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In order to realize the conversion from computer flat knitting machine design pattern to control data, a kind of control data preparation method in development of computerize flat knitting machine is introduced by this paper. This method has five parts, including of PAT data, CNT data, SYS data, KSD data, and FKD data. This paper illustrates the function of all the data documents and data definition, and give the FKD data conversion algorithm. Most existing pattern of design software flat knitting machine process files can be compatible by this method. FKD data conversion algorithm has small burden of data to control system. FKD data transmission is compact and can be quickly applied in all kinds of master-slave type of computer knitting machine control system. This design has applied to computerize flat knitting machine controller with stability of processing data and excellent performance.

To evaluate the clinical effects of over 5 year follow up of unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) in treating lumbar degenerative diseases.The clinical data of 24 patients with lumbar degenerative disease underwent unilateral pedicle screw fixation with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion from March 2007 to October 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 11 females, aged from 34 to 68 years old with an average of 52 years. Postoperative pain and functional results were analyzed by the visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI). Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and general complications.All patients were followed up from 5 to 8 years with an average of 6.7 years. VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain decreased from preoperative 7.82±0.71, 8.42±1.24 to postoperative 1.87±0.81, 2.23±1.62, respectively(Unilateral pedicle screw fixation with TLIF is a satisfactory method and can obtain good effects in treating lumbar degenerative diseases according to over 5 year follow up, however, its indications should be well considered. But the problems such as intervertebral space height of operated side loss and adjacent segment degeneration after unilateral pedicle screw fixation need further clinical study.

Based on the magnetic suspension theory, this paper has proposed a kind of suspension-type jacquard needle driving principle, and designed its 3-dimension model method. By making finite element analysis on suspension-type needles, analyzing the experimental data and designing the structure, we can get the relationship among related parameters under conditions of different permanent-magnet thickness and air gaps, which can provide criteria in theory and application for designing on new needle driving principle, control system and needle.

Taking a half-through concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) tied arch bridge with span arrangement (40m+200m+40)m as an example, this paper make a study of tower’s stability, construction monitoring and control during vertical rotation of the arch rib. Using the finite element method to simulate the rotation construction phase of the bridge by the way of normal erection calculation, the effect of several different factors to the tower’s instability is analyzed in detail. On the basis, we obtained the effective measure to ensure the tower stable. Meanwhile, survey the tower’s stress and deformation to supervise the tower during the rotation construction. Finally control tower top displacement and its foot stress to guarantee the rotation construction of the CFST arch bridge quality and safety.

This paper has proposed a drive theory for magnetic suspended knitting needles based on the magnetic suspension theory. The feasibility of the principles for suspended-driven needle selection of circular knitting machine has been discussed. The mechanical characteristics of needles under different drive conditions, and the stress analysis of electromagnetic force have been simulated with ANSYS software.

The Sn-Co/C composites as novel anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were prepared by solid-state sintering. The influences of carbon black content in Sn-Co/C composite on material structures and the electrochemical properties were investigated. Structure analyses show that carbon black mainly is physically mixed with CoSn phase and could inhibit the growth of grain of CoSn phase, avoid the formation of large particles and increase the specific surface area obviously. Electrochemical analyses show that the refinement of grain size or particle size could contribute to improve the discharge capacity and cycle performance, but the increasing of specific surface area could reduce the charge-discharge efficiency. When carbon black content is 6 wt.%, the discharge capacity reach its maximum, which is 275 mAh/g, the initial charge-discharge efficiency is 52.8% and the retention of discharge capacity is 72.8% after 30 cycles.

High-spin states in 161Er have been studied experimentally using the 150Nd(16O, 5n) reaction at a beam energy of 86 MeV. The relatively enhanced E1 transitions between the 5/2+[642] and 3/2−[521] bands are observed in 161Er, and the B(E1) values are extracted experimentally. The systematics of the R(E1) values in the N = 93 isotones are presented. It is found that the strength of the E1 transitions obviously exhibits angular momentum dependence, and the occurrence of the relatively enhanced E1 transitions could be attributed to octupole softness.

The tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack has important parameters that need to be identified and optimized for the control of high performance. In this paper, a simple SOFC electrochemical model which its parameters need to be optimized is introduced to implement stack control for high output power. A dynamic SOFC model is built based on three sub-models to provide a large numbers simulated data and different condition for optimization. Unlike the traditional parameter optimization method--simple genetic algorithm (SGA), an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is introduced. The proposed method shows more accuracy and validity by comparing the different results using SGA and IGA methods, the simulated data, and experimental data. The models and IGA method are adapted to control processes.

Porous medium is playing an important role in technological advances nowadays. They exist everywhere in nature and were widely used in lots of engineering projects due to their huge internal surface area and ultrafine pore size. These properties allow them to achieve good performances in heat and mass transfer. So, the regenerator of Stirling Engine uses porous medium as the matrix to get higher heat transfer efficiency. In this study, the regenerator of a 55W Stirling engine was calculated using the 1D numerical model to find the most efficient porous media from kinds of options with different structures and different parameters.

In this article, based on least square estimation, a recursive algorithm for indirect learning structure predistorter is introduced. Simulation results show that of all polynomial predistorter nonlinear terms, higher-order (higher than 7th-order) nonlinear terms are so minor that they can be omitted in practical predistorter design. So, it is unnecessary to construct predistorter with higher-order polynomials, and the algorithm will always be stable. Further results show that even when 15th-order polynomial model is used, the algorithm is convergent after 10 iterations, and it can improve out-band spectrum of 20 MHz bandwidth signal by 64 dB, with a 1.2×10 11 matrix condition number.

Ion dynamics in non-perfect quadrupole traps differ from those in a pure quadrupole field. We obtain an analytic expression for a quadrupole field superimposed with weak, higher-order multipole fields. Single ion dynamics in such trapping fields close to the instability point are investigated. We show that for an in-phase octopole field, oscillating envelopes of the axial displacement grow exponentially with the parameter deviation; whereas for an out-of-phase octopole field the growth of the oscillating envelopes follows a square-root law. A hard-sphere scattering model is assumed to incorporate collisions with buffer-gas molecules. The collision frequency and cross-section are defined. A simulation algorithm for many-ion dynamics is developed based on the Verlet algorithm and Monte Carlo techniques. We show how a weak octopole field affects the mass resolution in a significant way.

To study the effect of flavonoids isolated from aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on cerebral damage induced by okadaic acid (OA) in rats.OA was microinjected into the right lateral ventricle of male rats at a dose of 200 ng kg(-1) twice with a 3-day interval between injections to establish a model of Alzheimer's-disease-like cerebral damage. Neuronal morphology was observed with thionin staining and the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and β-amyloid peptide 1-40 (Aβ1-40) were monitored via immunohistochemistry. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured using spectrophotometry.The results showed that OA-treated rats exhibited marked neuronal damage accompanied by increased levels of Aβ1-40 peptide and MDA accumulation, decreased GFAP protein expression and reduced GSH-Px and LDH activity in the brain. SSF at three doses (25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) dramatically reversed the OA-induced changes in the brains of rats.SSF-mediated amelioration of OA-induced neuronal damage in rats provides a rationale for assessing SSF as a means of to reducing tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ expression in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

ObjectiveTo analyze the association between tongue manifestations and the levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TCH), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in subjects with acute cerebral infarction.MethodsHospitalized patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction in the Neurological Department of Xuanwu Hospital were included and the correlation between tongue fur color, fur nature, and the levels of GLU, TCH, HDL-C were analyzed.ResultsHDL level in the thin fur group was higher than that in the thick fur group (P=0.02). The difference in the levels of GLU, TCH, and HDL-C among the groups was significant (P

