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Abstract Purpose Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is a standard treatment choice for locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by CCRT is superior to CCRT alone to treat locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods and materials Patients (n = 142) were randomized to receive two cycles of paclitaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) IC followed by CCRT or CCRT alone. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). The secondary end points included the larynx-preservation rate, progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and toxicities. Results Ultimately, 113 of the 142 patients were analyzed. With a median follow-up of 45.6 months (interquartile range 26.8–57.8 months), the 3-year OS was 53.1% in the IC + CCRT group compared with 54.8% in the CCRT group (hazard ratio, 1.004; 95% confidence interval, 0.573–1.761; P = 0.988). There were no statistically significant differences in PFS, DMFS, and the larynx-preservation rate between the two groups. The incidence of grade 3–4 hematological toxicity was much higher in the IC+ CCRT group than in the CCRT group (54.7% vs. 10%, P

A contact is the key structure of RF MEMS (Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical System) switches, which has a direct impact on the switch’s electrical and mechanical properties. In this paper, the implementation of highly reliable contacts for direct-contact RF MEMS switches is provided. As a soft metal material, gold has the advantages of low contact resistance, high chemical stability, and mature process preparation, so it is chosen as the metal material for the beam structure as well as the contacts of the switch. However, a Pt film is used in the bottom contact area to enhance the reliability of the contact. Three kinds of contacts with various shapes are fabricated using different processes. Particularly, a circular-shaped contact is obtained by dry/wet combined processes. The detailed fabrication process of the contacts as well as the Pt film on the bottom contact area are given. The experimental test shows that the contact shape has little effect on the RF performance of the switches. However, the circular contact shows better reliability than other contacts and can work well even after 1.2 × 109 cycles.

Abstract Background Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) surgery has been performed as a minimally invasive lateral lumbar fusion technique in recent years. Reports of operative complications of OLIF are limited, and there are fewer reports of ureteral injuries. Case presentation A 62-year-old Chinese woman diagnosed with "lumbar spondylolisthesis (L4 forward slip, I degree)" underwent OLIF treatment. The surgical decompression process was smooth, and the cage was successfully placed. After the expansion sleeve of OLIF was removed, clear liquid continuous outflow from the peritoneum was found. The patient was diagnosed with a ureteral injury. The urological surgeon expanded the original incision, and left ureteral injury anastomosis and ureteral stent implantation were performed. The patient was changed to the prone position and a percutaneous pedicle screw was placed in the corresponding vertebral body. The patient was indwelled with a catheter for 2 weeks, and regular oral administration of levofloxacin to prevent urinary tract infection. After 2 months, the double J tube was removed using a cystoscope. One year after surgery, the symptoms of lumbar back were significantly improved, and there were no urinary system symptoms. However, the patient needed an annual left ureter and kidney B-ultrasound. Conclusion Ureteral injury is a rare complication and is easily missed in OLIF surgery. If the diagnosis is missed, the consequences can be serious. Patients should undergo catheterization before the operation and hematuria should be observed during the operation. We emphasize the careful use of surgical instruments to prevent intraoperative complications. In addition, after withdrawing the leaf in the operation, it is necessary to carefully observe whether a clear liquid continues to leak. If ureteral injury is found, one-stage ureteral injury repair operation should be performed to prevent ureteral stricture.

Abstract Background Optimal climatic conditions for dengue vector mosquito species may play a significant role in dengue transmission. We previously developed a species-specific Suitable Conditions Index (SCI) for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, respectively. These SCIs rank geographic locations based on their climatic suitability for each of these two dengue vector species and theoretically define parameters for transmission probability. The aim of the study presented here was to use these SCIs together with socio-environmental factors to predict dengue outbreaks in the real world. Methods A negative binomial regression model was used to assess the relationship between vector species-specific SCI and autochthonous dengue cases after accounting for potential confounders in Guangdong, China. The potential interactive effect between the SCI for Ae. albopictus and the SCI for Ae. aegypti on dengue transmission was assessed. Results The SCI for Ae. aegypti was found to be positively associated with autochthonous dengue transmission (incidence rate ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.09). A significant interaction effect between the SCI of Ae. albopictus and the SCI of Ae. aegypti was found, with the SCI of Ae. albopictus significantly reducing the effect of the SCI of Ae. aegypti on autochthonous dengue cases. The difference in SCIs had a positive effect on autochthonous dengue cases. Conclusions Our results suggest that dengue fever is more transmittable in regions with warmer weather conditions (high SCI for Ae. aegypti). The SCI of Ae. aegypti would be a useful index to predict dengue transmission in Guangdong, China, even in dengue epidemic regions with Ae. albopictus present. The results also support the benefit of the SCI for evaluating dengue outbreak risk in terms of vector sympatry and interactions in the absence of entomology data in future research. Graphical Abstract

Invasion or aggregation of marine organisms in cooling water intake systems (CWIS) has gradually become an important problem affecting the safety of nuclear power plants with environmental and climate changes. In this study, a 3-dimensional numerical model (TELEMAC-3D) was used to determine the impingement probability in a typical nuclear power plant with a once-through cooling system, and the effect on CWIS safety. The factors controlling impingement probability were also analyzed. Results show that (1) impingement probability decreased rapidly with an increase in distance from the CWIS. In addition, the distance of the impingement effect of a nuclear power plant with six units was mainly within 1 km of the CWIS. (2) Impingement probability increased with water withdrawal, and as distance to the CWIS increased, the increase in probability increased. (3) Generally, an increase in tide strength led to a decrease impingement probability. (4) Near the CWIS, the impingement probabilities of areas upstream or downstream of the CWIS along the tidal flow direction were much higher than those not in those areas. (5) An increase in water depth significantly reduced impingement probability. When the water depth of the CWIS increased from 5 m to 15 m, impingement probability was reduced up to 30%. Based on the above findings, the following suggestions were made to minimize the impingement effects on CWIS safety: first, the CWIS of coastal nuclear power plants should be set in an area with low aquatic biomass, strong tides, deep water, and few surface species within the range of 1 km, and second, the amount of cooling water withdrawal or velocity should be reduced as much as possible.

Abstract Objective To explore the effect of Ludangshen oral liquid for treatment of convalescent patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter method. Methods 200 convalescent COVID-19 patients who had symptoms related to decreased digestive and respiratory function were randomly divided to either receive Ludangshen oral liquid or placebo for 2 weeks. The severity of clinical symptoms including fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, loose stools, and shortness of breath were assessed by visual analogue scale and observed at before and after treatment. The improvement and resolution rates of clinical symptoms were evaluated. Full analysis set (FAS) and per-protocol set (PPS) were used for statistical analyses. Adverse events were recorded during the study. Results 8 patients did not complete the study. After 2 weeks of treatment, both FAS and PPS results showed that patients in Ludangshen group had significantly lower score of fatigue, anorexia, loose stools, and shortness of breath than placebo group (P 0.05). The improvement rate of fatigue, anorexia, distension, loose stools and shortness of breath were significantly higher in Ludangshen group (P 0.05). There were two cases of adverse events, with one nose bleeding in Ludangshen group and one headache in placebo group. Conclusion The study suggested that two weeks of Ludangshen oral liquid treatment may have certain effects for convalescent COVID-19 patients on improving digestive and respiratory symptoms including fatigue, anorexia, loose stools and shortness of breath, which may be one of the choices for management of convalescent COVID-19 patients with digestive and respiratory symptoms.

