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Electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in clean energy conversion and storage systems. Nickel‐based catalysts are regarded as highly promising electrocatalysts for the UOR. However, their effectiveness is significantly hindered by the unavoidable self‐oxidation reaction of nickel species during UOR. To address this challenge, we proposed an interface chemistry modulation strategy to boost UOR kinetics by creating a high‐energy interfacial heterostructure. This heterostructure incorporates Ag at the CoOOH@NiOOH heterojunction interface, where strong interactions significantly promote the electron exchanges at the heterojunction interface between ‐OH and ‐O groups. Consequently, the improved electron delocalization leads to the formation of stronger bonds between Co sites and urea CO(NH2)2, promoting a preference for urea to occupy Co active sites over OH*. The resulting catalyst, Ag−CoOOH@NiOOH, demonstrates ultrahigh UOR activity with a low potential of 1.33 V at 100 mA cm−2. The fabricated catalyst exhibits a mass activity over 11.9 times greater than the initial cobalt oxyhydroxide. The rechargeable urea‐assisted zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) achieve a record‐breaking energy efficiency of 74.56 % at 1 mA cm−2, remarkable durability (1000 hours at a current density of 50 mA cm−2), and quick charge performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung enteric-type adenocarcinoma (ETAC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comprising approximately 0.6% of all primary lung adenocarcinomas. It is characterized by a tendency for early metastasis and a prognosis comparable to that of common lung adenocarcinoma. This case report described a patient with lung-ETAC who developed gastric metastasis. The patient underwent treatment with chemotherapy and a PD-1 inhibitor, resulting in disease remission with a progression-free survival (PFS) of 8 months. The follow-up time was 13 months. This case report was aimed to enhance understanding of the biological behavior of this rare tumor and provide insights into potential future treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are widely used for colorectal cancer screening, but data to guide test selection are limited. This cross-sectional study, conducted at 3 U.S. academic medical centers, compared the performance characteristics of 5 commonly used FITs, using colonoscopy as the reference standard. Visual Abstract. Comparative Performance of Common Fecal Immunochemical Tests: Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are widely used for colorectal cancer screening, but data to guide test selection are limited. This cross-sectional study, conducted at 3 U.S. academic medical centers, compared the performance characteristics of 5 commonly used FITs, using colonoscopy as the reference standard. Background: Despite widespread use of fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, data to guide test selection are limited. Objective: To compare the performance characteristics of 5 commonly used FITs, using colonoscopy as the reference standard. Design: Cross-sectional study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03264898) Setting: Three U.S. academic medical centers and affiliated endoscopy units. Participants: Patients aged 50 to 85 years undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Intervention: Participants completed 5 different FITs before their colonoscopy, including 4 qualitative tests (Hemoccult ICT, Hemosure iFOB, OC-Light S FIT, QuickVue iFOB) and 1 quantitative test (OC-Auto FIT, which was run at the manufacturer's threshold for positivity of >100 ng/mL). Measurements: The primary outcome was test performance (sensitivity and specificity) for each of the 5 FITs for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN), defined as advanced polyps or CRC. Positivity rates, positive and negative predictive values, and rates of unevaluable tests were compared. Multivariable models were used to identify factors affecting sensitivity. Results: A total of 3761 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 62.1 years (SD, 7.8); 63.2% of participants were female, 5.7% were Black, 86.4% were White, and 28.7% were Hispanic. There were 320 participants with ACN (8.5%), including 9 with CRC (0.2%). The test positivity rate varied 4-fold (3.9% to 16.4%) across FITs. Rates of unevaluable FITs ranged from 0.2% to 2.5%. The sensitivity for ACN varied from 10.1% to 36.7%, and specificity varied from 85.5% to 96.6%. Differences in sensitivity between FITs were all statistically significantly different except between Hemosure iFOB and QuickVue iFOB, and specificity differences were all statistically significantly different from one another. In addition to FIT brand, distal location of ACN was also associated with higher FIT sensitivity. Limitation: The study did not assess the programmatic sensitivity of annual FIT. Conclusion: Although considered a single class, FITs have varying test performance for detecting ACN and should not be considered interchangeable. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are currently the most used strategy for population-based CRC screening in Europe and some Asian countries. Positive FIT results should be followed by colonoscopy. Objective: To identify the factors associated with false positive FIT results. Study Design and Analysis: Each participant completed five different FITs from a single stool sample prior to their colonoscopy. Colonoscopy and associated pathology reports were reviewed. Based on the pathology results, we dichotomized patients as having advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) or not. ACN was defined as adenomatous [greater than or equal to] 10mm or sessile serrated polyps [greater than or equal to] 10mm; any polyps with villous or tubulovillous pathology, or traditional serrated adenomas; any lesion with high grade dysplasia, or any stage of adenocarcinoma. FITs were false positive if no ACN was found on pathology reports. We used PROC GLIMMIX models in SAS to assess variables associated with false positive FIT results. Setting: Three academic medical centers in Iowa, North Carolina, and Texas. Population Studied: Participants ages 50- 85 years undergoing a screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Participants who did not meet the definition for ACN were included in the current analysis. Instruments: Participant self-reported health questionnaire and colonoscopy/pathology review form. Results: Of the 3,759 participants, 3,440 did not have ACN and were included in this analysis. The mean age was 62.1 ([+ or -] 7.8) years; 64% were women, 86% White, and 29% Hispanic. The multivariable model showed the odds ratio of having a false positive FIT result vs. a true negative FIT result was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01-1.03) for every year increase in age, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.03-1.06) for every one unit increase in BMI, 1.82 (95% CI, 1.29-2.56) for current smoker vs. never smoker, 1.33 (95% CI, 1.10-1.60) for regular aspirin use, and 2.12 (95% CI, 1.45- 3.10) for blood thinner use, after controlling for the five FITs and other variables in the model. Conclusion: Several risk factors were associated with an increased odds for false positive FIT results. These findings were similar to other studies. Clinicians should be aware of these factors which may lead to false positive FITs in FIT-based colorectal cancer screening programs. Funding: NIH Grant R01CA215034, Presenters Yinghui Xu, MS, Jeanette Daly, PhD, Kim Parang, MA, Barcey Levy, MD, [...]

