Search

The incidence of emergence delirium (ED) is higher in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for the inhibition of ED in preschool children by using probit regression analysis. A total of 140 anesthesia records were retrieved and divided into seven groups based on the infusion rate of DEX:.2,.25,.3,.35,.4,.45, and.5 μg·kg−1·h−1. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAEDS) was used to assess ED in preschool children, and ED was defined as a PAEDS score ≥ 10. Probit regression analysis revealed that the ED50 and ED95 of DEX were.31 μg·kg−1·h−1 (95% CI:.29–.35) and.48 μg·kg−1·h−1 (95% CI:.44–.56), respectively. Probit(p) = −2.84 + 9.28 × ln (Dose), (χ2 = 1.925, P =.859). The PAEDS score was significantly increased in the ED group, and the rate of bradycardia was significantly decreased in the ED group compared with the without ED group (27.3% vs 54.1%, P =.02). DEX can effectively inhibit the ED in preschool children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, however, bradycardia was the main complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When facing massive statistical data, the k-means algorithm is very difficult to satisfy the need of data processing as it lacks an effective parallel mechanism. This paper proposes an improved k-means algorithm (IMR-KCA) to conduct clustering analysis based on medical data employing MapReduce computing framework. Through analyzing the defects of vast redundancy in the traditional k-means algorithms, a selection model is firstly proposed to simplify the computations with multiple clustering centers. Based on several proposed theorems, we prove the correctness of this selection model. Second, this paper provides a method to calculate the distances from extreme points to central points, and the original Euclidean distance is replaced with Manhattan distance. For this simplification, a group of theorems are proposed to prove the correctness. Next, we provide a group of implementation algorithms to complete the parallelism of the clustering computation employing the MapReduce framework. Finally, the experimental results illustrate that IMR-KCA is more reliable and efficient than the direct parallelization of the traditional clustering algorithms based on MapReduce. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We report discovery, phylogeny, and genomic organization of monsavirus. • Phylogenetic analysis revealed the neighboring phylogenetic association with other posa-like virus, based on the conserved replication block of Hel-Pro-RdRp and core RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain, showing significant separation compared with other known families. • The posa-like viruses harbored high amino acid diversity but similar genomic organization including the conserved replication block of Hel-Pro-RdRp, the same order of the genomic coding region, and picorna-like capsid domains. • We proposed a new family, Posaliviridae , within Picornavirales. Posa-like viruses have been detected in the fecal samples of several host species and are considered unclassified members of Picornavirales. Here, we identified genomic fragments of novel posa-like viruses (monsaviruses) in monkey specimens through next generation sequencing and obtained 11 full-length genomes. This monsavirus shared 88.5–89.2% nucleotide similarity with the Tottori-HG1 strain (GenBank accession LC123275). In total, 713 nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified, indicating their persistent evolution during circulation. The genomic organization and phylogenetic relationship of monsavirus were determined. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of the conserved replication block of Hel-Pro-RdRp and core RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain-based analysis of posa-like viruses showed significant separation compared with other known families. Further, posa-like virus genomes possessed the classical replication block of picornavirus in the 5′ part of genome and picorna-like capsid domains at the structural coding region of 3′ part of genome. Based on these results, we proposed the new family Posaliviridae, within Picornavirales. Four genera, which showed 68.6–75.5% amino acid distances but similar genomic organization including the conserved replication block of Hel-Pro-RdRp, the same order of the genomic coding region, and picorna-like capsid domains, were identified. The flexible genomic organization strategy and a large evolutionary scale of Posaliviridae was explicit. This study provides novel information on monsaviruses and important taxonomic data for the family Posaliviridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as a significant pathogen responsible for severe cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aims to delineate the demographic characteristics and analyze the viral evolution of severe HFMD associated with CVA6, thereby assisting in its surveillance and management., Methods: In this investigation, 74 strains of CVA6 were isolated from samples collected from severe HFMD cases between 2012 and 2023. The VP1 gene sequences of CVA6 were amplified and analyzed to assess population historical dynamics and evolutionary characteristics using BEAST, DnaSP6, and PopART., Results: A significant portion (94.4%) of severe CVA6-associated HFMD cases (51 out of 54, with 20 lacking age information) were children under 5 years old. Among the 74 CVA6 strains analyzed, 72 belonged to the D3a sub-genotype, while only two strains were D2 sub-genotype. The average genetic distance between VP1 sequences prior to 2015 was 0.027, which increased to 0.051 when compared to sequences post-2015. Historical population dynamics analysis indicated three significant population expansions of severe CVA6-associated HFMD during 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2019-2020, resulting in the formation of 65 distinct haplotypes. Consistent with the MCC tree findings, transitioning between regional haplotypes required multiple base substitutions, showcasing an increase in population diversity during the evolutionary process (from 14 haplotypes in 2013 to 55 haplotypes over the subsequent decade)., Conclusions: CVA6, associated with severe HFMD, is evolving and presents a risk of outbreak occurrence. Thus, enhanced surveillance of severe HFMD is imperative., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2024.)

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, while the profile of antibody response against the COVID-19 virus has not been well clarified., What Is Added by This Report?: In this study, 210 serum samples from 160 confirmed COVID-19 cases with different disease severities were recruited. The IgM, IgA, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against COVID-19 virus were determined. Our findings indicated that four antibodies could be detectable at low levels within 2 weeks of disease onset, then rapidly increasing and peaking from the 3 rd to 5 th Weeks. NAb decreased between 5 th and 9 th Weeks, and a higher IgM/IgA level was observed in the groups with mild/moderate severity within 2 weeks ( p <0.05), while all 4 types of antibodies were higher in the group with severe/critical severity after 4 weeks ( p <0.05)., What Are the Implications for Public Health Practice?: Our study on the dynamics of serological antibody responses against COVID-19 virus among COVID-19 patients complements the recognition regarding the humoral immune response to COVID-19 virus infection. The findings will help in the interpretation of antibody detection results for COVID-19 patients and be beneficial for the evaluation of vaccination effects., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2020.)