High-resolution flame temperature images are essential indicators for evaluating combustion conditions. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is an effective combustion diagnostic method. In actual engineering, due to the limitation of line-of-sight (LOS) measurement, TDLAS technology has the problems of small data volume and low dimensionality in measuring combustion fields, which seriously limits the development of TDLAS in combustion diagnosis. This article demonstrates a TDLAS imaging method based on a 64-pixel area array sensor to reconstruct the two-dimensional temperature field of the flame. This paper verifies the robustness of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) algorithm through numerical simulation and studies the effects of temperature, concentration, and pressure on the second harmonic intensity based on the HITRAN database. The two-dimensional temperature field of the flame was reconstructed, and reconstruction accuracy was verified using thermocouples. The maximum relative error was 3.71%. The TDLAS detection system based on a 64-pixel area array sensor provides a way to develop high-precision, high-complexity flame temperature measurement technology.

Amidst the escalating issue of drug abuse, an urgent need for effective illicit drug detection methods has arisen. This paper introduces a novel optical approach utilizing the Goos–Hänchen Shift (GHS) to explore the possibility of on-site rapid detection of illicit drugs. Delving into the mechanisms, light absorption and attenuation in biological samples are considered through absorption and attenuation coefficients, establishing connections between complex refractive indices, complex dielectric constants, and GHS. A self-assembled GHS detection system measured GHS values across various samples: ultrapure water, serum, methamphetamine, serum–methamphetamine, heroin, and serum–heroin. These experiments unveiled substantial GHS variations among the samples. Refractive indices for serum, serum–methamphetamine, and serum–heroin samples were computed using GHS values and sample extinction coefficients, highlighting GHS’s remarkable sensitivity to refractive index variations as a high-sensitivity refractive index sensing technology. The correlation between the dielectric constant and GHS was explored, yielding refractive indices for pure solutes—serum, methamphetamine, and heroin—of 1.66300, 1.51300, and 1.62300, respectively. Notably, the dielectric constants for these solutes were 2.76557, 2.28917, and 2.63413, emphasizing the dielectric constant’s discriminative potential in identifying illicit drugs. In conclusion, these findings suggest that GHS holds promise for distinguishing various illicit drug types, charting an innovative path for illicit drug detection.

Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), as insecticides or acaricides, are widely used in agricultural products to ensure agricultural production. However, widespread use of OPs leads to environmental contamination and significant negative consequences on biodiversity, food security, and water resources. Therefore, developing a sensitive and rapid method to determine OPs residues in different matrices is necessary. Originally, the enzyme inhibition methods are often used as preliminary screens of OPs in crops. Many studies on the characteristic of Au nanomaterials have constantly been emerging in the past decade. Combined with anisotropic Au nanomaterials, enzyme inhibition methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, durability, and high stability. Aim of Review: This review aims to summarize the principles and strategies of gold (Au) nanomaterials in enzyme inhibition methods, including colorimetric (dispersion, particle size of Au nanomaterials) and fluorometric (fluorescence energy transfer, internal filtration effect) detection, and electrochemical sensing system (shape of Au nanomaterials, Au nanomaterials combined with other nanomaterials). The application of enzyme inhibition in agricultural products and research progress was also outlined. Next, this review illustrates the advantages of Au nanomaterial-based enzyme inhibition methods compared with conventional enzyme inhibition methods. The detection limits and linear range of colorimetric and fluorometric detection and electrochemical biosensors have also been provided. At last, key perspectives, trends, gaps, and future research directions are proposed. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: Herein, we introduced the technology of enzyme inhibition method based on Au nanomaterials for onsite and infield rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide.

Abstract Background The GNAS gene on chromosome 20q13.3, encodes the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein, which is expressed in most tissues and regulated through reciprocal genomic imprinting. Disorders of GNAS inactivation produce several different clinical phenotypes including pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), and osteoma cutis (OC). The clinical and biochemical characteristics overlap of PHP subtypes and other related disorders presents challenges for differential diagnosis. Methods We enrolled a total of 11 Chinese children with PHP in our study and analyzed their clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and genetic mutations. Results Among these 11 patients, nine of them (9/11) presented with resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH); and nine (9/11) presented with an Albright′s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) phenotype. GNAS abnormalities were detected in all 11 patients, including nine cases with GNAS gene variations and two cases with GNAS methylation defects. These GNAS variations included an intronic mutation (c.212 + 3_212 + 6delAAGT), three missense mutations (c.314C > T, c.308 T > C, c.1123G > T), two deletion mutations (c.565_568delGACT*2, c.74delA), and two splicing mutations (c.721 + 1G > A, c.432 + 1G > A). Three of these mutations, namely, c.314C > T, c.1123G > T, and c.721 + 1G > A, were found to be novel. This data was then used to assign a GNAS subtype to each of these patients with six cases diagnosed as PHP1a, two cases as PHP1b, one as PPHP, and two as POH. Conclusions Evaluating patients with PTH resistance and AHO phenotype improved the genetic diagnosis of GNAS mutations significantly. In addition, our results suggest that when GNAS gene sequencing is negative, GNAS methylation study should be performed. Early genetic detection is required for the differential diagnosis of GNAS disorders and is critical to the clinician’s ability to distinguish between heterotopic ossification in the POH and AHO phenotype.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 839 patients with non-metastatic NPC recruited from two independent institutions. The training-set cohort and the external validation-set cohort was comprised of 459 and 380 patients from each institution, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of SII was determined, and a prognostic risk stratification model was developed based on the training cohort and further assessed in the validation cohort. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to minimize the confounding effects of unbalanced covariables. Results: The optimal cut-off value of the SII in the training cohort was 686, which was confirmed using the validation cohort. Multivariate analysis showed that both before and after PSM, SII values > 686 were independently associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) ratio in both cohorts (before PSM, P = 0.008 and P = 0.008; after PSM, P = 0.008 and P = 0.007, respectively). Based on the analysis of independent prognostic factors of SII and N stage, we developed a categorical risk stratification model, which achieved significant discrimination among risk indexes associated with PFS and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in the training cohort. There was no significant difference in PFS between RT alone and combined therapies within the low- and intermediate-risk groups (5-year PFS, 77.5% vs. 75.3%, P = 0.275). Patients in the high-risk group who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy experienced superior PFS compared with those who received other therapies (5-year PFS, 64.9% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Pretreatment SII predicts PFS of patients with non-metastatic NPC. Prognostic risk stratification incorporating SII is instructive for selecting individualized treatment.