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (TB) remains to be difficult. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is a promising method for diagnosing TB in low TB burden countries. The release of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by T lymphocytes increases at a localized site of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. This study aimed to examine the clinical accuracy of T-SPOT.TB on pleural fluid and peripheral blood for the diagnosis of pleural TB in high TB burden country. METHODS: 168 subjects with pleural effusion were enrolled prospectively and examined with T-SPOT.TB on pleural fluid and peripheral blood samples simultaneously. RESULTS: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cut-off value of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB was established according to spot forming cells (SFC) between culture/biopsy-confirmed pleural TB group and no pleural TB group. The sensitivity of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB and peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB was similar (96.3% and 92.7%, respectively) (P= 0.691). In contrast, the specificity of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB (94.5%) was significantly higher than that of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB (76.1%) (P=0.002). 2% (2/98) of pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB results were indeterminate. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB is low in high TB burden countries due to latent tuberculosis infection. Pleural fluid T-SPOT.TB is a relatively useful and supplementary test to explore pleural TB in high TB burden countries, but its diagnostic accuracy needs to be validated in further large scale research.

The effects of internal molecular fluctuations on chemical oscillations and chaos are investigated using a lattice-gas model for the dynamics of spatially distributed reacting systems. For limit cycle oscillations, the manner in which temporal correlations develop long-range order as the system size increases is studied. For chaotic attractors the correlation functions indicate the existence of noisy periodic behavior for global concentration variables. These features are explored for the three-variable autocatalator model. The effects of fluctuations on transverse front instabilities in the cubic autocatalysis reaction are also studied. The front instability is investigated in the lattice-gas model, and fluctuations are shown to lead to diffusive roughening of the front below the instability point and, in addition, to modify the cellular structure above the instability point.

Experiments and stochastic simulations are presented as evidence for the convective nature of the differential flow instability, observed in a tubular flow reactor, using the Belousov−Zhabotinsky system as the active medium. The irregular spacing and amplitudes of the traveling wave fronts is characteristic of the noise-induced structures that arise through the convective instability. When recycling of the reactive flow is introduced in the simulations in the form of periodic boundary conditions, the waves become periodic and the instability absolute. The average concentrations of both activator and inhibitor are enhanced in the patterned state, and the enhancements are greater under conditions of absolute than under convective instability.

目的 通过建立小鼠游泳运动疲劳模型，探讨补阳还五汤（ BYHWT ）对运动性疲劳小鼠骨骼肌线粒体超微结构及蛋白 AMPK 表达的影响。方法 实验选用健康雄性清洁级 SD 小鼠 48 只，随机均分为对照组和补阳还五汤低、中、高剂量组，每组 12 只。常规饲料喂养外， BYHWT 低、中、高剂量组分别给予 12.5 ｇ /kg 、 25.0 ｇ /kg 、 50.0 ｇ /kg 的 BYHWT 灌胃，对照组给予等量生理盐水，连续给药 7 天，采用负重游泳实验建立小鼠力竭模型。用透射电镜观察骨骼肌细胞线粒体超微结构， Real-time PCR 法测定骨骼肌 AMPK 蛋白表达。结果 运动性疲劳小鼠骨骼肌线粒体数量明显减少，线粒体空泡样变，嵴断裂显著，核染色质浓缩边集、核缩小、核膜增厚，而补阳还五汤药物干预后，骨骼肌线粒体形态趋于正常；模型组大鼠骨骼肌组织 AMPK 蛋白表达水平较正常对照组、补阳还五汤组明显降低，差异有显著性（ P ＜ 0.05 ），而正常对照组和补阳还五汤组间差异无显著性（ P ＞ 0.05 ）。结论 补阳还五汤具有一定的抗运动性疲劳作用，其机制可能与其减少线粒体损伤，增强线粒体功能，增加骨骼肌 AMPK 蛋白表达有关。

