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Background/purpose Ground section is the only way to study tooth enamel, and the conventional methods of making ground sections, grinding by hand or using a hard tissue microtome are either too time consuming or money costing. This study aimed to develop and assess a novel cutting machine in making ground sections and learning aid for dental students. Materials and methods By using the novel cutting machine, the students cut the embedding teeth and got 50 μm ground sections efficiently. A series of fine/coarse combination stones were used for grinding the sections to uniform 20 μm thickness. Self-made ground sections were used in the lab class of tooth tissue. Questionnaires were designed to assess the participants’ attitude towards the cutting machine and their knowledge of the tooth tissue before and after making the tooth ground sections. Results Our findings indicated that the novel cutting machine can act as an efficient tool to make tooth ground sections. Indeed, data indicated that making tooth ground section progress can assist students’ understanding of the structure and function of tooth and their pathology knowledge had improved. From a qualitative point of view, the students described making tooth ground section progress improve their practical ability and study interest in oral pathology. Conclusion Overall, these findings indicate that our novel cutting machine can act as an efficient tool to make tooth ground sections and support dental students to study the pathology of the tooth hard tissue in a simple and functional way.

Indazolone derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical properties. We report a rapid and efficient approach to provide structurally diverse 2-N-substituted indazolones via photochemical cyclization in aqueous media at room temperature. This straightforward protocol is halide compatible for the synthesis of halogenated indazolones bearing a broad scope of substrates, which suggests a new avenue of great importance to medicinal chemistry.

Exploring active materials with a high rate capability and long lifespan for sodium ion batteries attracts much more attention and plays an important role in realizing clean energy storage and conversion. The strategy of optimizing the electronic structure by atomic element substitution within MoS

To investigate the effect of IL-10 gene polymorphism on periodontal microecology in patients with periodontitis.Seventy-nine patients with periodontitis (experimental group) and 50 healthy individuals (control group) visiting Zibo First Hospital from June 2018 to March 2019 were enrolled. The experimental group was further divided into two groups according to the severity of periodontitis, namely moderate periodontitis (n=47) and severe periodontitis (n=32). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the level of bacterial colonization in the subgingival plaque of all subjects. The genotype and allele frequencies at -1082, -819, and -592 loci in IL-10 were detected by PCR. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between IL-10 genotypes and bacterial colonization level in subgingival plaque. The data were processed by SPSS 2.0 software package.Actinomycetes actinomycetes (A.a) colonization in patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly lower than that of patients with severe periodontitis (P0.05). The amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.g) and A.a in patients with moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05). The proportion of CC genotypes in the -819 locus of patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the proportion of TT genotype was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05). The proportion of CC, TC and TT genotypes showed no significant difference between patients with moderate periodontitis and those with severe periodontitis (P0.05). The proportion of CC genotypes in the -592 locus of patients with moderate periodontitis was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the proportion of AA genotype was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). In moderate periodontitis, A.a colonization amount at -592 gene locus of AA genotype was significantly higher than that of AC genotype(P0.05). In moderate periodontitis, A.a colonization amount at of -819 gene locus of TT genotype was significantly higher than that of TC genotype (P0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-10-592-AA genotype and -819-TT genotype were closely related to A.a colonization in moderate periodontitis (P0.05).IL-10 gene polymorphism is the influencing factor of subgingival microecological environment in patients with moderate periodontitis, among which IL-10-592- AA genotype and -819-TT genotype have the most obvious correlation with A.a colonization level.

Chemical modification of proteins has emerged as a powerful tool to realize enormous applications, such as development of novel biologics and functional studies of individual protein. We report a light-induced lysine-selective native protein conjugation approach

In order to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and its influencing factors in Shanghai rivers, the water quality and phytoplankton community structure at 44 river channel sites in a central urban area, new town area, and rural area in Shanghai were investigated from September to October 2018 (autumn) and July to August 2019 (summer). The results showed that:① Chlorophyta was the dominant phyla during the autumn and summer, and was followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta. Cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community in terms of density. The number of species and density of phytoplankton were 24% and 2.77 times higher, respectively, than those during the summer and autumn. The dominance of

