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In this study, a large skewed propeller INSEAN E1619 model with 7 blades working in open water conditions has been numerically simulated by an inhouse URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) code coupled with dynamic overset grid approach. Grid and time-step sensitivity analysis of the propeller model has been conducted and the numerical results have been compared with available experimental data performed by INSEAN aimed to validate the numerical method. Propeller open water characteristics have been compared for models with different scales at given advance coefficient to evaluate scale effect of this high-skew propeller. Non-dimensional pressures on different scaled models have been compared between models with different scales. Results show that propeller’s thrust and torque increase with the increase of propeller scale, which is mainly due to the increase of pressure component. It could be found that the pressure on suction side near the trailing edge decreases with the increase of propeller’s scale.

Pseudomonas veronii is known for its ability of bioremediation of contaminated soils and water. In this study, the 6.48Mb draft genome of Pseudomonas veronii RZ strain was reported which is identified from a Arachis hypogaea plant with bacterial wilt (BW) in Ri Zhao city of China. The p. veronii may have relationship with peanut BW. The studies may be helpful to development new effective methods to control BW.

Acinetobacter radioresistens was widely found in nature and it has been used to biodegrade methyl parathion and phenol for reducing pesticide pollution. Here, we report two draft genome sequences of A.radioresistens LY strain and XF strain which was isolated from bacterial wilt (BW) infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) samples in Lin Yi city and Xiang Fan city of China, respectively. A.radioresistens may have relationship with Ralstonia solanacearum which causing BW. The studies may help to control peanut BW.

To evaluate the effect of computer aided design and computer aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) one-piece zirconia posts and cores for the restoration of defective teeth.In the study, 72 defective teeth of 47 patients who had proper root canal therapy were restored with CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores. All the ceramic crowns were finally used to restore contour and function of the teeth. The defective teeth were divided into two groups on the basis of the teeth defect degree. Group A: 39 defective teeth presented with three or four coronal residual walls, and group B: 33 defective teeth presented with less than two coronal residual walls. During the clinical observation period, the stability, dislocation of posts and the occurrence of fractures in either teeth or posts and cores were assessed and analyzed with a paired t test(α=0.05). Meanwhile shade matching was conducted between the restored teeth and normal reference teeth, the marginal fitness of the restored teeth were recorded according to the standard of United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and analyzed with descriptive statistics.The average follow up was (65.0±4.8) months. During the observation period, the restorations were examined both clinically and with periapical radiograph. No incidence of teeth fracture or posts and cores complications were observed in both groups, and all CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores remained intact with restored teeth. There were no post and core dislodgement or fracture. There was no difference between group A and group B (P0.05). The restorative effect of CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores with all the ceramic crowns were assessed according to the standard of USPHS, and the number of the restored tooth shade matching with level A was 67, and 5 with level B. The rate of shade matching was 93.06%. As the marginal fitness, 64 restored teeth were level A, and 8 with level B. The rate of restorative teeth marginal fitness was 88.89%.CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia posts and cores were successfully used to restore defective teeth and received excellent clinical effect. So, it can be a good choice for defective teeth which need post-cores and crowns restoration.

Nowadays cataract extraction combined intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has become the conventional treatment for cataract. Numbers of IOL exchange after cataract extraction combined IOL implantation have been increasing in recent years. As a non-routine surgery, IOL exchange is normally combined with other surgeries and accompanied by some complications to various extents. Is IOL exchange necessary for all abnomal IOLs? Can IOL exchange be avoided? How to avoid IOL exchange? The purpose of this article is to stress the importance of indication of IOL exchange and how to avoid IOL exchange.目前白内障摘除联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术已成为治疗白内障的常规手段。近年来白内障摘除联合IOL植入术后行IOL置换术的数量有逐渐增多的趋势。IOL置换术作为一种非常规手术，常需联合其他手术，并伴有不同程度的并发症。白内障摘除手术后是否所有IOL异常均需要行IOL置换术？能否且如何避免行IOL置换术？本文就相关问题进行讨论，旨在强调严格掌握IOL置换术的手术适应证。