To discuss the correlation of tongue manifestation with the site of cerebral infarction in patients with acute cerebral infarction. From March 2008 to February 2009, 200 cases of hospitalized patients with first unilateral cerebral infarction were chosen in the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital. The correlation of different tongue color, fur texture, fur color with the site of cerebral infarction was analyzed. The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between different tongue color by Chisquare test (P=0.314), and further correspondence analysis demonstrated that there was correlation between red tongue and cortical-subcortical infarction group. The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between thick fur group and thin fur group, cortical-subcortical infarction occurred more frequently in the former (P=0.0008). The site of cerebral infarction in patients were compared between dry fur group, moist fur group and smooth fur group, correspondence analysis demonstrated there was correlation between dry fur and cortical-subcortical group. The site of cerebral infarction in the patients were compared between white fur group, white-yellow fur group and yellow fur group (P=0.010), and correspondence analysis demonstrated there was correlation between white fur and brainstem infarction; white-yellow fur has relationship with cortical infarction; subcortical infarction was weakly related with white-yellow fur; there was closer relationship between yellow fur and cortical-subcortical infarction. The change of tongue manifestation was associated with the site of cerebral infarction in patients, providing a new combining site for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases by integrative medicine.

To evaluate the value of wavelet index (WLI) in general anesthesia through a comparison of WLI with bispectral index (BIS).A total of 53 patients scheduled for elective surgery with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I-II were selected to undergo general anesthesia. The monitoring probes of BIS, WLI and muscle relaxation were connected in awaking patients. The values of WLI and BIS were recorded at 10 min (T₁) entering OR (operating room), immediate before anesthesia induction (T₂), when the OAA/S (observer's assessment of alertness/sedation) score declined gradually to 5(T₃), 4(T₄), 3(T₅), 2(T₆), 1(T₇) after the infusion of propofol, after vecuronium given when the TOF value decreased to 100 (T₈), 75(T₉), 50 (T₁₀), 25 (T₁₁), 0 (T₁₂) after the injection of vecuronium, tracheal intubation (T₁₃), 1 min (T₁₄), 3 min (T₁₅) and 5 min (T₁₆) after the completion of tracheal intubation, immediate before initiating surgical procedure (T₁₇), beginning the operation (T₁₈), 1 min (T₁₉), 3 min (T₂₀), 5 min (T₂₁) post-operation, skin suturing (T₂₂), end of surgery (T₂₃), tracheal extubation (T₂₄), 1 min (T₂₅) and 5 min (T₂₆)cd post-extubation, immediate before exiting OR (T₂₇).The value of WLI at T₁₀-T₁₃, T₂₂-T₂₇ was more than BIS (P0.05). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that WLI was accepted comparing with BIS during the period of anesthesia. The bias was -2.99, 95% limits of agreement -29.97% to 21.56%. The correlation coefficients of OAA/S score with BIS and WLI were: r(BIS) = 0.884, r(WLI) = 0.757 (P = 0.000).WLI index is feasible for monitoring the depth of general anesthesia.

To study the mortality and risk of death on dementia among ageing population.A random sample including 2788 elderly residents was studied. Dementia was diagnosed under the two-phase procedure in 1997. In phase 1, questionnaire was administered, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tested. In phase 2, all the elderly who showed low MMSE score and some with normal MMSE score, were examined by neurologists. The clinical diagnosis of dementia was set up by two neurologists according to the criteria of DSM-III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA. The same sample was followed up in 2000 and 2004 the same way and data on deaths and causes was gathered. The overall time for follow-up was 7.25 years.171 cases with dementia were diagnosed from 2788 subjects in 1997, with a crude death rate (CDR) of dementia was 7.8 per 1000 person-years and age-standardized CDR as 5.5 per 1000 person-years. The death rate was increased exponentially with age. In the dementia group, the total number of deaths was 133, with the CDR as 236 per 1000 person-years and the age-standardized CDR as 206 per 1000 person-years, in the end of the survey. In the non-dementia group, the total number of deaths was 680, with CDR as 40 per 1000 person-years and the age-standardized CDR as 31 per 1000 person-years. The difference in the two groups was statistically significant. The hazard ratio (HR) of dementia death appeared to be the biggest in the 60 - 74 - year group than the other groups. Data was analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model after making necessary adjustment on potential covariates with the HR of dementia as 2.181 (95%CI: 1.751 - 2.717). The HRs were 2.524 (95%CI: 1.964 - 3.243) in Alzheimer's disease and 1.859 (95%CI: 1.213 - 2.850) in vascular dementia.The CDR and HR of dementia were higher than the non-dementia group in the aging population, showing that dementia was one of the most important risk factors on death in the aging population.