In mammals, interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a type I four-helical bundle cytokine produced by activated T cells that has pleiotropic functions on immune cells. Although IL-21 has been discovered in fish, the splicing variants of this cytokine and their functions on B cells are unclear. In this study, based on the original transcript of grass carp IL-21 (named gcIL-21sv1 in this study), two alternative splicing variants, named gcIL-21sv2 and gcIL-21sv3, were cloned and characterized. The protein sequences of gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2 consist of four α-helixes, and only the six amino acid residues at the C-terminal are different. Unlike gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2, gcIL-21sv3 lacks the C-terminal region. The expression analysis showed that gcIL-21sv1, gcIL-21sv2, and gcIL-21sv3 were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, and their expression could be significantly up-regulated by LPS and Poly (I:C) in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), with the fold change of gcIL-21sv1 being higher than that of gcIL-21sv2 and gcIL-21sv3. Recombinant gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2, but not gcIL-21sv3, could induce the proliferation of IgM

Pot-culture experiments were carried out in Shanghai to screen crop varieties with low bioaccumulation properties with respect to cadmium (Cd). Eight common crops, such as green pepper, cucumber, cowpea, spinach, cauliflower, tomatoes, rice, and wheat, were planted in contaminated soil with different Cd concentrations of 0.23, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 mg·kg

We study the effects of phonon cavities on the thermal conductance of cylindrical semiconductor nanowires by applying the scatter matrix method in combination with elastic wave continuum model. Our results show that the phonon cavity can enhance thermal conductance because of model coupling between phonon modes aroused in the phonon cavity, and phonon modes in the constrictions at lower temperatures. As the length of the phonon cavity increases, an oscillatory decay of the thermal conductance is exhibited at high temperatures. Compared with phonon cavities with lower wave velocities, phonon cavities with a higher wave velocity featured reduced thermal conductance at high temperatures. A brief analysis of these results is given.

The new forming process of AA6061 alloy tube, including solution treatment, granule medium internal high-pressure forming and aging treatment, was developed. The AA6061 alloy tube via heat treatment satisfied the forming requirement, and the granule medium internal high pressure forming method for AA6061 alloy tube was also realized by using convenient implementation with low requirement of equipment and flexible design of product. At a solution temperature of 560°C and time of 120 min, the elongation of the AA6061 extruded tube increases by 300% and the strength and the hardness dramatically decrease too. Therefore, the AA6061 alloy tube meets the requirement of internal high-pressure forming because of the improvement of formability. The experiments shows that the strength and hardness of AA6061 alloy workpiece recover to that of the as-received alloy at an aging temperature of 180°C and time of 360 min, and the strength of AA6061 alloy workpiece is equal to the base alloy. The typical parts of convex ring tube, stepped shaft tube and hexagonal tube were successfully produced in lab by using the present forming method. The forming tests show that the maximum expansion ratio (MER) of the AA6061 extruded tube increases by 25.5% and the material properties of formed AA6061 alloy tube reached the performance of as-received alloy.

Background: Amyloid-β deposition and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles are pathologic features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dysregulation of the endosomal–autophagic–lysosomal (EAL) pathway, which impairs amyloid precursor protein processing, is one of the earliest changes in AD. However, the precise role of EAL pathway in neurodegeneration remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of EAL pathway in AD and further study the mechanism of EAL dysfunction. Methods: We used 3-, 7-, and 12-month-old APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice to model different stages of AD with age- and gender-matched wild-type littermates as controls (4–7 mice per group) and detected the changes of EAL markers, endosomal organizers Rab5 and Rab7, autophagosome marker LC3B, and lysosomal proteins Lamp1/2 in cortex and hippocampus by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis. To further explore the mechanism of EAL dysregulation in AD, components of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3) complex, activators of Rab7 (Beclin1 and UVRAG), and the negative regulator of Rab7 (Rubicon) were also measured in this two brain regions. Results: In 7-month-old APP/PS1 brain that amyloid beta initiated to accumulate intracellularly, EAL pathway, and related PI3KC3 members, UVRAG and Beclin1 were upregulated both in cortex and hippocampus (all P< 0.05). By the age of 12 months old, when abundant amyloid plaques formed, EAL markers, UVRAG, and Beclin1 were also upregulated in the cortex (all P< 0.05). However, Rab7 was decreased significantly (P = 0.0447), accompanied by a reduction of its activating PI3KC complex component Beclin1 (P = 0.0215) and enhancement of its inhibiting component Rubicon (P = 0.0055) in the hippocampus. Conclusions: Our study implies that EAL pathway, represented as Rab7 and its PI3KC3 regulators’ expressions, showed temporal and spatial variation in brains at different stages of AD. It provides new insights into the role of EAL pathway in pathogenesis and indicates potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Key words: Autophagy; Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complex; Endocytosis; Neurodegeneration; Rab7