The over-activation of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway induced by cytokines are closely correlated with tumorigenesis. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) serves as a negative regulator for JAK-STAT, and its down-regulation is involved in the oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer. We aimed at investigating the effect of miR-221 on the expression and proliferation, cycle and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and determine the related mechanism.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to analyze the regulation between miR-221 and SOCS3. The expressions of miR-221, SOCS3, p-JAK and p-STAT3 in normal human pancreatic epithelial cell HPDE6-C7 and pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1 were quantified by qPCR and Western blot. Flow cytometry was used to identify cell cycle and proliferation. In vitro cultured PANC-1 cells were transfected with miR-221 inhibitor or pIRES2-SOCS3. The expressions of miR-221, SOCS3, p-JAK and p-STAT3, along with the cell proliferation or apoptosis, were compared.Bioinformatics analysis showed the existence of binding site between miR-221 and 3'-UTR of SOCS3 mRNA. Dual luciferase gene reporter assay confirmed the targeted regulation between miR-221 and SOCS3. Compared to HPDE6-C7 cells, higher levels of miR-221, p-JAK and p-STAT3 expression, and lower expression of SOCS3, were found in PANC-1 cells, along with the increase of cell proliferation. Transfection of miR-221 inhibitor or pIRES2-SOCS3 remarkably enhanced SOCS3 expression, inhibited the levels of p-JAK and p-STAT3 expression, and impeded the proliferation of PANC-1 cells.MiR-221 decreases proliferation potency of PANC-1 cells and affects JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway via inhibiting SOCS3.

Three kinds of zirconia specimens were made respectively by milling of the prisintered blocks and by three dimensional (3D) gel deposition for in vitro evaluation of their optical translucency under three different thicknesses and their color masking effect on discolored teeth. The study aims for establishing the principle for guiding the materials selection in clinical practice.Ninety A2-colored zirconia disc specimens with diameter of 14 mm were prepared and were divided into three groups (n=30). (1) Group CZ, by milling of the presintered blanks; (2) Group NZW, by 3D gel deposition, without a color masking opaque inner layer; (3) Group NZY, by 3D gel deposition, with a color masking opaque inner layer. Furthermore, each group was divided into three sub-groups (n=10) according to the sample thickness, i.e., 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. The maxillary anterior teeth with severe discoloration, extracted owing to periodontal disease, were collected and embedded. By gentle gridding and polishing a plane, larger than 6 mm2×6 mm(1) The optical transparency of the three kinds of zirconia disc specimens with the thickness of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm was 14.09, 12.31 and 10.45 for group CZ; 19.84, 16.54 and 12.44 for group NZW;14.81, 13.16 and 11.92 for group NZY. In each group, the degree of optical transparency of the specimens showed a clear tendency as in the sub-group 0.6 mm1.0 mm1.5 mm. The TP value of the specimens in the three groups with the same thickness showed a tendency of the group NZWgroup NZYgroup CZ. (2) After bonding onto the polished labial surface of the teeth, the color aberration ΔE of the specimens with the thickness of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 mm was calculated to be 10.77, 9.94 and 8.50 for group CZ; 6.84, 5.89 and 5.29 for group NZW; 4.16, 3.92 and 3.67 for group NZY. In each group, the color aberration of the specimens showed a clear tendency as in the sub-group 0.6 mm1.0 mm1.5 mm; the color aberration of the three groups with the same thickness was in the order of the group CZgroup NZWgroup NZY.In all the specimen groups with a fixed specimen thickness, the optical translucency of the specimen was the highest in group NZW made by 3D gel deposition, and the best color masking effect was obtained in specimens with a color masking opaque inner layer in group NZY, where a thickness of 0.6 mm was sufficient enough for obtaining the ideal color masking effect.

Summary In China, pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, was first discovered from Pinus thunbergii in 1982. Thus far, 14 species in the genus Pinus have been reported to be infected by PWN under natural conditions. Pinus yunnanensis, a pine species native to south-western China, is considered a pioneer tree for barren hill afforestation in areas undergoing rocky desertification. In this study, we detected PWN in dead P. yunnanensis trees in Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China, using both morphological and molecular methods. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PWN from P. yunnanensis in China. To investigate the possible origin of this new outbreak, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I and cellulase gene sequences were used to evaluate genetic relationships among worldwide PWN isolates. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype networks revealed that the Anlong isolate (BxChQAL008) sequence was identical to those of seven Chinese isolates collected from Sichuan, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shandong (372–1500 km from Anlong County), but different from the isolate BxChQZY030 collected from the same province (330 km from Anlong County). It is suggested, therefore, that more than one introduction of PWN into Guizhou Province has taken place. The Anlong isolate was likely introduced from neighbouring or more distant provinces rather than from outside China. Moreover, the absence of a correlation between geographic and genetic distance was observed using Mantel test analysis, providing evidence that human-induced dispersal plays a fundamental role in the spread of the PWN in this region.

The acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) is a member of FGF family which is composed of 154 amino acids. In order to explore the functional anti-aFGF single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) expression in eukaryote system and to enhance the binding activity, the functional scFv specific for human aFGF was expressed in tobacco plants via TMV vector mediated by Agrobacterium. The engineered bacterial EHA105: p35S-30B-scFv was inoculated into the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants by needleless injection. Green fluorescence protein was used as a reporter gene and accumulated at the highest level on the 8th day of post-inoculation. Expression of scFv was identified by RT-PCR and Western-blot. The yield of anti-aFGF-scFv protein was reached to 0.5% of the plant total soluble proteins and a fair binding activity with its antigen aFGF was detected.

3 kinds of prescription of Traditional Mongolian (Chinese) Medicine (TMM) have been used in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aimed to investigate: first, which prescription was more effective; second, whether it was more effective when combined with the 3 prescriptions. The DN model was prepared by a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats and treated 3 times every day with P-1 (Sugmul-10), P-2 (Narenmandul-11), P-3 (Xieriga-4) respectively, and combined group was treated with P-1 in the morning, P-2 and P-3 in the evening. The results showed combining with 3 prescriptions in one day was much more effective than each single prescription. The mechanism of renal protection maybe related to MMP-2 and TGF-β1, the conclusion could be useful and beneficial for clinical medicine.

Microscopic experiments were performed on the inner pores of calcareous sand particles to ascertain the special mechanical properties of calcareous sand. A femtosecond laser was used to cut the calcareous sand particles to obtain cross-sections of particle. The micrographs of the inner pores of the sand particles were taken with a three-dimensional video microscopic visualiser. The parameters of the pores were analysed through the micrograph processing with MATLAB. The results show that calcareous sand has relatively low surface porosity. The surface porosities of particles with pore diameter >2 mm and those in the range of 1–2 mm are 0·66 and 1·07% respectively. Based upon the number of pores, the distribution characteristics of the pores show that there are fewer macropores but more micropores in the sand. In terms of the area of pores, micropores occupy a smaller proportion than macropores. It was found that 65% of the pores have area

To observe the esthetic effect of deep discolored anterior teeth restored by zirconia veneers.Small defected deep discolored anterior teeth with complete root canal therapy were restored by zirconia veneers (n=15). The same name teeth on the other side of the same dental arch were chosen as control teeth. The color difference values ΔE of the neck 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the incisor 1/3 between the deep discolored tooth and the normal control tooth before and after therapy were measured to evaluate the esthetic effect of zirconia veneer restoration. At the same time, the marginal fit of zirconia veneers was checked by the standard of United States Public Health Service (USPHS). The integrity of the veneers was also examined.On the labial side, fibers color difference values ΔE of the neck 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the incisor 1/3 between deep discolored teeth and normal control teeth were measured by the electronic colorimeter, which were 24.92±3.00,26.64±4.00 and 21.94±3.31 respectively. All the values were above 4.0, which were considered unacceptable in clinic. After restoration by zirconia veneers, the color difference values ΔE of the middle 1/3 and the incisor 1/3 between the restored and control teeth were 1.82±0.17 and 1.84±0.21. Both values were less than 2.0, which indicated both good color matching. The color difference value ΔE of the neck 1/3 was 3.92±0.48, which was less than 4.0 and could be accepted in clinic. The statistical analysis of the colors of the teeth before and after restoration compared with the control teeth was done by Paired t test. The t values in the neck 1/3, the middle 1/3 and the incisor 1/3 were 30.37, 21.56, 23.37 respectively. In the three group, all the P0.001. There were obvious statistical differences. According to the standard of USPHS, the marginal fit of all the restored teeth was perfect (grade A). No zirconia veneers were broken or detached in the period of observation.Zirconia veneers can be a good method to restore deep discolored anterior teeth. However, it should be used cautiously when the patient's esthetic expectation was too high.

Pantoea agglomerans was ubiquitous in nature and it has been identified as an effective microbial antagonist against fungal pathogens associated with several plants. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of P. agglomerans strain NC which was isolated from bacterial wilt infected peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Nan Chang city of China.

The present work investigated corrosion behaviour of J55 tubing steels and solution equilibrium chemistry of the produced water under simulated CO2 flooding environments at various temperatures. The corrosion rates were calculated by weight loss method carried out with or without one kind of imidazoline based inhibitor in autoclave. Surface morphologies of corrosion product films formed on samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the concentrations of main solution species in experimental produced water were tested. The solution equilibrium chemistry of dissolved CO2 in the produced water was also calculated and analysed. The results indicated that corrosion rate of J55 significantly increased when temperature exceeded 55°C and greatly decreased with the effect of inhibitor especially when the imidazoline based inhibitor exceeds 150 ppm, σ Fe concentration increased with the increase in temperature, especially when temperature exceeded 44°C. The H2CO3 concentratio...