Abstract Background To investigate the clinical characteristics of metachronous second primary malignancies (Met‐SPMs) and its impact on prognosis in hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC). Methods We reviewed 593 newly diagnosed HPC patients without invasive synchronous SPMs (Syn‐SPMs) who were treated in our cancer center between 2009 and 2019. According to the status during follow‐up, patients were classified into three groups: (a) without SPMs (No‐SPMs, n = 440), (b) with tumors in situ in the esophagus or stomach (Tis, n = 80), or (c) with Met‐SPMs (n = 73). Results The median follow‐up time for entire cohort (n = 593) was 66.7 months. Met‐SPMs were present in 12.3% of the cohort (73/593). The predominant site of SPMs was esophagus, followed by lung, oral cavity, thyroid, stomach, and oropharynx. In Met‐SPMs group, both index tumor and SPMs were the main causes of death. Tis group exhibited comparable 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) with that of No‐SPMs group. The Met‐SPMs group had similar 5‐year OS rate and better 5‐year DSS rate of 47.3% versus 43.6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.931; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.681–1.274, p = 0.657) and 66.3% vs. 46.2% (OR, 0.600; 95% CI, 0.402–0.896, p = 0.012), respectively, compared with the No‐SPMs group. Conclusion The overall incidence of Met‐SPMs in HPC was 12.3%. The occurrence of Met‐SPMs does not jeopardize the survival outcome of HPC. Routine surveillance of Met‐SPMs was requisite for patients with HPC.

Object: With the gradual advancement of laparoscopic technology, surgeries can be successfully performed with the help of laparoscopy increasingly. This study initially explored the difference between laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy (LRPS) and open right posterior sectionectomy (ORPS)of liver in our center, discussed the effectiveness, benefits and safety of LRPS and introduce some surgical techniques in our center. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyze 96 cases of liver tumor located in the right posterior lobe of liver in our institution from January 2015 to January 2018. There were 46 cases performed the LRPS surgery and 50 cases performed the ORPS surgery. Through analysis of the perioperative outcomes of these two groups by a case control study, we compare the differences between these two groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the LRPS and ORPS group in demographic and baseline characteristics before surgery. Patients in the LRPS group were significantly superior to ORPS in terms of postoperative liver function recovery, postoperative inflammatory factor level, pain sensation (3.03 ± 0.79 vs 4.58 ± 1.25), abdominal incision length (6.25 ± 2.34 vs 32.15 ± 3.21), carrying abdominal drainage tube time (3.26 ± 0.77 vs 4.83 ± 0.76), recovery of bowel function time (1.6 ± 0.61 VS 3.05 ± 0.85)and postoperative hospital stay (5.73 ± 0.99 vs 7.16 ± 0.95) (P

Abstract Purpose To define the clinical characteristics of irradiation-induced nasopharyngeal necrosis (INN) after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and identify the influence of treatment strategies on INN in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Patients and methods From 2008 to 2019, NPC patients pathologically diagnosed with INN after primary IMRT were reviewed. Those patients were matched with propensity scores for patients without INN in our center. The impact of treatment strategies on INN occurrence was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence rate of INN was 1.9% among the primary NPC population, and 53 patients with INN were enrolled. Headache and foul odor were the main symptoms, and 71.7% of cases had pseudomembrane during or at the end of radiotherapy. All patients were in early or middle stage INN, and no one presented with skull-based osteoradionecrosis. Then 212 non-INN patients were included based on propensity scores match. Overall survival (p = 0.248) and progression-free survival (p = 0.266) curves were similar between the INN and non-INN groups. Treatment strategies including combining chemotherapy or molecular targeted therapy with radiotherapy were not associated with INN occurrence, while boost dose (OR 7.360; 95% CI 2.301–23.547; p = 0.001) was a predictor factor for it. However, the optimal threshold for an accumulated dose to predict INN's occurrence was failed to determine. Conclusion In the IMRT era, the severity of INN in primary NPC patients is lessened. This study showed that treatment strategies contributed little to develop INN, while the accumulated dose of radiation may relate to its occurrence.

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are important bioactive compounds in tea and have excellent physiological regulation functions. However, the extraction and purification of TPs are key technologies affecting their further application, and the chemical instability, poor bioavailability of TPs are major challenges for researchers. In the past decade, therefore, research and development of advanced carrier systems for the delivery of TPs has been greatly promoted to improve their poor stability and poor bioavailability. In this review, the properties and function of TPs are introduced, and the recent advances in the extraction and purification technologies are systematically summarized. Particularly, the intelligent delivery of TPs via novel nano-carriers is critically reviewed, and the application of TPs nano-delivery system in medical field and food industry is also described. Finally, the main limitations, current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted in order to provide research ideas for exploiting nano-delivery carriers and their application in TPs.

At present, nano-carrier materials with antibacterial activity are of great significance. Due to the widespread resistance of many pathogenic microorganisms, it has seriously threatened human health. The natural antimicrobial substances extracted from fruits and vegetables can significantly improve their stability combined with nano-carrier materials. The resistance of pathogenic microorganisms will be substantially reduced, greatly enhancing the effect of active antimicrobial substances. Nanotechnology has excellent research prospects in the food industry, antibacterial preservation, food additives, food packaging, and other fields. This paper introduces nano-carrier materials and preparation techniques for loading and encapsulating active antibacterial substances in detail by constructing a nano-release system for active antibacterial substances. The antibacterial effect can be achieved by protecting them from adverse external conditions and destroying the membrane of pathogenic microorganisms. The mechanism of the slow release of the bacteriostatic active substance is also described. The mechanism of carrier loading and release is mainly through non-covalent forces between the bacteriostatic active substance and the carrier material, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, etc., as well as the loading and adsorption of the bacteriostatic active substance by the chemical assembly. Finally, its wide application in food and medicine is introduced. It is hoped to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient utilization and product development of bacteriostatic active substances.

Abstract Design procedure of a novel transmission line low‐pass filter is presented. The filter has a flexible rejection response for a prescribed cut‐off frequency and an in‐band ripple factor. It is compact by using a Z‐shaped coupled‐line section, which is loaded with open‐circuited stubs. All of the transmission line elements are identical in electrical length, and the impedances can be calculated by solving certain specific equations according to prescribed in‐band specifications. The simulated results show that the circuit can generate low‐pass responses with third‐, fifth‐, and seventh‐order filtering functions. The filter order depends on the number and position of the loading stubs. For verification, two sample filters with cut‐off frequency of 0.5/0.3 GHz are fabricated using a three‐/five‐layer PCB process, which generate seventh‐order low‐pass filtering responses with good selectivity. The experimental results agree well with the predictions.