For patients with occipital malformation, it is difficult to obtain reliable stability using three screws on the midline. A new aliform occipitocervical internal fixation system was designed. The occiput was fixed with 3, 7, or 11 screws, and a three-dimensional finite element model of the system was established. A compressive preload of 40N combined with a pure moment of 1.5Nm was applied to simulate normal flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. The stress distribution across the screws on the occiput and the occipital displacement produced by the newly developed system were compared with those produced by the DePuy SUMMIT system. Compared with the SUMMIT system (control group), in the new system, the maximum stress on the occiputs fixed with 3 screws (group A) and 7 screws (group B) increased by 16.5% and 15.0%, respectively. In contrast, the maximum stress on the occiput fixed with 11 screws (group C) decreased by 15.6%. In addition, the maximum occipital displacements under extension decreased by 10.0%, 11.4%, and 11.8% in the A, B, and, C groups, respectively. Our results indicate that both group A and the control group exhibited sufficient strength and instant stability; however, group C exhibited the highest stability and the lowest maximum von Mises stress.

The over-expression and aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) are linked to the onset and pathology of Parkinson’s disease. Native monomeric αSyn exists in an intrinsically disordered ensemble of interconverting conformations, which has made its therapeutic targeting by small molecules highly challenging. Nonetheless, here we successfully target the monomeric structural ensemble of αSyn and thereby identify novel drug-like small molecules that impact multiple pathogenic processes. Using a surface plasmon resonance high-throughput screen, in which monomeric αSyn is incubated with microchips arrayed with tethered compounds, we identified novel αSyn interacting drug-like compounds. Because these small molecules could impact a variety of αSyn forms present in the ensemble, we tested representative hits for impact on multiple αSyn malfunctions in vitro and in cells including aggregation and perturbation of vesicular dynamics. We thereby identified a compound that inhibits αSyn misfolding and is neuroprotective, multiple compounds that restore phagocytosis impaired by αSyn overexpression, and a compound blocking cellular transmission of αSyn. Our studies demonstrate that drug-like small molecules that interact with native αSyn can impact a variety of its pathological processes. Thus, targeting the intrinsically disordered ensemble of αSyn offers a unique approach to the development of small molecule research tools and therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease.

Yi Zhang, Jie Chen, Shan-Shan Wu, Meng-Jiao Lv, Yong-Sheng Yu, Zheng-Hao Tang, Xiao-Hua Chen, Guo-Qing ZangDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaBackground: Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) has been implicated in the development and progression of various human cancers. However, the precise biological functions of HOXA10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been defined.Methods: In this study, we examined mRNA expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of HOXA10 as well as histone deacetylase (HDAC) and protein levels by Western blot of HOXA10, HDAC1, Cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Survivin and p53 acetylation in HCC tissues and cell lines. We also assessed cell proliferation using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and analyzed cell cycle by flow cytometry. Furthermore, tumor growth of HCC cells in vivo was monitored using the nude mouse xenograft model. Finally, HDAC1 promoter activity and binding in HCC cell lines were detected by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), respectively.Results: We uncovered the elevated expression of HOXA10 in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HOXA10 inhibited HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. HOXA10 knockdown also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis, which were accompanied with the reduced expression of Cyclin D1, PCNA and Survivin. Notably, HOXA10 knockdown enhanced p53 acetylation (Lys382), which is crucial to the activation of p53. Likewise, HOXA10 knockdown suppressed the transcription of HDAC1, a potential deacetylase for p53. In line with these observations, HDAC1 downregulation abrogated the effects of HOXA10 overexpression on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and p53 acetylation, indicating the role of HDAC1 in mediating HOXA10 functions.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that HOXA10 knockdown inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells by regulating HDAC1 transcription.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, HOXA10, HDAC1, p53, acetylation