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of technical advancement of radiation therapy in patients with LA-NSCLC receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT).Patients treated with definitive RT (≥50 Gy) between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated and compared among patients irradiated with different techniques. Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) and esophageal injury (RIEI) were assessed according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 3.0 (NCI-CTCAE 3.0).A total of 946 patients were eligible for analysis, including 288 treated with two-dimensional radiotherapy (2D-RT), 209 with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and 449 with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) respectively. The median follow-up time for the whole population was 84.1 months. The median OS of 2D-RT, 3D-CRT and IMRT groups were 15.8, 19.7 and 23.3 months, respectively, with the corresponding 5-year survival rate of 8.7%, 13.0% and 18.8%, respectively (P0.001). The univariate analysis demonstrated significantly inferior OS, LRPFS, DMFS and PFS of 2D-RT than those provided by 3D-CRT or IMRT. The univariate analysis also revealed that the IMRT group had significantly loger LRPFS and a trend toward better OS and DMFS compared with 3D-CRT. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage, RT technique and KPS were independent factors correlated with all survival indexes. Compared with 2D-RT, the utilization of IMRT was associated with significantly improved OS, LRPFS, DMFS as well as PFS. Compared with 3D-CRT, IMRT provided superior DMFS (P=0.035), a trend approaching significance with regard to LRPFS (P=0.073) but no statistically significant improvement on OS, CSS and PFS in multivariate analysis. The incidence rates of RILI were significantly decreased in the IMRT group (29.3% vs. 26.6% vs.14.0%, P0.001) whereas that of RIET rates were similar (34.7% vs. 29.7% vs. 35.3%, P=0.342) among the three groups.Radiation therapy technique is a factor affecting prognosis of LA-NSCLC patients. Advanced radiation therapy technique is associated with improved tumor control and survival, and decreased radiation-induced lung toxicity.

Failure Analysis (FA) consists of fault verification, isolation, defect tracing, characterization and physical analysis. Flash memory is widely used in data storage. High density cell array makes flash memory prone to defects. In this paper, a NOR flash page failure case was studied. The failed page, consisting of 8 word lines and 512 bytes, cannot be erased. Light emission could help isolate the defect location from horizontal level, but could not tell which layer the defect was at or what kind of defect it was. So rigorous failure analysis need to be used to narrow the fault location step by step, and eventually found the failure root cause.

To investigate the effect of combined administration of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 cells and estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells.All the cells were treated with 3-methyladenine/bafilomycin A1 and/or gefitinib. The effect of autophagy inhibitor and gefitinib on the cell growth was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to determine the alteration of autophagy-related protein (such as LC3) and apoptosis-related proteins (such as caspase-3 and caspase-9).MTT assay showed that the IC50 in the GE+ 3-MA and GE+ BAF groups were (4.1±0.2) μmol/L and (3.8±0.3) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(7.0±0.2) μmol/L] in MDA-MB-468 cells (P0.05). Similarly, the IC50 in the GE+ 3-MA and GE+ BAF groups were (9.7±0.1) μmol/L and (7.7±0.2) μmol/L, significantly lower than that of the gefitinib alone group [(14.7±0.1) μmol/L]in MDA-MB231 cells (P0.05). The flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-468 cells in GE, GE+ 3-MA and GE+ BAF groups were (12.43±3.18)%, (23.37±2.71)% and (18.71±2.81)%, respectively. The apoptosis rates of MDA-MB-231 cells of the GE, GE+ 3-MA and GE+ BAF groups were (12.15±1.82)%, (16.94±2.19)% and (33.83±5.92) %, significantly higher than that of the gefitinib alone group (All P0.05). The apoptosis rates of the MCF-7 cells were not changed significantly among the three groups (P0.05). Western blot data showed that the expression levels of LC3 and p-Akt were decreased in the combined groups than that of the gefitinib alone group, while the p-PTEN, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased.Autophagy inhibitor may enhance the sensitivity to gefitinib in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells by activation of the PTEN/P13K/Akt pathway. Apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cells might be enhanced by the combination treatment through caspase cascade.