A symmetric grating is proposed to obtain higher output power in spectral beam combination by increasing the number of lasers and spectral utilization. The grating allows laser beams to be incident from both sides of the grating normal to achieve coaxial beam combining, so the number of beams and the combined output power are doubled compared with the traditional grating under the same spectral line-width. The grating is designed with the central wavelength of 4.65 μm, and the calculation results show that this grating is very advantageous for spectral beam combining, especially for the light waves in the range 4.55–4.71 μm, where their diffraction efficiencies are high (over 80%) and correspond to a wide and linear range of incidence angles. Meanwhile, based on the symmetric gratings we further propose a circular grating to achieve the same frequency spectral beam combining. This beam combining design will not increase the laser spectral line width while enhancing the laser power, reducing the requirements for the unit laser spectral line width, which is very meaningful in some application fields and will further enrich the research of spectral beam combining.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the prognostic value of composition and spatial architecture of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as PDL1 expression on TILs subpopulations in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsA total of 121 patients with NPC were included and divided into two groups: favorable (n = 68) and unfavorable (n = 53). The archived tumor tissues of the included patients were retrieved, and a tissue microarray was constructed. The density and spatial distribution of TILs infiltration were analyzed using the multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, Foxp3, cytokeratin (CK), PDL1, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The infiltration density of TILs subpopulations and PDL1 expression were compared between the two groups. The Gcross function was calculated to quantify the relative proximity of any two types of cells. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).ResultsThe densities of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), effector T-cells (Teffs), PDL1+ Tregs, and PDL1+ Teffs were significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes. PDL1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) or overall TILs was not associated with survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher PDL1+ Tregs infiltration density was independently associated with inferior OS and DFS, whereas Tregs infiltration density was only a prognostic marker for DFS. Spatial analysis revealed that unfavorable group had significantly stronger Tregs and PDL1+ Tregs engagement in the proximity of TCs and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTLs). Gcross analysis further revealed that Tregs and PDL1+ Tregs were more likely to colocalize with CTLs. Moreover, increased GTC : Treg (Tregs engagement surrounding TCs) and GCTL : PDL1+ Treg were identified as independent factors correlated with poor outcomes.ConclusionTILs have a diverse infiltrating pattern and spatial distribution in NPC. Increased infiltration of Tregs, particularly PDL1+ Tregs, as well as their proximity to TCs and CTLs, correlates with unfavorable outcomes, implying the significance of intercellular immune regulation in mediating disease progression.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with imported malaria infection between 1 January 2011 and 30 April 2022 and admitted to the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning.MethodsThis cohort study enrolled 170 patients with conformed imported malaria infection. The clinical and biochemical profiles of these participants were analyzed with malaria parasite clearance, and signs and symptoms related to malaria disappearance were defined as the primary outcome. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cerebral malaria. The Cox model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs for parasite clearance.ResultsAdenosine deaminase and parasitemia were found to be independent risk factors for severe malaria in patients with imported malaria (OR = 1.0088, 95% CI: 1.0010–1.0167, p = 0.0272 and OR = 2.0700, 95% CI: 1.2584–3.4050, p = 0.0042, respectively). A 0.5–standard deviation (SD) increase of variation for urea (HR = 0.6714, 95% CI: 0.4911–0.9180), a 0.5-SD increase of variation for creatinine (HR = 0.4566, 95% CI: 0.2762–0.7548), a 0.25-SD increase of variation for albumin (HR = 0.4947, 95% CI: 0.3197–0.7653), a 0.25-SD increase of variation for hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HR = 0.6129, 95% CI: 0.3995–0.9402), and a 1.0-SD increase of variation for ferritin (HR = 0.5887, 95% CI: 0.3799–0.9125) were associated with a higher risk for increased parasite clearance duration than a low-level change.ConclusionsAspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, albumin, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and ferritin are useful biochemical indicators in routine clinical practice to evaluate prognosis for imported malaria.

Recent research has indicated that metal nanoparticles, known for their unique optical properties, can enhance the spectral response of photovoltaic modules. Since most nanoparticles demonstrate enhancement effects within a specific wavelength range, broadening the spectral response of photoelectric devices is critical for their application in imaging, energy harvesting, and optical communication. In this study, we applied flower-like silver particles to achieve this broadband enhancement. The optical absorption of photovoltaic modules, featuring an amorphous Si p-i-n structure, was improved across a broad wavelength range of 400~2000 nm by integrating these flower-like silver particles, resulting in an approximately tenfold increase in peak spectral responsivity. The theoretical investigation further elaborates that the enhancement originates from the near-field effects of silver particles due to the interaction of different parts of the flower-like silver particles. Through these studies, we demonstrate that utilizing the flower-like silver particles with roughness surface can achieve the spectral response of the photoelectric device enhanced in broadband range, which can improve the utilization efficiency of optical energy for the applications of sensing, imaging, optical communication, and energy harvesting.

Internal solitary waves evolving with time in shallow water are known to affect sound propagation significantly. Unlike prior work studying the acoustic effects of individual internal-wave properties separately, this paper elucidates and evaluates the influence of a complete evolution process of internal waves on acoustic fields both theoretically and by the coupled ocean-acoustic simulation. Two evolving wave properties considered here are shape deformations including the variations of wave amplitudes and widths and packet dispersion manifested as the increasing wavelength (i.e., the distance between successive solitons). The acoustic modal intensity expressed by the Dyson series solution is reformulated to explicitly reveal the modulation effects induced by the deformation and dispersion of internal waves. Dispersion leads to modal interference and causes the intensity envelope to oscillate with the varying wavelength. Deformation modulates intensity in a non-oscillatory manner that is less predictable due to the complexity of amplitude and width variations. In the environment reconstructed from the field observations of internal waves in the South China Sea, the modal intensity simulated by the parabolic-equation model exhibits pronounced modulation effects, where the modal interference due to dispersion dominates the intensity-envelope shape, and deformation affects the extremum positions of envelopes.

Cloning quantitative trait loci (QTL) in crops is often slow and laborious. Here, the authors describe RapMap, a method to rapidly clone multiple QTL based on F2 gradient populations coupled with a co-segregation standard, and show how it can be used to identify genes controlling grain size in rice.

Abstract Background Pathogenic variants in POC1A led to SOFT syndrome and variant POC1A-related (vPOC1A) syndrome. SOFT syndrome is a rare primordial dwarfism condition characterized by short stature, onychodysplasia, facial dysmorphism and hypotrichosis.The main clinical differences between SOFT and vPOC1A syndrome include dyslipidemia with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a SOFT syndrome patient diagnosed with a homozygous splicing variant, which could help to extend our understanding of the genotypic and phenotypic information of the disease. Case presentation We reported a seven-year-old boy with SOFT syndrome. The patient presented symmetrical short stature and facial features, including prominent forehead, inverted triangular face, epicanthal fold, small teeth and enlarged ears. Laboratory tests displayed mild insulin resistance. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) led to the identification of a homozygous splicing variant (c.981+1G>A) in POC1A gene of the patient, which was inherited from his heterozygous parents confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Further transcriptional experiments of the splicing variant revealed aberrant percentage of exon 9 skipping transcripts. Conclusions This is the firstly reported case of a SOFT syndrome patient with a novel homozygous splicing variant and detailed delineation of the aberrant transcript in proband and carrier of the variant in Chinese. Our study enriched mutational spectrum of POC1A which could help in further genetic diagnosis and counselling of SOFT syndrome patients.