Metallic-state 2D SnS

In mammals, interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a type I four-helical bundle cytokine produced by activated T cells that has pleiotropic functions on immune cells. Although IL-21 has been discovered in fish, the splicing variants of this cytokine and their functions on B cells are unclear. In this study, based on the original transcript of grass carp IL-21 (named gcIL-21sv1 in this study), two alternative splicing variants, named gcIL-21sv2 and gcIL-21sv3, were cloned and characterized. The protein sequences of gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2 consist of four α-helixes, and only the six amino acid residues at the C-terminal are different. Unlike gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2, gcIL-21sv3 lacks the C-terminal region. The expression analysis showed that gcIL-21sv1, gcIL-21sv2, and gcIL-21sv3 were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, and their expression could be significantly up-regulated by LPS and Poly (I:C) in head kidney leukocytes (HKLs), with the fold change of gcIL-21sv1 being higher than that of gcIL-21sv2 and gcIL-21sv3. Recombinant gcIL-21sv1 and gcIL-21sv2, but not gcIL-21sv3, could induce the proliferation of IgM+ B cells and the secretion of IgM, with the activity of gcIL-21sv1 being stronger than that of gcIL-21sv2, indicating that the C-terminal region plays important roles in the function of gcIL-21. Taken together, this study found that, like IL-21 in human and mouse, IL-21 splicing variants also exist in fish, and the regulatory activities of these variants in humoral immunity are differ, suggesting that grass carp may balance the immune response mediated by IL-21 through alternative splicing.

Semantic similarity measuring between words can be applied to many applications, such as Artificial Intelligence, Information Processing, Medical Care and Linguistics. In this paper, we present a new approach for semantic similarity measuring which is based on edge-counting and information content theory. Specifically, the proposed measure nonlinearly transforms the weighted shortest path length between the compared concepts to achieve the semantic similarity results, and the relation between parameters and the correlation value is discussed in detail. Experimental results show that the proposed approach not only achieves high correlation value against human ratings but also has better distribution characteristics of the correlation coefficient compared with several related works in the literature. In addition, the proposed method is computationally efficient due to the simplified ways of weighting the shortest path length between the concept pairs.

Three new polyoxometalate-based metal–organic framework compounds [Ag7(3-pttz)4(PMo12O40)]·H2O(1), [Ag6(3-Hpttz)2(3-pttz)2(SiMo12O40)(H2O)2]·2H2O(2) and [Ag6(3-Hpttz)6(PMo12O40)2]·2H2O(3) (3-Hpttz = 5-(3-Pyridyl)-1H-tetrazole) are synthesized hydrothermally by changing the polyoxoanions and the pH values in the same metal–organic system (Ag/pttz), and structurally characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a three-dimensional (3D) Ag/3-pttz host framework with larger channels. The discrete [PMo12O40]3− anions, acting as inorganic templates, are embedded in the channels. In compound 2, the Ag/3-pttz motif displays a two-dimensional (2D) stair-like layer, which is linked by [SiMo12O40]4− anions to construct a 3D framework. In compound 3, the Ag/3-pttz motif shows a 1D ribbon-like chain, some of [PMo12O40]3− anions in a “shoulder-to-shoulder” mode link two ribbon-like polymers to form a 1D “quadrangular prism-like” chains, and the others of [PMo12O40]3− anions bond to chains and become pendants of the quadrangular prism, projecting toward two sides. Therefore, compound 3 displays a scarce 1D “quadrangular prism with pendants” structure. In addition, the electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic activity of compound 1 as an example were investigated.