For the purpose of visualization, several techniques can be used to handle multidimensional data, such as parallel coordinates, heat-maps, projection, and clustering methods. This chapter presents a case study in the field of nanotoxicology and in particular of how large multidimensional data can be visually represented using structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach based on parallel coordinates. The case study includes data sets of 18 engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), each of which was characterized in terms of its physicochemical properties such as particle size, size distribution, surface area, morphology, metal content, reactivity, and free radical generation. In addition, a range of toxicity tests were conducted for the same panel of ENMs to determine their acute in vitro toxicity. More information on parallel coordinate method is discussed in the chapter, so as to give the reader sufficient knowledge to understand the case study.

The general focus of this study is to design a multilevel deep learning model that provides big data analytics and emergency management knowledge. A big data covariance analysis approach has been used to find multilevel representations of data based on prior knowledge from large scale power systems. For purpose of meeting requirements of incremental knowledge discovery, an adaptive regression algorithm is presented. Given the multilevel operating status and development trend of power system, the emergency management techniques are then proposed to produce intelligent decision making support. In this paper, a multilevel clustered hidden Markov model based global optimization approach is considered for power system emergency management problem, which is an extension of the conventional optimal power flow problem. The objective is defined to generate operation mode that minimizes multilevel cost while satisfying different constraints. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach, this paper carefully compared the discriminatory power of knowledge discovery models that utilize deep learning with dimensionality reduction based method and machine learning without dimensionality reduction based method. The experimental results showed that the proposed multilevel deep learning approach consistently outperformed the traditional machine learning method. The emergency management of large scale power system may also benefit from the modified hidden Markov model and global optimization.

To measure mechanical properties of three groups of independently synthesized dental composite resins reinforced by different diameter nanodiamond (ND) clusters, γ-MPS modified ND (100, 220, 500nm) was added to a mixed resin matrix. Then flexural strength and elastic modulus were characterized for each resin. Mechanical properties of R-100 were significantly lower than that of the other two groups, while R-220 and R-500 presented relatively higher values except at 0.25% content. Results show that different diameter ND has different effects on mechanical properties of dental composite resin. ND of 220 and 500 nm performed better than of 100 nm.

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, gross energy, phosphorus and amino acids in Peruvian fish meal, poultry by-product meal, meat and bone meal, spray-dried blood meal, hydrolysed feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal were determined for juvenile snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus) with initial mean body weight of 78.1 g. A reference diet and test diets that consisted of a 70 : 30 mixture of the reference diet to test ingredient were used with 5 g kg−1 Cr2O3 as an external indicator. Fish meal, poultry by-product meal and corn gluten meal had higher ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy among ingredients tested. Dry matter ADCs ranged 61.9–81.5% for animal ingredients and corn gluten meal and ranged 52.2–68.0% for soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Energy ADCs of ingredients followed similar trends to differences in dry matter digestibility. Protein ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 73.6–92.8% and 75.3–85.6%, respectively. Amino acid ADCs generally reflected protein digestibility. Lipid ADCs were relatively high for the ingredients tested. Phosphorus ADCs of animal and plant ingredients ranged 39.5–65.2% and 38.7–57.1%, respectively.

Dairy cows with increased rectal temperature experience lower milk yield and fertility. Rectal temperature during heat stress is heritable, so genetic selection for body temperature regulation could reduce effects of heat stress on production. One aim of the study was to validate the relationship between genotype and heat tolerance for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with resistance to heat stress. A second aim was to identify new SNPs associated with heat stress resistance. Thermotolerance was assessed in lactating Holsteins during the summer by measuring rectal temperature (a direct measurement of body temperature regulation; n = 435), respiration rate (an indirect measurement of body temperature regulation, n = 450) and sweating rate (the major evaporative cooling mechanism in cattle, n = 455). The association between genotype and thermotolerance was evaluated for 19 SNPs previously associated with rectal temperature from a genomewide analysis study (GWAS), four SNPs previously associated with change in milk yield during heat stress from GWAS, 2 candidate gene SNPs previously associated with rectal temperature and respiration rate during heat stress (ATPA1A and HSP70A) and 66 SNPs in genes previously shown to be associated with reproduction, production or health traits in Holsteins. For SNPs previously associated with heat tolerance, regions of BTA4, BTA6 and BTA24 were associated with rectal temperature; regions of BTA6 and BTA24 were associated with respiration rate; and regions of BTA5, BTA26 and BTA29 were associated with sweating rate. New SNPs were identified for rectal temperature (n = 12), respiration rate (n = 8) and sweating rate (n = 3) from among those previously associated with production, reproduction or health traits. The SNP that explained the most variation were PGR and ASL for rectal temperature, ACAT2 and HSD17B7 for respiration rate, and ARL6IP1 and SERPINE2 for sweating rate. ARL6IP1 was associated with all three thermotolerance traits. In conclusion, specific genetic markers responsible for genetic variation in thermoregulation during heat stress in Holsteins were identified. These markers may prove useful in genetic selection for heat tolerance in Holstein cattle. Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2010-85122-20623) Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2013-68004-20365) Southeast Milk Inc.