The effects of internal molecular fluctuations on period-doubling bifurcations and chaotic band merging are studied in a well-stirred reactive chemical system where spatial degrees of freedom play no role. The calculations are carried out using a stochastic model based on reactive lattice-gas cellular automata. Molecular fluctuations arising from reactive collisions are incorporated in the model and the mass-action rate equations are recovered in the mean field limit. Large system sizes can be studied and permit the investigation of the internal noise scaling structure in the periodic and chaotic regimes. For the Willamowski-R\"ossler system the noise scaling exponent is consistent with that found for one-dimensional quadratic maps subject to external noise. The model provides a means to study small, non- equilibrium, reacting systems where fluctuations may not be neglected.

The effects of molecular fluctuations on chemical oscillations and chaos are investigated. The calculations are carried out using a reactive lattice‐gas automaton which provides a mesoscopic description of the reactive dynamics. A specific chemical model, the Willamowski–Rossler reaction, is used to illustrate the effects. The applicability of mass‐action rate laws and reaction‐diffusion equations are considered and the character of the fluctuations in various dynamical regimes for both spatially‐distributed and spatially‐homogeneous systems are examined. The work provides information on the molecular origin of macroscopic, self‐organized structures in far‐from‐equilibrium reacting systems.

Our studies on noise-induced transitions and projected dynamics in bistable chemical reactions are reviewed. We show that the noise-induced barrier crossing rates are determined by the time-dependent rate kernels that evolve according to projected dynamics. The rate kernels behave differently for projected and ordinary dynamics when barrier-crossing processes are fast. The validity of a phenomenological rate law description is discussed and rate coefficients for some chemically reacting systems are computed.

The effects of internal noise on chaotic and periodic dynamics of a chemical system are investigated. Calculations are carried out for a mesoscopic model of the Williamowski-R\"ossler reaction, a mass-action model that displays deterministic chemical chaos. The model incorporates internal fluctuations that arise from the reactive and diffusion processes in the system. The character of noisy dynamics is analyzed and questions related to the validity of deterministic models in the chaotic regime are discussed. The interplay among spatial degrees of freedom, system size, and internal fluctuations are studied for this chaotic dynamical system.

To study the incidence of dementia and its risk factors among the elderly living in the community of Beijing.A sample of 2788 elderly residents from Beijing were investigated regarding the incidence of dementia which was diagnosed using two-stage method in 1997. In the first stage, questionnaire was filled, including MMSE checked up. In the second stage, all the elderly who had lower MMSE score and some with normal MMSE score were examined by neurologists. The clinical diagnosis of dementia was set up by two neurologists according to the criteria of DSM-III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA. The same sample was followed up on 2000 and 2004 by the same way, with the overall time for following-up as 7.25 years.171 dementias cases were diagnosed among the 2788 elderly in 1997. At the end of the survey, another 180 new cases developed. The average weighted incidence was 0.84/100 person year, adjusted by age (it's same followed), with 0.64/100 person year in males and 1.01/100 person years in females. The incidence of vascular dementia was 0.35/100 person years, with male as 0.39/100 person year and female as 0.32/100 person years. The incidence of dementia was increasing with age, but decreasing with time of education by Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis. Old age and illiterate appeared to be the risk factors for dementia. People with stroke history and elevated systolic blood pressure were risk factors for vascular dementia.The incidence of dementia in the elderly in Beijing was higher than in other areas of China. Old age and illiterate were risk factors for dementia. Being male, illiterate, with stroke history and elevated systolic blood pressure were risk factors for vascular dementia.