Two novel chiral luminogens BINOM-CN and BINOP-CN derived from (R)-1,1′-binaphthol (BINOL) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were designed and synthesized. Dicyanomethylene and the substituent of the hydroxyl group have been found to be the key structural element for this unique AIE effect. Meanwhile, these two chiral AIE luminogens exhibit abnormal aggregation-induced annihilation of the circular dichroism (CD) signal, which is ascribed to the decrease of the dihedral angle between adjacent naphthalene rings in the aggregation state. With the assistance of the pyridine unit, BINOP-CN can serve as an excellent sensor for Cu2+. In the presence of Cu2+, the fluorescence intensity and CD signals of BINOP-CN both decreased observably due to its ideal coordination with Cu2+, which was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Moreover, the addition of Cu2+ can induce the self-assembly of BINOP-CN.

Proteins secreted by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, a root-associated plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, are thought to play an important role in the establishment of beneficial interactions with plants. To investigate the possible role of proteins in this process, extracellular proteome maps of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 during the late exponential and stationary growth phases were generated using 2D gel electrophoresis. Out of the 121 proteins identified by MALDI-TOF MS, 61 were predicted to contain secretion signals. A few of the others, bearing no signal peptide, have been described as elicitors of plant innate immunity, including flagellin proteins, cold-shock proteins and the elongation factor Tu, suggesting that B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 protects plants against disease by eliciting innate immunity. Our reference maps were used to monitor bacterial responses to maize root exudates. Approximately 34 proteins were differentially secreted in response to root exudates during either the late exponential or stationary phase. These were mainly involved in nutrient utilization and transport. The protein with the highest fold change in the presence of maize root exudates during the late exponential growth phase was acetolactate synthase (AlsS), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the volatile acetoin, known as an inducer of systemic resistance against plant pathogens and as a trigger of plant growth.

Objective To identify the pathogenic gene in a non-syndromic deafness family, provide an accurate genetic consultation and early intervention for deaf family to reduce the incidence of congenital deafness. Methods Mutation analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing of coding region of GJB2 gene. The fetal DNA was extracted from the amniotic fluid cells by amniocentesis at 20 weeks during pregnancy. The genotype of the fetus was characterized for predicting the status of hearing. Results Complex heterozygous mutations 235delC and 176-191del16bp were detected in the proband of the family, heterozygous mutation 176-191del16bp was detected in the father, and 235delC was detected in the mother. Fetus carried 235delC heterozygous mutation inherited from his mother. Conclusions The proband's hearing loss is resulted from the complex heterozygous mutations 235delC and 176-191del16bp in GJB2 gene. Fetus is a heterozygous mutation 235delC carrier. Prenatal diagnosis for deafness assisted by genetic test can provide efficient guidance about offspring's hearing condition, and prevent another deaf-mute member from birth. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.07.09

In poly[aqua(μ3-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ5 O 1,O 1′:O 1:O 4,O 4′)[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cadmium(II)], [Cd(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)(H2O)] n , (I), each CdII ion is seven-coordinated by the pyridine N atom from a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)benzimidazole (3-PyBIm) ligand, five O atoms from three benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) ligands and one O atom from a coordinated water molecule. The complex forms an extended two-dimensional carboxylate layer structure, which is further extended into a three-dimensional network by hydrogen-bonding interactions. In catena-poly[[diaquabis[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cobalt(II)]-μ2-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ2 O 1:O 4], [Co(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)2(H2O)2] n , (II), each CoII ion is six-coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from two 3-PyBIm ligands, two O atoms from two 1,4-bdc ligands and two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules. The complex forms a one-dimensional chain-like coordination polymer and is further assembled by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional network.

The high-strength and novel electronic properties of all-carbon macromolecules, as represented by carbon nanotubes and graphenes, originate from their conjugated all-carbon structures. The synthetic polymers with conjugated all-carbon ladder structures would partially inherit the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes and graphenes. However, such polymers as polyacene (PAC) are particularly difficult to synthesize. In this paper, we demonstrate the facile synthesis of an all-carbon straight ladder polymer from a one-pot polycondensation reaction between hydroquinone and formaldehyde. This polymer could be oxidized and isomerized to a fully aromatic all-carbon ladder structure identical to that of PAC. Such a conjugated all-carbon ladder structure will provide a long-sought-after model for investigations on the mechanical and electronic properties of PAC-like ladder structures. The chain and skeleton moduli of this polymer were calculated to be up to 50% (528 GPa) and 89% (932 GPa), respectively, of that of CNT(5,5) (1046 GPa).