Context: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide; it is largely preventable with appropriate screening. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) followed by colonoscopy, if positive, is a cost-effective option for CRC screening. There are limited data on the performance of various FITs for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN). Objective: To compare the performance of five commonly used FITs for detecting ACN, using colonoscopy as the gold standard. Methods: Patients aged 50-85 years undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were recruited from three academic medical centers in the United States. Each patient completed five FITs on a single stool sample prior to colonoscopy. FITs were analyzed according to manufacturer instructions and the subsequent colonoscopy and pathology reports were abstracted. ACN was defined as any advanced pre-cancerous lesion (adenomatous or sessile serrated polyps 10 mm or greater); villous, tubulovillous, or traditional serrated adenoma of any size, any lesion with high-grade dysplasia, or any stage adenocarcinoma. Based on histology, we calculated the test characteristics for each FIT for ACN. We used PROC GLIMMIX models in SAS to compare sensitivity and specificity across the different brands, accounting for within-patient correlation. Results: For the 3759 participants enrolled, the mean (SD) age was 62 (7.8) years, 63% were women, 86% white, and 29% Hispanic. Based on colonoscopy, 319 patients (8.5%) had ACN, including 9 participants (0.2%) with CRC and 310 (8.2%) with advanced adenomas. The positivity rates for each test were 4%, 13%, 16%, 11%, and 6%. The sensitivity for detecting ACN was 10%, 27%, 37%, 30%, and 19%; and the corresponding specificities were 97%, 89%, 85%, 91%, and 96%. Positive predictive values were 21%, 18%, 20%, 23%, and 29%; and the corresponding negative predictive values were 92%, 93%, 93%, 93%, and 93%. We found statistically significant differences in sensitivity (p, Presenters Barcey Levy, MD, PhD, Jeanette Daly, PhD, Yinghui Xu, MS, Kim Parang, MA, Navkiran Shokar, MD, MPH, MA, Jeffrey Dawson, PhD, Jennifer Molokwu, MD, FAAFP, MPH, Daniel Reuland, Marc [...]

Context: With colonoscopy being regarded as the gold standard and the most common method for colorectal screening, it is important for patients to have an adequate bowel preparation. Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) can affect up to 25% of screening colonoscopies depending on the program. IBP is associated with missed neoplasia/diagnosis, prolonged procedure times, lower cecum intubation rates, and need for repeat procedures, and thus this is a key aspect of colonoscopy quality. Objectives: to determine: 1) if abnormal clock drawing (as a proxy for cognitive impairment) was associated with IBP and 2) the association of participant characteristics with IBP. Study Design and Analysis: Cross-sectional study analyzed with multivariable generalized linear mixed models. Setting/Dataset: Three academic centers in Iowa, North Carolina, and Texas. Population Studied: 50-85 year-olds scheduled for a screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Instruments: Colonoscopy/pathology review form and Mendes-Santos et al. (2015) clock scoring method. Outcome Measures: Bowel preparation was dichotomized as adequate (excellent, good, or adequate) or inadequate (fair, poor, or inadequate). Results: A total of 2011 participants completed the clock drawing test and colonoscopy. Mean age was 62.8 years; 1269 (63%) were female, 1683 (84%) White, and 381 (19%) Hispanic. One hundred and nineteen (6%) had IBP and 421 (21%) had abnormal clock drawing scored using Mendes-Santos, et al. In the multivariable model, the odds ratio of having an IBP vs. adequate was 2.73 (95% CI, 1.75-4.28) for household family income of less than $40,000 compared to income greater than $80,000, and was 1.52 (95% CI, 0.99-2.35) for abnormal clock drawing compared to normal clock drawing, after controlling for age. Conclusions: Lower household income was associated with inadequate bowel preparation, a finding similar to other studies. Participants with abnormal clock drawing were not significantly more likely to have inadequate bowel preparation. Funding: NIH Grant R01CA215034, Presenters Jeanette Daly, PhD, Yinghui Xu, MS, Barcey Levy, MD, [...]

Data security compliance management is the fundamental premise that data application does not infringe on the interests of countries, enterprises and individuals. It is an important foundation for realizing the driving role of data elements. Based on the data security compliance management practices of typical enterprises at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the excellent practices of leading demonstration enterprises, and proposes six key strategies for enterprise data security compliance, including classification of typical data application scenarios, analysis of key links of data security compliance application, formulation of data security compliance application management system and standards, optimization of data security compliance application process mechanism, formulation of whole-process management measures of data security compliance, and improvement of data security compliance guarantee mechanism, as to provide references for the research and construction of enterprise data security compliance management system.

The purpose of this project was to assess changes over 20 years, between family physicians perceived magnitude of elder mistreatment, physician knowledge of state laws, barriers to reporting suspected cases, and what is done in practice. Questionnaires were mailed to 1,080 physician members of the Iowa Academy of Family Physicians. Thirty-six percent of physicians returned the questionnaire. These respondents had a mean age of 51 years, were licensed for 19 years, and 51% were male. Twenty-nine percent of physicians ask their patients direct questions about elder abuse in 2022 compared to 14% in 2002. Identifying an elder abuse case was associated with asking direct questions about abuse and the belief that prompt action would be taken. Knowledge of elder abuse legislation was associated with reporting of all abuse cases, along with thinking there were clear definitions of abuse and that reporting benefits patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]