Aimed at the problem of high failure rate in the tension control system of traditional circular knitting machine, this paper proposes and develops a kind of embedded yarn tension control system. Systematically study the causes of different failures in yarn tension control system and analysis the influencing reliability factors of real-time control system by FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method, built system fault tree with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, work out the minimal cut set of system and estimate the occurrence probability of the top event. Figure out specific improvement measure and provide reference to enhance the system reliability. The improved tension control system is running steadily in the experiments, and analyzes the result turns to be beneficial to improve the reliability.

To explore the protective mechanism of BuYangHuanWu recipe on neurofunction in gerbils with cerebral ischemia- reperfusion.Gerbils (n = 48) were divided randomly into three groups: animal model group, BuYangHuanWu recipe group, and sham control group. The animal model of cerebral ischemia was established using bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by unclamp 45 min after occlusion. The microcirculation was observed with a Laser Doppler. The density of microvascular was measured using Tannic acid ferric chloride mordant dyeing. The BBB (blood brain barrier) permeability was assessed using evan's blue (EB) dye. The water content in brain tissues was tested with wet and dry method. The learning and memory function test was performed with a 4-PTT dry path maze.Compared with the animal model group, BuYangHuanWu recipe increased blood flow in the hippocampal region at 1 and 5 min after occlusion, inhibited hypoperfusion at 15 min after reperfusion, increased blood flow at 30, 60 and 120 min after reperfusion. Meanwhile, BuYangHuanWu recipe inhibited the increase of BBB permeability and water content in brain tissues after reperfusion (P0.05). BuYangHuanWu recipe also improved the scores of learning and memory function of the gerbils.BuYangHuanWu recipe protects the neurofunction in gerbils with ischemia-reperfusion through modulating cerebral microcirculation damages.

This paper proposes a PDM design based on the clothing plate-type, and integrates the various different tools and software used in the stages of the product life cycle. So that the data can be used unhindered by the designers, producers, managers and marketers at all stages. It solved the problem that date can only be used in a phase-specific. In this paper, we construct the two three-tier structure based on J2EE and teamcenter to adapt to the different needs of different users. And according to the requirement of PDM implementation, the problems in the process of PDM modeling are researched, Three models in the process of implementation including Plate-type database, the framework of the PDM system based on teamcenter, and server architecture are established, and the report system is developed by the research of the pick-up method of the relative information of teamcenter product. In addition, the paper integrates the existing idea of ERP. The study has some reference value to the digital garment enterprises

To compare different Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) for the auxiliary diagnosis of active tuberculosis.The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with tuberculosis and controls were co-cultured with the following antigens: purified protein derivative (PPD), early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and early secretory antigenic target-6/culture filtrate protein-10 fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10). Spot forming cells (SFC) were enumerated by ELISPOT.PPD-ELISPOT, E/C-ELISPOT and ESAT-6-ELISPOT showed significantly higher SFC counts in active tuberculosis [255(93-526), 148(40-354) and 28(10-116) respectively] as compared to the controls [10(5-41), 10(0-20) and 5(0-15) respectively], u values were 1479.5, 1390.5 and 2510.5 respectively, all P0.01. Compared with the sensitivity of ESAT-6-ELISPOT (62.1%), that of E/C-ELISPOT and PPD-ELISPOT was higher (90.3% and 84.8%), chi(2) = 17.496 and 28.541, all P0.01. Compared with the specificity of PPD-ELISPOT (68.9%), that of E/C-ELISPOT and ESAT-6-ELISPOT was also higher (84.4% and 88.9%), chi(2) = 6.807 and 10.808, P0.05 and P0.01 respectively.E/C-ELISPOT is a promising approach to the auxiliary diagnosis of tuberculosis, but its specificity could be affected by latent tuberculosis infection.

A lattice-gas cellular automaton model for CO oxidation on metal surfaces is developed. The model treats the dynamics of the absorbed CO and O species explicitly and incorporates the effects of surface phase transformations through simple cellular automaton rules. Nucleation and growth processes are observed and studied. Oscillations associated with surface spatial structure are also obtained when surface phase transformations are possible. The model can serve as a basis for more detailed studies of the reactive dynamics of such systems.