Objective: Polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH, Jintrolong®) is the first long-acting rhGH preparation that is approved to treat children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in China. Clinical experience with dose selections of PEG-rhGH is scarce. The present study compared the efficacy and safety of a lower dose to increase dosing regimens of PEG-rhGH treatment.Methods: A multicenter, randomized, open-label, dose-comparison clinical study was conducted to compare the improvements in the height standard deviation score (Ht SDS), height velocity (HV), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) SDS, and safety profiles of children with GHD who are treated with 0.2 mg/kg/week of PEG-rhGH dose or 0.14 mg/kg/week for 26 weeks.Results: Ht SDS, HV, and IGF-1 SDS increased significantly after PEG-rhGH treatment in the two dose groups (p < 0.05). The improvements of Ht SDS, HV, and IGF-1 SDS were more significant in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (p < 0.05). Ht SDS improvement in low-dose group was not non-inferiority to that in the high-dose group (p = 0.2987). The incidences of adverse events were comparable between the two groups.Conclusion: The improvements of Ht SDS, HV, and IGF-1 SDS were more significant in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (p < 0.05). PEG-rhGH at the dose of 0.14 mg/kg/week was effective and safe for children with GHD.Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02908958.

Abstract Using 3D sonic crystals as acoustic higher‐order topological insulators (HOTIs), 2D surface states described by spin‐1 Dirac equations at the interfaces between the two sonic crystals with distinct topology but the same crystalline symmetry are discovered. It is found that the Dirac mass can be tuned by the geometry of the two sonic crystals. The sign reversal of the Dirac mass reveals a surface topological transition where the surface states exhibit zero refractive index behavior. When the surface states are gapped, 1D hinge states emerge due to the topology of the gapped surface states. The zero refractive index behavior and the emergent topological hinge states are confirmed experimentally. This study reveals a multidimensional Wannier orbital control that leads to extraordinary properties of surface states and unveils an interesting topological mechanism for the control of surface waves.

Abstract Purpose Conditional survival (CS) and failure hazard estimations can provide important dynamic prognostic information for clinical decision‐making and surveillance counseling. The current study aimed to investigate the CS and dynamic failure hazard in non‐metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Conditional overall survival (COS) and progression‐free survival (CPFS) estimates adjusted for age and gender against each AJCC 8th stage were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression (MCR) models were fitted in the entire population at baseline and subsequently separate MCR models were fitted in patients who have maintained event‐free time of 1 to 10 years to generate respective hazard ratio (HR). Annual hazard rates of death and progression over 10 years for each stage were also estimated. Results A total of 1993 patients were eligible for analysis. The estimated 5‐year OS and PFS for entire cohort were 79.0% and 70.7% at initial diagnosis. After 5 years of event‐free follow‐up, additional 5‐year COS and CPFS increased to 85.9% and 85.5%, respectively. Stage I/II maintained dramatically favorable CS and low hazard (< 5%) of death and progression over time. Relative to stage I/II, stage III manifested non‐significantly higher failure hazard for the first 3 years of survivorship and approached to similar level of stage I/II afterwards. Stage IVA presented most impressive improvement in terms of both COS (∆=9.8%) and CPFS (∆ = 16.8%) whereas still drastically inferior to that of stage I‐III across all conditional time points. After 4 years of follow‐up, progression hazard of stage IVA became relatively steady of approximate 6%. Conclusions Survival prospect of non‐metastatic NPC improves over years with distinct dynamic patterns across stages, providing important implications for personalized decision‐making in terms of both clinical management and surveillance counseling. Stage‐dependent and hazard‐adapted clinical management and surveillance are warranted.

Soil moisture is vital for the crop growth and directly affects the crop yield. The conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) based soil moisture monitoring is often influenced by vegetation cover and surface roughness. The machine-learning methods are not constrained by physical parameters and have high nonlinear fitting capabilities. In this study, machine-learning methods were applied to estimate soil moisture over winter wheat fields during its growing season. RADARSAT-2 data with quad polarizations and 240 sample plots in the study area were acquired and collected, respectively. In addition to the four linear polarization channels, polarimetric decomposition parameters were extracted to expand the SAR feature space. Three advanced machine-learning models were selected and compared, which were support vector regression, random forests (RF), and gradient boosting regression tree. To improve the performances of the models, three feature-selection methods were compared, which were based on Pearson correlation, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and RF, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used to compare and assess the performances of those models. The results revealed that polarimetric decomposition parameters were effective in estimating soil moisture, and RF model obtained the highest prediction accuracy (training set: RMSE = 2.44 vol.% and R2 = 0.94; and validation set: RMSE = 4.03 vol.%, and R2 = 0.79). This study finally concluded that using polarimetric decomposition parameters combined with machine-learning and feature-selection methods could effectively estimate soil moisture at a high accuracy, which helps monitor soil moisture across the agricultural field during its growing season.

Soil moisture (Mv) estimation and monitoring over agricultural areas using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) are often affected by vegetation cover during the growing season. Volume scattering and vegetation attenuation can complicate the received SAR backscatter signal when microwave interacts with the vegetation canopy. To address the existing problems, this article employed the model-based polarimetric decomposition method considering the two-way attenuation to remove the volume scattering and vegetation attenuation. A deorientation process of SAR data was applied to remove the influence of randomly distributed target orientation angles before the polarimetric decomposition. To parameterize the two-way attenuation, Radar Vegetation Index derived from the SAR intensity images was adopted. The Dubois model was used to describe backscattering from the underlying bare soil. Since the soil roughness parameters are difficult to measure under vegetation cover, the optimum surface roughness method was used to parameterize the Dubois model. This soil moisture retrieval algorithm was applied to the polarimetric multitemporal RADARSAT-2 SAR data over soybean fields. The validation indicates the root-mean-square error of 9.2 vol.% and 8.2 vol.% at HH and VV polarization, respectively, over the entire soybean growing period, suggesting that the proposed method is capable of reducing the effect of vegetation cover for soil moisture monitoring over the soybean field.

Cruciferous vegetables are rich in glucosinolates, which can be metabolized to produce the antitumor compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C). The conventional solvent extraction method for I3C is inefficient. To improve the extraction efficiency of I3C from cruciferous vegetables, we prepared a metal-organic framework (MOF) material (Fe3O4@Zn-Al-LDH@B-D-MIL-100). First, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were introduced to layered double hydroxides by in situ polymerization. Then, the MOF material was grown on the surface of the layered double hydroxide by co-precipitation and the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. This gave Fe3O4@Zn-Al-LDH@B-D-MIL-100, which was characterized using a variety of techniques. The results showed that Fe3O4@Zn-Al-LDH@B-D-MIL-100 had a double-layer porous structure, excellent superparamagnetism (11.54955 emu/g), a large specific surface area (174.04 m2/g), and a pore volume (0.26 cm3/g). The extraction conditions for I3C were optimized. Non-linear fitting of the static adsorption model showed that the adsorption was mainly monolayer. Fe3O4@Zn-Al-LDH@B-D-MIL-100 had fast adsorption kinetics and could extract 95% of I3C in 45 min. It is superior to the traditional solvent extraction method because of its high enrichment efficiency in a short time and environmental friendliness. The successful preparation of the new nanomaterial will provide a new reference for the enrichment and extraction of the I3C industry.