In the CuIIcompoundcatena-poly[[copper(II)-μ-[2-({2-[2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)-1-oxidoethylidene]hydrazin-1-ylidene}methyl)phenolato]] dimethylformamide monosolvate monohydrate], {[Cu(C19H14N2O3)]·C3H7NO·H2O}n, (I), the CuIIcation isO,N,O′-chelated by one ligand and furtherN,O-chelated by a second ligand, and exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment. The ligand acts as an overall pentadentate bridge between two metal ions, thus forming a novel coordination polymer. In the trinuclear NiIIcompound diaquabis(1H-imidazole)bis[μ-2-oxido-N′-(1-oxido-2-phenoxyethylidene)benzohydrazidato]trinickel(II) dimethylformamide tetrasolvate, [Ni3(C15H11N2O4)2(C3H4N2)2(H2O)2]·4C3H7NO, (II), the three NiIIcations are directly linked by twotransdiazine (N—N) bridges and are strictly collinear by symmetry. The central NiIIcation, located on an inversion centre, is coordinated by two water O atoms and is furtherN,O-chelated by two 2-oxido-N′-(1-oxido-2-phenoxyethylidene)benzohydrazidate(3−) ligands in an elongated octahedral coordination geometry. The two terminal centrosymmetrically related NiIIcations are coordinated by an imidazole ligand andO,N,O′-chelated by a hydrazidate ligand in a distorted square-planar coordination geometry. Hydrogen bonds link individual molecules of (II) into a chain along [100].

With increased cyber attacks over years, information system security assessment becomes more and more important. This paper provides an ontology-based attack model, and then utilizes it to assess the information system security from attack angle. We categorize attacks into a taxonomy suitable for security assessment. The proposed taxonomy consists of five dimensions, which include attack impact, attack vector, attack target, vulnerability and defense. Afterwards we build an ontology according to the taxonomy. In the ontology, attack related concepts included in the five dimensions and relationships between them are formalized and analyzed in detail. We also populate our attack ontology with information from national vulnerability database (NVD) about the vulnerabilities, such as common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE), common weakness enumeration (CWE), common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS), and common platform enumeration (CPE). Finally we propose an ontology-based framework for security assessment of network and computer systems, and describe the utilization of ontology in the security assessment and the method for evaluating attack effect on the system when it is under attack.

As the informationization of the medicare sector in China grows up and the sources of the rehabilitation data are distributed and multi-leveled from different centers, it is urgently needed to integrate the resources of various application systems, implement unified data exchange of the distributed and heterogeneous multiple data sources and encapsulate the data resources into various kinds of services. For this purpose, this paper puts forward the idea of SOA-based cloud services encapsulation and integrated architecture. At first, the multi-source and heterogeneity of data and the integration of information in the rehabilitation management are analyzed. Then, the cloud services encapsulation and integration technology is study to find out how to encapsulate data resources into various kinds of services, build a SOA-based cloud services platform, find a solution for the integration of multi-sourced and heterogeneous data, and meet the function extension, encapsulation and release of cloud services arising out of changing demands. At last, A case of the cloud platform system is presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the architecture platform.

With the accelerated urbanization process and the improving of peoples living standard, China's building energy consumption shows rigid growth trend. Under the promotion of industrialization, the level of energy efficiency of industrial sector goes up fast, while the energy conservation potential in industrial field declines, building energy efficiency turns out to be the key to accomplish this goal. This paper analyzes in depth building energy consumption data and brings up the methods of creating the building energy consumption and conservation models. Through measurement of building energy consumption in subentry, the data of building materials, construction, equipments and maintenance are collected, and the building management & control methods are investigated as well. Based on the data collected and investigation results, the linear regression model and decision tree model are created. The models can be used to forecast the building energy consumption and analyze the dependency between each statistic. Based on the dependency and the forecast, the energy saving model is created. With the ant colony algorithm being used, the best solution of the lowest energy consumption is found.