On the basis of our previous study on barrier-crossing dynamics in a symmetric double-well potential, we investigate fast rate processes corresponding to barrier-crossing dynamics in an arbitrary asymmetric double-minimum potential. The evolution of the rate kernels is determined by a projected Fokker—Planck operator and its spectral properties are studied. This work provides a deeper insight into the nature of fast chemical interconversions.

We study the barrier-crossing rate processes described by the Bhatnagar—Gross—Krook (BGK) equation in the small barrier regime. The spectral properties of the rate kernels are investigated through a projected BGK equation and the chemical relaxation and characteristic microscopic times are obtained.

The traditional error resilience technique has been widely used in video coding. Many literatures have shown that with the technique's help, the video coding bitstream can been protected and the reconstructed image will get high improvement. In traditional techniques, the bitstream is segmented to packets and the encoder is reset at the beginning of each packet. The initialization will significantly reduce the coding efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new technique to improve the error resilience using concept of disharmony degree in both spatial and temporal domain. This new concept compares the pixels' difference in the spatial filed and temporal field, which helps retain the correctly decoder within the bitstream improving the quality of the reconstructed image. Experimental results show that with the new resilience technique help, the efficiency of error resilience improves the quality of reconstructed image and the detection ratio of error blocks.

To compare enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) and explore their roles in the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis.Totally 123 patients with initial pulmonary tuberculosis (tuberculosis group) and 102 patients with non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease (control group) were enrolled. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all participants were co-cultured with early secretiny antigen target-6/culture filtrate protein-10 fusion protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10), and spot forming cells (SFCs) were enumerated by ELISPOT (ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT). TST was also performed simultaneously.ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT showed significantly higher numbers of SFCs after stimulation in tuberculosis group than in control group (P = 0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT were 91.1% (111/123), 81.4% (82/102), 4.60, 0.12, 0.85, and 0.87 respectively, while the above values of TST were 65.6% (59/90), 45.1% (46/102), 1.31, 0.76, 0.51, and 0.60, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT were significantly higher than those of TST (all P = 0.000). The number of SFCs were not significantly different between smear-positive tuberculosis subgroup and smear-negative tuberculosis subgroup (P = 0.166). The sensitivities were 91.8% (67/73) and 88.0% (44/50) in these two subgroups, respectively, (P = 0.448).ESAT-6/CFP-10-ELISPOT may be a more accurate approach for the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis; meanwhile, it offers certain diagnostic evidences for smear-negative tuberculosis. However, its specificity may be affected by latent tuberculosis infection. On the contrary, TST has poor value in the auxiliary diagnosis of initial pulmonary tuberculosis.

On the basis of elaborating the traditional tension control, a new software design in which digital motol control and digital display used is offered. Simple and effective practical yarn tension controlling system of MCU design is adopted in its hardware. It, meantime, discussed the tension transmission system, specific quantization and the anti-interference problems. The results show that the controller has simple structure, low-cost and great performance.

The onset of chemical turbulence in the 2‐D complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is studied for a class of finite‐amplitude, inhomogeneous, random initial conditions. Numerical simulations on a coupled map lattice corresponding to this reaction–diffusion equation are carried out in order to characterize the nature of the turbulent state. The phase diagram giving the zone of chemical turbulence in the parameter space that specifies the initial condition is determined numerically and compared with an analytical estimate.

The time dependence of the rate kernels that determine the barrier crossing rates of a double-well system with Bhatnagar—Gross—Krook (BGK) dynamics is studied. The rate kernels evolve according to projected dynamics where that part of the evolution which is proportional to the species population numbers is removed. The rate kernels for projected and ordinary dynamics are compared for various values of the chemical and internal relaxation times, and the validity of a phenomenological rate law description is discussed.