We investigate one magnetically nonlinear response of antiferromagnetic (AF) films to incident electromagnetic waves, or the reflective optical bi-stability (ROB). Such geometry is used, where the AF anisotropy axis and external static magnetic field both are parallel to the film surfaces and normal to the incident plane. For TE incident waves with the electric component transverse to the incident plane, the ROB of the AF film with the absorption is calculated, but the case of TM incident waves is neglected since no magnetic nonlinearity is induced in this geometry. The bi-stability is completely different in the two resonant-frequency vicinities. Two kinds of bi-stability are found in the higher vicinity, and their features versus incident power are opposite. We also find that there are critical incident angle and critical film thickness for the existence of bi-stability. The bi-stability disappears when the film thickness or incident angle exceeds its critical value. Because the properties of bi-stable reflection sensitively depend on the external field and the incident angle, this bi-stability can be easily modulated by means of changing these quantities.

The influence of temperature and flow rate on the characterization and mechanisms of corrosion product layers from CO2 corrosion of 13Cr stainless steel was carried out in simulated oilfield solution. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization method as well as weight loss tests in autoclave were utilized to investigate pitting corrosion behavior at various temperatures. Weight loss tests were performed at 100 and 160 °C under dynamic and static flow conditions. At the same time, the significant pitting parameters such as Ecorr, Epit, Epp, ∆E, and Ipass in cyclic polarization curves at various temperatures were analyzed and compared for revealing the pitting behavior of 13Cr stainless steel. The surface measurement techniques such as SEM, XRD, and XPS were used to detect the corrosion product layers. The results showed that both temperature and flow rate had significant effects on characterization of corrosion product layers or passive films formed on 13Cr stainless steel in CO2 corrosion system. At high temperature, lots of pits were formed at the localized corrosion areas of metal surfaces. Corrosion rates under the condition of 5 m/s were higher than those under the static condition regardless of the test temperatures.

Metal foams have been widely used as various engineering materials, and their mechanical properties have also been drawing extensive attention. Compression behaviour has been relatively extensively, whereas studies of the behaviour under uniaxial tensile and shear loading are rather limited. The present work is concerned with the problem of the static behaviour of closed cell Al foam in tension and shear. Experiments are conducted according to ASTM standards to determine the mechanical properties and failure modes of the Al foam. It is found that the tensile and shear behaviours, and deformation and fracture mechanisms of closed cell Al foams, differ from those in compression. The slope of the initial loading portion of the curve is lower than that of the unloading curve. As a result, Young's modulus and shear modulus are measured from the unloading portion of the curve.

The global environment is projected to change significantly by the end of the 21st century, mainly as a result of intensifying human activities. Important environmental changes include rising carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere, higher global average temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. As we strive to feed the rapidly increasing human population, it is of socioeconomic and ecological significance to understand the effects of environmental changes on the serious weeds that cause significant crop losses. This paper reviews the responses of 12 of the world's most serious agricultural weeds in response to global environmental changes. The weeds include species of a variety of growth forms as well as C 3 and C 4 photosynthetic pathways. In addition, we used meta-analytical techniques to synthesize the effects of elevated CO 2 on total biomass production for six of the most studied weeds. Our review found non-uniform biomass and reproductive responses to global changes among weeds. Consequently, the injuriousness of weeds to crops is likely to increase in some weeds, e.g., Chenopodium album , but decrease in others, e.g., Sorghum halepense . Because many of these agricultural weeds are also found in non-agricultural habitats, their differential responses to global changes will bear implications on community structure and species interactions in future natural ecosystems.