This paper analyzes the characteristics and composition of the energy consumption system of the building from the perspective of systematic energy conservation and presents the systematic framework of the consumption model. Based on the framework, the paper focuses on how to establish a building energy consumption assessment system, find the energy efficiency index system and assessment approaches, and apply the results directly into building energy conservation and emission reduction. It not only facilitates greatly the overall and efficient management of the energy consumption system of the building, but also serves as another new approach to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.

This paper, aiming at solving the difficulties of data sharing, mass data processing and others, brings up the cloud-computing-based rehabilitation services system, which is composed of three layers: the core services layer, services management layer and user access interface layer. It also puts forward the MapReduce parallel computing algorithm to solve the mass data processing problems in the system. Through the system, the superior resources can be integrated and deployed collaboratively to realize data sharing and high-speed processing of mass data. In Part 4, the application cases are presented. The establishment of cloud-computing-based rehabilitation services information system is a significant try for the application of cloud computing, and will serve as a meaningful reference for the development of rehabilitation services in China.

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced copper nanocomposites were prepared using a unique spherical MWCNT-implanted copper composite powders. The MWCNTs are homogenously ‘locked’ in the composite and tightly bonded to the matrix, which makes them play excellent reinforcement role on the microhardness compared with the unreinforced pure copper. Although the thermal conductivity is not enhanced for the thermal resistance between the carbon nanotubes and the copper matrix; it is still high enough to be used as electronic packaging materials even the concentration of MWCNTS in the composite is up to 5 wt%. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of the composites decreased apparently with the addition of the carbon nanotubes.

The plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 possess an enormous potential to synthesize a wide range of antimicrobial, antiviral and nematocidal compounds. One of them, the dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin, is synthesized by FZB42 during exponential growth. Here, we have demonstrated that bacilysin is positively regulated by the two-component response regulator DegU at the transcriptional level. In addition, ScoC (Hpr), a transition state regulator, negatively controlled expression of the bacA gene, which is the first gene within the bacilysin operon. Both DegU and ScoC were bound directly at the bacA promoter region. Furthermore, a monocistronic gene located in close vicinity of the bac operon and essential for bacilysin production, ywfH, was also regulated by DegU. Transcription of the bac operon and of the ywfH gene in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 was positively controlled by the DegU global regulator protein. The role of interactions within a ternary complex formed by the antagonistically acting regulators DegU and ScoC as well as the bacA promoter sequence remains to be elucidated.

We compare the thermal conductance of SH mode and mixing mode of acoustic phonons in a double T-shaped quantum waveguide at low enough temperatures by using the scattering-matrix method, and analyze the influence from mode conversion. Our results show that the small changes of the geometric parameters can induce different variation on the thermal conductivity, where the effect of the stub height of SH wave is the strongest. Moreover, the mode conversion plays an important role on the thermal conductivity, especially at the higher temperatures, and the coupling effect between two stubs at mixing mode is larger than that at single SH mode.

Three 1-D reduced molybdenum(V) phosphates, [Ni(OH)2][Na2(H2O)3]2{Ni[(MoO2)6(OH)3(HPO4)3(PO4)]2} · 2C6H14N2 · 2H3O · 5H2O (1), [Ni(H2O)2][K(H2O)5]2{Ni[(MoO2)6(OH)3(HPO4)3(PO4)]2} · 2C6H14N2 · 2H3O · 4H2O (2), and [Cu(H2O)2][Na(H2O)5]2{Cu[(MoO2)6(OH)3(HPO4)3(PO4)]2} · 2C6H14N2 · 2H3O · 4H2O (3), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic analysis reveals that 1 is based on {Ni[Mo6O12(OH)3(HPO4)3(PO4)]2} clusters connected through {[Ni(OH)2][Na2(H2O)3]2} pentanuclear mixed-metal cluster units to yield unusual 1-D chains along the c-axis, which further form 3-D supramolecular networks via hydrogen-bonding. Compounds 2 and 3 are heterogeneous isostructural compounds. Both are built from M[Mo6P4]2 (M = Ni or Cu) blocks as the structural motif combined with [MO4(H2O)2] (M = Ni or Cu) octahedra to form 1-D chains, where M[Mo6P4]2 (M = Ni or Cu) is bonded by [M′(H2O)5] (M′ = K or Na). Furthermore, bulk carbon paste electrode modifi...