ObjectivesTo analyze the incidence and spread of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the effectiveness of prophylactic neck irradiation in patients with SNSCC.MethodsA total of 255 patients with SNSCC were retrospectively reviewed. The LNM spread pattern was revealed. The clinical parameters related to LNM, and the prognostic value of elective neck irradiation (ENI) were assessed. A 1:1 matching with propensity scores was performed between ENI group and observation (OBS) group.ResultsThe initial LNM rate was 20.8%, and the regional recurrence (RR) rate was 7.5%. Lymphatic spreading in SNSCC followed the common trajectories: a. level Ib ➔ level II ➔ level Va/level III/IV lymph nodes (LNs); b. retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) ➔ level II LNs. The most frequently involved site was level II LNs (16.1%), followed by level Ib LNs (10.2%), RPLNs (4.7%), level III LNs (3.2%), level Va LNs (1.6%), level IVa LNs (1.4%) and level VIII LNs (0.8%). The median follow-up time was 105 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 55.7% for N0 patients and 38.5% for patients with initial N+ or N- relapse (p = 0.009). After PSM, the 5-year regional recurrence-free survival was 71.6% and 94.7% (p = 0.046) in OBS and ENI group, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that ENI (p = 0.013) and absence of nasopharynx involvement (p = 0.026) were associated with a significantly lower RR rate.ConclusionsPatients with LNM had poorer survival than those who never experienced LNM. Lymphatic spread in SNSCC followed predictable patterns. ENI effectively reduced the RR rate in patients at high risk.

Pancreatic cancer cells are characterized by high cell proliferation and low cell apoptosis, but the factors involved in these processes remain to be further studied. In this study, we report that miR-324-5p regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells through regulating the expression of Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3). In both pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines, the levels of miR-324-5p are significantly increased. Inhibition of miR-324-5p represses cell proliferation but promotes cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR-324-5p exerts the opposite effect. Furthermore, we identified KLF3, a factor regulating pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, as a new direct downstream target of miR-324-5p. Our results suggest that miR-324-5p plays an important role in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis via downregulating the expression of KLF3.

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment strategies and the potential prognostic factors of esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). Materials and methods Between April 1984 and December 2018, 138 patients with non-metastatic ENB were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment modalities mainly included surgery alone (n = 7), radiotherapy alone (n = 33), concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 17), surgery combined with current chemoradiotherapy (n = 32), and surgery plus radiotherapy (n = 49). Results The median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 61 months (range, 4–231 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS), locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate were 69.6, 78.0 and 73.9%, respectively. Surgery combined with radiotherapy elicited superior survival results, and the combination of surgery and current chemoradiotherapy achieved the best prognoses for all patients, patients with advanced Kadish disease, patients receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy and those with positive surgical margin. Univariate analysis identified orbital invasion and treatment modalities were predictors for OS, LRFFS and DMFS. Lymph node metastasis was associated with OS and DMFS, but not LRFFS. Intracranial invasion, advanced Kadish stage and not receiving concurrent chemotherapy were also predictive of lower OS. Multivariate analyses indicated that lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor affecting DMFS, whereas treatment modalities was independent prognostic factors for OS and LRFFS. Conclusion Orbital invasion, intracranial invasion, lymph node metastasis and advanced Kadish disease at initial diagnosis were significantly associated with inferior prognosis. Regarding the treatment modality, the optimal strategy remined surgery with radiotherapy-based multimodality treatment. The concurrent chemoradiotherapy may play a more beneficial role.

In this study, a novel metal-organic framework (M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67) was successfully prepared using the single layer Fe3O4-ZIF-8 as magnetic core and wrapped a layer of ZIF-67 outer. This M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67 was employed as an adsorbent for the adsorption and removal of fipronil and its metabolites from environmental water and cucumber samples. The characterization results suggested that M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67 has the double layer structure a polyhedral structure with uniform pores, while ZIF-67 was successfully coated on the surface of Fe3O4-ZIF-8. The unique structure endowed M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67 a high surface area (219 m2/g) and high adsorption capacity for fipronil, fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfide and fipronil sulfone. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the adsorption properties of M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67 with double layer structure relating to the adsorption and removal of pesticides. Furthermore, the adsorption model analysis demonstrated that the static adsorption data fitted the Freundlich bimolecular layer adsorption model better than the Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. This study indicates that M-ZIF-8@ZIF-67 has significant potential in the adsorption and removal of fipronil and its metabolites in water and vegetable samples.

This paper aims to explore the effects of optimisation parameters (the filter radius, mesh size, and target volume fraction) on the compliance and manufacturability of smooth self-supporting topologies for additive manufacturing (AM); and conduct manufacturability experiments of selected simulation results with the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. In this study, smooth self-supporting topologies are obtained with a combined method of the Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization method (SIMP) with the smooth boundary representation and Langelaar's AM filter. Numerical examples illustrate that a higher filter radius can lead to simpler smooth self-supporting topologies, but curved top corners that violate the critical overhang angle of 45° are inevitably generated. Additionally, the mesh size is found to be not as an important factor as the filter radius in affecting the manufacturability and performance. As a result of the self-supporting constraint, a small volume fraction can easily result in structural discontinuity. The experimental results demonstrate that the self-supporting topologies obtained are all printable in SLM.

Passive microwave data have been extensively used for snow depth (SD) inversion, but their accuracy has large error in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Thus, there is still room for improvement in regional SD inversion. Ground-measured SD data combined with elevation, longitude, and land cover data were used to develop a multifactor SD inversion model based on Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) over the QTP. The SD inversion model and the AMSR2 SD product were validated and compared using the meteorological stations and ground-measured SD over the QTP at the same time. The results show that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the novel model developed in this study is approximately 5 cm, which is much better than the accuracy of the AMSR2 SD product (11-13 cm) released by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. When the ground-measured SD is less than 30 cm, the RMSE and the mean absolute error of the developed model are below 7 and 6 cm, respectively, and the BIAS is approximately 1 cm. The SD inversion results are poor in the western part of the plateau due to the complex terrain and thick snow cover, and its RMSE is greater than 15 cm. In conclusion, this novel SD inversion model is more applicable and accurate than the AMSR2 SD products.

Selenium-enriched mung bean (Se-MB) is a combination of mung bean (MB) and selenium (Se), which have a variety of potential biological activities. However, little is known about the skincare activity of Se-MB. The chemical composition of Se-MB fermentation broth (Se-MBFB) was analyzed to investigate the whitening, moisturizing, and anti-aging activities of Se-MBFB. The tyrosinase inhibition, anti-melanogenic in melanocytes (B16F10 cells), and moisturizing effect in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were analyzed. Besides, the free radical scavenging activity of Se-MBFB was assessed in vitro. To verify the in vivo effects and the potential of practical applications of Se-MBFB, a clinical trial was conducted on the participants: 31 Chinese women aged 25–60 years, with no pigmentation disorder, no illness, no history of hypersensitivity reaction, and no use of skincare product on the face. The participants used an Se-MBFB masque for 15-20 min after cleaning the face. The measurement points were Week 0, 2, and 4 (W0, W2, and W4) after using the masque, and target sites were cheek and canthus. The following parameters were recorded on the target sites at each visit: melanin index, skin color, cuticle moisture content, transepidermal water loss, and crow's feet. The results demonstrated that Se-MBFB was rich in polyphenols, peptides, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), displayed significant free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibiting activities, decreased the synthesis of melanin, and upregulated the aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression. The test of the Se-MBFB mask showed that after 4 weeks of using the Se-MBFB facemask, the faces of the participants became whiter with reduced wrinkles and increased moisture content. Se-MB possessed the excellent whitening, moisturizing, and antioxidant efficacy, which could lay a scientific foundation for utilization and development of skincare products of Se-MB and its related industrial cosmetics products.