The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in MSTN and MYF5 genes with growth traits in three Chinese cattle breeds. Only one homozygous animal with BB genotype at MSTN locus was observed in Jiaxian population which was at Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (p

Electrosorption of carbon nanotube and nanofiber (CNT–CNF) composite film electrodes was studied as a new desalination technology. The CNT–CNF composite film electrodes were grown on nickel sheets by low pressure thermal chemical vapor deposition. Different growth conditions at different acetylene flow rates of CNT–CNF composite film electrodes have been performed to obtain different crystallinities. The electrosorption experiments and Raman spectra analysis show the successful removal of ions with CNT–CNF composite film electrodes, depending on the optimal degree of crystalline perfection. In our work, optimal electrosorption was realized for the CNT–CNF composite film electrodes growing at 550°C with the acetylene and hydrogen flow rates of 30 and 200 sccm.

To minimize the risk of laser accidents, especially those involving eye and skin injuries, it is crucial to pay more attention to laser safety. To control the risk of injury, depending on the laser power and wavelength, a number of required safety measures have been put forward, such as specific protection walls, and wearing safety goggles when operating lasers. The direct reflection columnar microstructure can also be used for laser safety. Based on mathematical foundations , a columnar microstructure is designed by the optical design software LightTools. Simulation showed that there is a tilt angle between the emergent and incident light, the incident light being perpendicular to the microstructure, as well as the phenomenon of no direct reflection happened. A novel testing platform was built for the columnar microstructure after it was machined. The applied testing method can measure the angle between the emergent and incident light. The method lays the condition for the further research. It is shown that the columnar microstructure with no direct reflection can be utilized in laser protection systems.

This study aims to investigate the correlation and clinical significance of hormone receptors and the expressions of HER-2 and Ki-67 in breast cancer primary lesions and lymph node metastatic tissues.83 cases were studied, who were performed breast cancer surgeries and confirmed the ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis by the postoperative pathological diagnosis. Immunohistochemical method was used to simultaneously detect the expressions of ER, PR, HER-2 and Ki-67 in the primary lesions and lymph node metastases.ER exhibited the expression concordance rate as 85.5% in primary lesions and metastases, with significant difference (P = 0.039); the expression concordance rates of PR and HER-2 in primary lesions and metastases were 90.4% and 89.2%, respectively, without significant difference (P = 0.289, 0.180); between the Ki-67-highly-expressed primary lesions and Ki-67-lowly-expressed metastases, the expressions of ER in primary lesions and metastases exhibited statistical significance, with P as 0.031.The primary lesions and lymph node metastases had higher consistency, while there was still about 10% patients showed differentiated expression. The simultaneous detection of breast cancer primary lesions and lymph node metastases was still very necessary.

Separated Al x In 1− x N quantum dots (QDs) embedded in amorphous AlN films have been produced by radio-frequency co-sputtering technique on silicon (1 1 1) and quartz glass substrates. The mean size and density of Al x In 1− x N QDs can be conveniently monitored by deposition parameters. Transparent electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction were used to detect the structure of the Al x In 1− x N QDs system; field-emission scanning-electron microscope was adopted to measure the surface morphology and anticipate the size of the QDs; X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy was used to measure the stoichiometric ratios of the QDs.

Polycrystalline silicon carbide ( P-SiC ) films containing SiC nanoparticles and Er were prepared by r.f. reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique with SiC and Er targets on low-temperature silicon (111) and silicon dioxide substrates with the mixed gas of pure argon, methane, and hydrogen. Surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of them were measured by field-emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The peak position, intensity, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra were relevant with Er doping levels and deposition conditions.

Polycrystalline silicon carbide (P-SiC) films containing SiC nanoparticles and Er were prepared by r.f. reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique with SiC and Er targets on low-temperature silicon (111) and silicon dioxide substrates with the mixed gas of pure argon, methane, and hydrogen. Surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of them were measured by field-emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The peak position, intensity, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra were relevant with Er doping levels and deposition conditions.

We prove that if the diameter of a hard-sphere is much smaller than the size of an external potential, the s-wave pseudopotential reduces to the Huang-Yang s-wave pseudopotential. We obtain the first-order virial expansions of particle densities for dilute hard-sphere Bose or Fermi gases in an arbitrary external potential. In the absence of an external potential, the results reduce to the Huang-Yang-Luttinger and Lee-Yang virial expansions. In the quasi-classical limit, the results reduce to the results of the local density approximation.