Complexation of dysprosium(III) with the heterodonor chelating ligand o-vanillin picolinoylhydrazone (H(2)ovph) in the presence of different bases affords three new dinuclear dysprosium(III) coordination compounds, namely, [Dy(2)(ovph)(2)(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O (1), [Dy(2)(Hovph)(ovph)(NO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(4)]·NO(3)·2CH(3)OH·3H(2)O (2), and Na[Dy(2)(Hovph)(2)(μ(2)-OH)(OH)(H(2)O)(5)]·3Cl·3H(2)O (3), where the aroylhydrazone ligand adopts different coordination modes in respective structures depending on the reaction conditions, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray analyses to be due to their tautomeric maneuver. The magnetic properties of 1-3 are drastically distinct. Compounds 1 and 2 show single-molecule-magnet behavior, while no out-of-phase alternating-current signal is noticed for 3. The structural differences induced by the different coordinate fashions of the ligand may influence the strength of the local crystal field, the magnetic interactions between metal centers, and the local tensor of anisotropy on each Dy site and their relative orientations, therefore generating dissimilar dynamic magnetic behavior.

Mn-doped ZnO (Zn0.97Mn0.03O) nanorods were synthesized by sol-gel method combined with subsequent heat treatment. The structure and optical property of Mn-doped ZnO nanorods were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescence. The results of electron microscopes illuminate that the Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods are prepared at calcinations of 450 under the protection of nitrogen. The Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods are composed of small particles of size 20–30 nm. Fluorescence spectra of Zn0.97Mn0.03O nanorods exhibit that there are two very strong blue emission peaks at 451 nm and 461nm except a strong UV emission at 396 nm.

A single copy of the gfp gene linked with the P(spac) promoter and flanked by the terminal FZB42 amyE sequences was stably integrated into the chromosome of plant growth promoting bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 via homologous recombination. A spontaneous mutant, FB01mut, emitting bright fluorescence was detected among the transformants and found suitable for colonization experiments performed with Zea mays, Arabidopsis thaliana and Lemna minor. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that FB01mut expressed 2.5 times more of the gfp transcript than the original GFP-labeled strain. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of plant roots infected with gfp+ tagged FZB42 revealed that the bacterium behaves different in colonizing surfaces of plant roots of different species. In contrast to maize, FZB42 colonized preferentially root tips when colonizing Arabidopsis. FZB42 colonized heavily Lemna fronds and roots by forming biofilms consisting of extracellular matrix and cells with altered morphology. Surfactin, but no other lipopeptide or polyketide synthesized by FZB42 under laboratory conditions, was detected in extracts of Lemna plantlets colonized by FZB42. Due to its stable and long-lasting emission of bright fluorescence without antibiotic pressure FB01mut is an excellent tool for studying plant colonization under competitive, environmental conditions.

Two novel inorganic–organic hybrids [Cd(ip)V2O6] (1) and [{Ni(H2O)(ip)}V2O6 ]·H2O (2) {ip = imidazo[4,5-f ][1,10]-phenanthroline} have been prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and TG. Two-dimensional frameworks of the two title compounds are constructed from arrays of (V2O6)n2n− oxovanadate chains covalently linked through metal–organic units, {Cd(ip)} and {Ni(ip)(H2O)}. The {M/V/O/N} layers are composed of corner sharing {VO4} tetrahedra and {MN2O4} octahedra. In compound 1, the cadmium ions are bridged alternately by two μ3-O and two VO4 units, generating alternated four-membered Cd2O2 and eight-membered Cd2V2O4 rings, while the nickel ions of compound 2 are linked simultaneously by VO4 and V3O10 units into twelve-membered Ni2V4O6 ring. The ip groups, bonded to the metal centers in the layers, project outward to occupy regions in between the successive metal oxide layers. Furthermore, the adjacent layers [Cd(ip)V2O6]n in compound 1 are linked with each other by hydrogen bonding to generate an interesting 3D supramolecular framework.