Carbendazim (CBZ), a systemic, broad-spectrum benzimidazole fungicide, is widely used to control fungal diseases in agricultural products. Its residues might pose risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is warranted to establish a rapid and reliable method for its residual quantification. Herein, we proposed a competitive assay that combined aptamer (DNA) specific recognition and bimetallic nanozyme gold@platinum (Au@Pt) catalysis to trace the CBZ residue. The DNA was labeled onto bimetallic nanozyme Au@Pt surface to produce Au@Pt probes (Au@Pt-DNA). The magnetic Fe3O4 was functionalized with a complementary strand of DNA (C-DNA) to form Fe3O4 probes (Fe3O4-C-DNA). Subsequently, the CBZ and the Fe3O4 probes competitively react with Au@Pt probes to form two Au@Pt-DNA biosensors (Au@Pt-ssDNA-CBZ and Au@Pt-dsDNA-Fe3O4). The Au@Pt-ssDNA-CBZ biosensor was designed for qualitative analysis through a naked-eye visualization strategy in the presence of CBZ. Meanwhile, Au@Pt-dsDNA-Fe3O4 biosensor was developed to quantitatively analyze CBZ using a multifunctional microplate reader. A competitive assay based on the dual-mode Au@Pt-DNA biosensors was established for onsite sensitive determination of CBZ. The limit of detection (LOD) and recoveries of the developed assay were 0.038 ng/mg and 71.88-110.11%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging between 3.15 and 10.91%. The assay demonstrated a good correlation with data acquired from liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis. In summary, the proposed competitive assay based on dual-mode Au@Pt-DNA biosensors might have a great potential for onsite sensitive detection of pesticides in agro-products.

The demand for Chinese chives is growing as they are also rich in vitamins, fiber, and sulfur nutrients. Chinese chives should be sprayed with imidacloprid to control pests and diseases to safeguard their yield and to meet the demands of East Asian consumers for Chinese chives. Overspraying of imidacloprid can lead to residues in Chinese chives, posing a severe risk to human health. To reduce the harmful effects of imidacloprid residues on humans, we investigated the imidacloprid dissipation pattern and the final residue on Chinese chives using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearity (R2= 0.9988), accuracy (expressed as recovery % of 78.34–91.17%), precision [expressed as relative SDs (RSDs) of 0.48–6.43%], and sensitivity [a limit of quantification (LOQ) ≤ 8.07 × 104 mg/kg] were achieved. The dissipation dynamics were consistent with the first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 2.92 days. The final residual levels on Chinese chives were 0.00923–0.166 mg/kg, which is lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of 1 mg/kg for imidacloprid on Chinese chives. A risk assessment index of

In order to explore the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and oil prices, this paper combines the copula function to study the correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and oil price changes, conducts a more comprehensive study of the copula function, and applies the algorithm to some practical classification problems. Moreover, this paper improves some defects in the algorithm and combines some new learning frameworks in machine learning to generalize the copula function to a variety of learning models. In addition, this paper studies how to use the coverage algorithm to construct classifiers under various problems and proposes corresponding improvement strategies according to the characteristics of various problems. Finally, this paper builds a correlation analysis algorithm model and uses simulation research to verify that there is a relatively obvious correlation between exchange rate fluctuations and oil price changes.

Turbulent mixing above rough topography is crucial for the vertical motions of deep water and the closure of the meridional overturning circulation. Related to prominent topographic features, turbulent mixing not only exhibits a bottom-intensified vertical structure but also displays substantial lateral variation. How turbulent mixing varies in the upslope direction and its impact on the upwelling of deep water over sloping topography remains poorly understood. In this study, the notable multihump structure of the bottom-intensified turbulent diffusivity in the upslope direction of a seamount in the South China Sea (SCS) is revealed by full-depth fine-resolution microstructure and hydrographic profiles. Numerical experiments indicate that multihump bottom-intensified turbulent mixing around a seamount could lead to multiple cells of locally strengthened circulations consisting of upwelling (downwelling) motions in (above) the bottom boundary layer (BBL) that are induced by bottom convergence (divergence) of the turbulent buoyancy flux. Accompanied by cyclonic (anticyclonic) flow, a three-dimensional spiral circulation manifests around the seamount topography. These findings regarding the turbulent mixing and three-dimensional circulation around a deep seamount provide support for the further interpretation of the abyssal meridional overturning circulation.

Due to the dense distribution of tomato fruit with similar morphologies and colors, it is difficult to recognize the maturity stages when the tomato fruit is harvested. In this study, a tomato maturity recognition model, YOLOv5s-tomato, is proposed based on improved YOLOv5 to recognize the four types of different tomato maturity stages: mature green, breaker, pink, and red. Tomato maturity datasets were established using tomato fruit images collected at different maturing stages in the greenhouse. The small-target detection performance of the model was improved by Mosaic data enhancement. Focus and Cross Stage Partial Network (CSPNet) were adopted to improve the speed of network training and reasoning. The Efficient IoU (EIoU) loss was used to replace the Complete IoU (CIoU) loss to optimize the regression process of the prediction box. Finally, the improved algorithm was compared with the original YOLOv5 algorithm on the tomato maturity dataset. The experiment results show that the YOLOv5s-tomato reaches a precision of 95.58% and the mean Average Precision (mAP) is 97.42%; they are improved by 0.11% and 0.66%, respectively, compared with the original YOLOv5s model. The per-image detection speed is 9.2 ms, and the size is 23.9 MB. The proposed YOLOv5s-tomato can effectively solve the problem of low recognition accuracy for occluded and small-target tomatoes, and it also can meet the accuracy and speed requirements of tomato maturity recognition in greenhouses, making it suitable for deployment on mobile agricultural devices to provide technical support for the precise operation of tomato-picking machines.

In the equatorial Indian Ocean, strong westerly and easterly wind anomaly can drive eastward downwelling and upwelling Kelvin waves, respectively, which play an important role in determining the circulations and thermal structures near the equator. Kelvin waves can propagate into the Andaman Sea, a marginal sea located to the northeast of the Indian Ocean. In the Andaman Sea, nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) that are crucial in facilitating the mixing in the ocean interior and maintaining the ecosystem are found to be extremely active. Although both equatorial Kelvin waves and NLIWs have been well known in oceanography, the influence of equatorial Kelvin waves on NLIWs in the Andaman Sea remains unclear. In this study, based on long-term mooring measurements in the southern Andaman Sea, it is found that the NLIW amplitude shows remarkable intraseasonal and seasonal variances, and these variances can be mostly explained by the occurrence of equatorial Kelvin waves. Downwelling Kelvin waves can deepen the thermocline depth by tens of meters, so that the NLIW amplitude can be reduced up to 22%. Meanwhile, upwelling Kelvin waves can notably uplift the thermocline depth and the NLIW amplitude can be enhanced up to 32%. These discoveries provide credible evidence that basin-scale waves from the open ocean can remotely modulate small-scale internal waves in marginal seas.

