, additional, Ye, Sheng, additional, Shu, Qiang, additional, Chen, En‐Fu, additional, Liang, Jian‐Feng, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Chen, Zhi‐Min, additional, Li, Wei, additional, and Fu, Jun‐Fen, additional

Published
2020
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74. Associations of FKBP4 and FKBP5 gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility, glucocorticoid efficacy, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Author

Lou, Qiu-Yue, primary, Li, Zhen, additional, Teng, Ying, additional, Xie, Qiao-Mei, additional, Zhang, Man, additional, Huang, Shun-Wei, additional, Li, Wen-Fei, additional, Chen, Yang-Fan, additional, Pan, Fa-Ming, additional, Xu, Sheng-Qian, additional, Cai, Jing, additional, Liu, Shuang, additional, Tao, Jin-Hui, additional, Liu, Sheng-Xiu, additional, Huang, Hai-Liang, additional, Wang, Fang, additional, Pan, Hai-Feng, additional, Su, Hong, additional, Xu, Zhi-Wei, additional, Hu, Wen-Biao, additional, and Zou, Yan-Feng, additional

Published
2020
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76. What We Should Know About SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

Author

Hua, Chun Zhen, primary, Miao, Zi-Ping, additional, Zheng, Ji-Shan, additional, Huang, Qian, additional, Sun, Qing-Feng, additional, Lu, Hong-Ping, additional, Su, Fei-Fei, additional, Wang, Wei-Hong, additional, Huang, Lie-Ping, additional, Xu, Zhi-Wei, additional, Ji, Le-Dan, additional, Zhang, Hong-Ping, additional, Yang, Xiao-Wei, additional, Li, Ming-Hui, additional, Mao, Yue-Yan, additional, Ying, Man-Zhen, additional, Ye, Sheng, additional, Shu, Qiang, additional, Chen, En-Fu, additional, Liang, Jian-Feng, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Chen, Zhi-Min, additional, and Fu, Junfen, additional

Published
2020
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84. Crotalaria ferruginea extract attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Author

Pan, Wei, Meng, Li-Ping, Su, Jie, Yang, Zheng-Biao, Du, Wei-Feng, Xu, Zhi-Wei, Chen, Yun-Xiang, Zhang, Sheng, Xie, Feng, Xu, Cong, Yang, Hong-Zhong, and Ge, Wei-Hong

Subjects
CELLULAR signal transduction, C-Jun N-terminal kinases, MITOGEN-activated protein kinases, NITRIC oxide, LUNG injuries, SURVIVAL rate
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Crotalaria ferruginea extract (CFE) and its mechanism. Methods: An intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vivo. The LPS-induced shock model was used to analyze the effect of CFE on survival. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell model was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of CFE in vitro and the effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Results: CFE administration decreased the number of inflammatory cells, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ, and diminished protein content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice. CFE also reduced lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase, and lung tissue pathological injury. CFE pre-administration improved the survival rate of mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. CFE reduced LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells to produce nitric oxide, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. Furthermore, CFE inhibited nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB P65, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and P38 MAPKs. Conclusions: CFE exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced ALI mice, LPS-shock mice, and RAW264.7 cells, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Crotalaria ferruginea may be a useful therapeutic drug for the treatment of ALI and other respiratory inflammations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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85. Transcriptomics-based Exploration of the Mechanism of Kaempferol in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

Author

Pu, Zhang-lin, Zhang, Chi, Yan, Qian, Liang, Zhou, Xu, Zhi-Wei, Wei, Ji-hu, Liu, Hua, and Chen, Feng