In order to explore the risk factors of geriatric depression, a longitudinal follow-up study was conducted on elderly population living in the community so as to provide evidence for the development of depression prevention and control.A sampled population consisting 2506 elderly was selected from urban and rural communities in Beijing, using well-established sampling techniques as cluster, stratification and random selection. Data was collected by trained staff members, using standard survey instruments in 2000 and 2004.Longitudinal study showed that the four-year cumulative incidence of the geriatric depression in Beijing was 10.58%. Difference on were evident intelligence/education, with the rates for illiteracy (15.2%) and primary school (10.5%) significantly higher than that of junior high school and above (5.1%) (chi2 = 26.587, P = 0.000). Rates also varied substantially with place of residence, individuals living in rural areas had a substantially higher rate of depression (15.4%) than those individuals dwelling in urban district (6.1%) (chi2 = 31.163, P = 0.000). Poor self-rated health condition (chi2 = 23.385, P = 0.000), cognitive impairment (chi2 = 11.947, P = 0.001) and limitations in physical functioning (ADL: chi2 = 15.930, P = 0.000; IADL: chi2 = 9.501, P = 0.002) were related to the worsening of depressive symptoms. Results from logistic regression analysis indicated that education level, dwelling area, self-rated health condition and ADL were the independent risk factors.Lower educational level, dwelling situation, poor self-rated health condition as well as ADL damage might increase the incidence of depression, suggesting more attention needs to be paid to improve somatic function of elderly in order to decrease the incidence of geriatric depression and to improve the prognosis of the disease and the quality of life.

To observe the relationship between coronary and carotid/cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis.Carotid/aortocranial angiography and coronary angiography were performed in 34 CAD patients complicated with symptomatic cerebral ischemia. Patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of arterial stenosis determined by angiography. There were 5 light, 4 moderate and 25 severe stenosis determined by coronary angiography and there were 6 light, 6 moderate and 24 severe stenosis determined by carotid/aortocranial angiography.The extent of coronary artery stenosis was parallel to the carotid artery or vertebral artery stenosis. Twenty-four patients out of 25 patients with severe coronary stenosis had severe cerebrovascular stenosis (P = 0.873). The coincident rate was as high as 92% for patients with moderate or severe cerebrovascular stenosis whose Califf risk scores of coronary artery were more than or equal to 2. The follow-up study showed the incidence of cardiovascular event and cerebrovascular event increased significantly in the patients with moderate to severe coronary and cerebral arteries stenosis and 3 patients with severe stenosis found in both coronary and cerebral arteries died during follow up.The incidence and severity of coronary artery stenosis is parallel with carotid artery or vertebral artery stenosis.

High-spin states in 86Sr have been investigated by using in-beam γ ray spectroscopy with the 82Se(9Be, 5n)86Sr reaction at a beam energy of 53 MeV. A new dipole sequence has been observed and the mixed configurations of unpaired valence nucleons and before the alignment and the configuration after the alignment are assigned respectively. Shell-model and self-consistent titled axis cranking relativistic mean-field model calculations are performed to interpret the rotational structure and the characteristic features of magnetic rotation have been presented for the sequence.

In TDD CDMA systems, uplink and downlink work at the same frequency, which causes interference between them. The interference in uplink and downlink connection is analyzed respectively within a time slot. Adaptive beamforming is used in uplink receiver beamforming. Beam-steering method is used to achieve downlink transmission beamforming for complexity in downlink. From the beamforming gain and path gain between transmitter and receiver, a normalized gain matrix is constructed. With this matrix we propose an optimum power allocation method that satisfies all users' SIR requirements at the minimum transmission power. The power allocation algorithm provides an estimate of the optimum performance of all power control schemes

Power control, beamforming and multiuser detection (MUD) can suppress interference in CDMA systems. In this paper by exploiting characteristic of beamforming and MUD, we propose a new decorrelating multiuser detection algorithm from beamforming gain and correlating matrix. For computation complexity, we further propose an algorithm of decorrelating MUD on clustered users. While beamforming can cancel out most of the interference from users out of cluster, MUD for clustered users can suppress the remaining interference. This algorithm can cancel out most of the MAI and at the same time need much less computation. Simulation results show the improvement brought by this algorithm