The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method, more commonly known as selective laser melting (SLM), is one of the most common metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes. It is a layer-by-layer fabrication process where each powder layer is melted and fused by a laser beam, which traverses over the designated part geometry cross-section, as defined by a sliced CAD model. The LPBF process is being popularly used to manufacture end products of intricate geometry for various industries, such as the automobile, aerospace, defence, and biomedical industries. In designing parts, the topology optimisation (TO) technique can be effectively employed to optimise the distribution of material throughout the part and obtain the minimum volume/weight without compromising the mechanical performance of the component. This study focusses on the design optimisation and validation of the optimisation approaches used for LPBF-printed AlSi12 metal parts. The mechanical performance of three different topologically optimised lattice beams, viz. 1 × 1, 8 × 3, and 12 × 3, printed using the LPBF process, was investigated. When the beams were tested in bending, it was found that these TO LPBF-printed beams behaved differently when compared to the LPBF-printed solid beam. The 1 × 1 lattice beam performed better than the other two lattice beams due to the lower number of links where premature failure was delayed. The 1 × 1 lattice beam exhibited a load-bearing capacity of 17 ± 2 kN, whereas the 8 × 3 and 12 × 3 lattice beams showed load capacities of 13 ± 1 kN and 10 ± 1 kN, respectively. This mechanical behaviour was modelled and simulated by using a finite element analysis, and it was found that the LPBF-printed material property was affected by the design elements present in the beam. It was also found that each topology-optimised beam fits a different material model when compared to the SLM-printed solid beam. Therefore, a new material model or simulation technique needs to be developed to overcome this issue.

Imidacloprid is one of the most commonly used insecticides for managing pests, thus, improving the quality and yield of vegetables. The abuse/misuse of imidacloprid contaminates the environment and threatens human health. To reduce the risk, a colorimetric enzyme-linked immunoassay assay (Co-ELISA) and chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunoassay assay (Cl-ELISA) were established to detect imidacloprid residues in vegetables. The linear range of Co-ELISA ranged between 1.56 μg/L and 200 μg/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.56 μg/L. The values for Cl-ELISA were 0.19 μg/L to 25 μg/L with an LOD of 0.19 μg/L, which are lower than those of Co-ELISA. Fortifying Chinese cabbage, cucumber, and zucchini with imidacloprid at 10, 50, and 100 μg/L yielded recoveries between 81.7 and 117.6% for Co-ELISA and at 5, 10, and 20 µg/L yielded recoveries range from 69.7 to 120.6% for Cl-ELISA. These results indicate that Cl-ELISA has a high sensitivity and a rapid detection time, saving cost (antigen and antibody concentrations) and serving as a more efficient model for the rapid detection of imidacloprid residue.

Background αB-Crystallin (CRYAB) is differentially expressed in various tumors. However, the correlation between CRYAB and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Materials & Methods Kaplan–Meier survival curves in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to evaluate the relationship between CRYAB expression and both overall survival and progression-free survival. The relationships between CRYAB expression and infiltrating immune cells and their corresponding gene marker sets were examined using the TIMER database. Results The expression of CRYAB was lower in CRC tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.05). High CRYAB gene expression and high levels of CRYAB gene methylation were correlated with high-grade malignant tumors and more advanced tumor, nodes and metastasis (TNM) cancer stages. In addition, in colorectal cancer, there was a positive correlation between CRYAB expression and immune infiltrating cells including neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells, and CD4 + T cells, as well as immune-related genes including CD2, CD3D, and CD3E. Methylation sites such as cg13084335, cg15545878, cg13210534, and cg15318568 were positively correlated with low expression of CRYAB. Conclusion Because CRYAB likely plays an important role in immune cell infiltration, it may be a potential tumor-suppressor gene in CRC and a potential novel therapeutic target and predictive biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC).

BackgroundAustralia is theoretically at risk of epidemic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activity as the principal vectors are present on the mainland Aedes aegypti) and some islands of the Torres Strait (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). Both vectors are highly invasive and adapted to urban environments with a capacity to expand their distributions into south-east Queensland and other states in Australia. We sought to estimate the epidemic potential of CHIKV, which is not currently endemic in Australia, by considering exclusively transmission by the established vector in Australia, Ae. aegypti, due to the historical relevance and anthropophilic nature of the vector.Methodology/principal findingsWe estimated the historical (1995-2019) epidemic potential of CHIKV in eleven Australian locations, including the Torres Strait, using a basic reproduction number equation. We found that the main urban centres of Northern Australia could sustain an epidemic of CHIKV. We then estimated future trends in epidemic potential for the main centres for the years 2020 to 2029. We also conducted uncertainty and sensitivity analyses on the variables comprising the basic reproduction number and found high sensitivity to mosquito population size, human population size, impact of vector control and human infectious period.Conclusions/significanceBy estimating the epidemic potential for CHIKV transmission on mainland Australia and the Torres Strait, we identified key areas of focus for controlling vector populations and reducing human exposure. As the epidemic potential of the virus is estimated to rise towards 2029, a greater focus on control and prevention measures should be implemented in at-risk locations.

PurposeThe high intracranial efficacy of targeted therapeutic agents poses a challenge in determining the optimal sequence of local radiation therapy (RT) and systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis (BM). Therefore, we conducted a cohort study to elucidate the appropriate treatment strategy, either upfront RT or deferred RT including a toxicity assessment, in these patients.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with gene-driven BMs from a single institution and divided them into deferred and upfront RT groups. Survival was estimated using a log-rank test. Intracranial progression was estimated using Fine-Gray competing risks model. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for multivariable analysis in the entire group and subgroups.ResultsAmong the 198 eligible patients, 94 and 104 patients received deferred and upfront RT, respectively. The upfront RT group showed a lower intracranial progression risk with an adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratios of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.30–0.57) than did the deferred RT group (median intracranial progression-free survival [iPFS], 19.9 months vs. 11.1 months; p < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS; 43.2 months vs. 49.1 months, p = 0.377) and BM-specific survival (92.1 months vs. 82.9 months, p = 0.810) after salvage therapy were not significantly different between the upfront and deferred groups. Among patients with progressed extracranial disease, the deferred RT group showed significantly better OS than did the upfront RT group (44.0 vs. 28.1 months, p = 0.022). Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were rare, and similar toxicities were observed between the two groups.ConclusionCompared to the deferred RT group, the upfront RT group achieved longer iPFS and similar survival outcomes in most patients with gene-driven NSCLC BM, although patients with progression of extracranial disease might benefit from deferred RT. Both groups showed well-tolerated toxicities.Trial registration IDNCT04832672.

The edge-bundling algorithm is applied to visualize the spatial evolution of the international scientific collaborative network, which is reshaping the global scientific landscape. Our analysis finds that as scientific research in the Asia-Pacific region has grown, especially in China, global scientific cooperation across the Eastern and Western hemispheres has greatly increased, thus extending the core axis of global scientific cooperation to the Western Pacific.