Tibetans form a population which has resided on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau for thousands of years, and are reported to have less hemoglobin than Han Chinese lowlanders who have migrated to the plateau. However, for various altitudes, detailed comparisons of hemoglobin in the two ethnic groups has not been reported. We investigated the hypothesis that the effects of altitude, age, and gender on hemoglobin concentration would differ between Han and Tibetan residents of the plateau. Hematological parameters for both genders were determined in healthy Tibetan adults (n=3,000) and children (n=332), and healthy Han Chinese adults (n=2,612) and children (n=275), aged 5–60 years living at four different altitudes (mean altitude of 2,664, 3,813, 4,525, and 5,200 m). Hemoglobin values increased with altitude for all ages in both ethnic groups and in both genders. The gain in hemoglobin with altitude had the rank order: Han males > Han females > Tibetan males and females. Even before puberty, Han children had more hemoglobin than Tibetan children. An effect of age on hemoglobin was seen at the time of puberty in men, but not in women. A positive correlation was found between hemoglobin concentration and age in adult Han males and females, but not in Tibetan males, and only at the higher altitudes, in Tibetan females. In both Tibetans and Hans, males had higher hemoglobin values than females at each altitude, but the gender differences increased with altitude in Han, whereas it either decreased or did not change in Tibetans. Examination of hemoglobin levels by histogram showed non-Gaussian distributions: Tibetan men and women had skewing to higher values, whereas Han men and women had skewing in the opposite direction. We conclude that increasing age and the effect of gender in Tibetans are associated with different hemoglobin responses to altitude than in Han, and we speculate that genetic influences may be involved.

This paper reports a study of the distribution of organo-chlorine pesticides (DDT and HCH) between rice plants and the soil system by spraying before the heading stage at four different dosage levels--control, normal dosage (15 kg ha(-1) of 6% HCH and 7.5 kg ha(-1) of 25% DDT), double dosage and four times dosage. Soil and plant samples were taken respectively at the 1st h, 3rd, 10th, 20th, and 40th day after spraying and at the harvest time. The results indicate that less than 5% of HCH and 15% of DDT were absorbed by the surface of rice leaves for normal dosage. Most of both pesticides moved into the soil in solution after spraying. Compared with DDT, HCH was degraded and run off more easily. HCH residues in the surface soil layer (1-3 cm) were already below 6.4 microg kg(-1) at the mature stage, lower than Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Agricultural Soils: HCH0.05 mg kg(-1). However DDT residues in the surface soil layer remained 172 microg kg(-1), higher than the national standard: DDT0.05 mg kg(-1). According to the test f OCP residues in rice seeds, it can be concluded that the OCP sprayed onto the surface of rice leaves can move into rice plants and accumulate in the seeds at the mature stage. HCH residues in rice seeds of the double and four times dosage treatments, and DDT residues in all treatments, exceeded the Chinese National Food Standard (HCH0.10 mg kg(-1), DDT0.20 mg kg(-1)).

The crystal structure of cesium cholate, C(24)H(36)(OH)(3) COOCs has been determined with three-dimensional X-ray diffractometer data. It crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with unit-cell dimensions a = 11.543(5) A, b = 8.614(3) A, and c = 12.662(5) A, beta(deg) = 107.95(2), V = 1197.7 A(3) and Z = 2. The atomic parameters were refined to a final r = 0.0269 and R(omega) = 0.0280 for 2342 observed reflections. Each Cs(+) is coordinated to 7 oxygen atoms from 5 different cholate anions with Cs-O distances ranging from 2.957(4) A to 3.678(5) A. In this crystal, 5 cholates are coordinated with 1 Cs(+), and 5 Cs(+) are coordinated with 1 cholate anion. Carboxyl and all the 3 ring hydroxyl groups of cholate anion participate in binding to Cs(+) simultaneously, and there is no water molecule coordinated with the Cs(+). The pattern of successive rows arranged with polar (p) and non-polar (n) faces in apposition leads to the formation of a sandwich sheet structure with polar and non-polar channels. The Cs ions lie within the polar interior of the sandwich. The H-bond network is reorganized in forming cesium cholate from cholic acid. All the oxygen atoms in cholate anion are involved in H-bonding reciprocally or with water molecules to form an extensive 3-dimensional network of H-bonds. Compared with cholic acid and other similar type of steroids, the coordination structure and H-bonding of Cs cholate crystal are distinct.

2,9,16,23-tetranitrophthalocyanine zinc (TNZnPc)/TiO2 organic–inorganic heterostructures were successfully fabricated by a simple combination method of electrospinning technique and solvothermal processing. These photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, UV–Vis, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic studies revealed that the TNZnPc/TiO2 organic–inorganic heterostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of photodegradation of rhodamine B compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers under visible-light irradiation. Further studies indicate that the photosynergistic effect of organic–inorganic heterostructures can remarkably enhance the photoinduced interfacial charge transfer, thereby increasing the charge separation during the photocatalytic reaction.