Abstract

Objective:We explore the pharmacodynamic targets of kaempferol in treating osteoporosis using transcriptomics and animal experiment. Methods:Firstly, we constructed an ovariectomized rat model (OVX). The anti-osteoporosis effect of kaempferol was evaluated by bone mineral density (BMD) and hematoxylin-eosin staining comprehensively. Moreover, differential genes between groups were screened by RNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq) for transcriptomics and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, partial results of transcriptomics were verified to detect the expression of the relevant gene expression by immunohistochemistry. Results:The pharmacodynamic findings indicated that the administration of kaempferol resulted in an elevation in BMD (P< .01) and a notable enhancement in tibia microstructural indices in the experimental rats (P< .01). The transcriptomic analysis revealed that NTN1, LTBP4, GSN, and EBF1 were identified as the principal targets for therapeutic intervention in osteoporosis. The results of animal experiments showed that kaempferol promoted osteogenesis and inhibited bone resorption by downregulating the protein expression of NTN1, LTBP4, GSN, and EBF1 (P< .01). Conclusion:Kaempferol enhances BMD levels, retards tibial bone loss with structural deterioration in OVX model rats, and promotes bone formation while curbing bone resorption through NTN1, LTBP4, GSN, and EBF1 protein down-regulation.

Published
2024
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95. Pd‐Catalyzed Transfer of Difluorocarbene for Three Component Cross‐Coupling†.

Author

Xu, Zhi‐Wei, Zhang, Wei, Lin, Jin‐Hong, Jin, Chuan‐Ming, and Xiao, Ji‐Chang

Subjects
*PALLADIUM, *CARBON, *FLUORINE, *CATALYSIS
Abstract

Summary of main observation and conclusion: Outstanding accomplishments have been achieved in the chemistry of difluorocarbene, but transition‐ metal‐catalyzed transfer of difluorocarbene for coupling remains a challenging task. Herein, we describe a Pd‐catalyzed coupling of difluorocarbene with two aryl carbon centers to give difluoromethylenation products, which cannot be obtained by any previous difluorocarbene‐transformation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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96. Pd‐Catalyzed Transfer of Difluorocarbene for Three Component Cross‐Coupling†.

Author

Xu, Zhi‐Wei, Zhang, Wei, Lin, Jin‐Hong, Jin, Chuan‐Ming, and Xiao, Ji‐Chang

Subjects
PALLADIUM, CARBON, FLUORINE, CATALYSIS
Abstract

Summary of main observation and conclusion: Outstanding accomplishments have been achieved in the chemistry of difluorocarbene, but transition‐ metal‐catalyzed transfer of difluorocarbene for coupling remains a challenging task. Herein, we describe a Pd‐catalyzed coupling of difluorocarbene with two aryl carbon centers to give difluoromethylenation products, which cannot be obtained by any previous difluorocarbene‐transformation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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97. Impact of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on apoptosis in Mycoplasma-infected splenic lymphocytes

Author

Huang, Bo, Zheng, Wei-kun, Xu, Zhi-wei, and Chen, Yi-ping

Subjects
Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Splenic lymphocytes, ROS, Caspase-3, Bax, Nrf2
Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on apoptosis in Mycoplasma-infected splenic lymphocytes (SLs), and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: SLs isolated from C57BL/6J mice were infected with Mycoplasma. The infected SLs were administered at different concentrations of LBP for 4 h, and the proportions of apoptotic cells and levels of relative reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry. The expressions of proapoptotic genes and endogenous antioxidant enzymes were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting.Results: LBP treatment produced dose-dependent reductions in apoptotic ratio and intracellular ROS levels of SLs (p < 0.05). In addition, the expressions of pro-apoptotic genes were decreased by LBP treatment with respect to mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). In contrast, mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot results demonstrated that the expression levels of mRNA and proteins in Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were up-regulated by Mycoplasma infection (p < 0.01), and further increased by LBP treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusion: LBP exerts a hyperactive antioxidant response encoded by Nrf2 to protect SLs from apoptosis induced by ROS-related oxidative damage after Mycoplasma infection. These results suggest that LBP may serve as a beneficial and dietary anti-Mycoplasma and anti-apoptotic agent.Keywords: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, Splenic lymphocytes, ROS, Caspase-3, Bax, Nrf2

Published
2017

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