Search

Methyl α- and β-pyranosides of D-glucose and D-galactose 1-4 were prepared containing single sites of 13C-enrichment at C4, C5, and C6 (12 compounds), and ¹H and 13{¹H} NMR spectra were obtained to determine a complete set of J-couplings (¹J, ²J, and ³J) involving the labeled carbon and nearby protons and carbons within the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group (CH2OH) of each compound. In parallel theoretical studies, the dependencies of ¹J, ²J, and ³J involving ¹H and 13 on the C5-C6 (ω) and C6-06 (θ) torsion angles in aldohexopyranoside model compounds were computed using density functional theory (DFT) and a special basis set designed to reliably recover the Fermi contact contribution to the coupling. Complete hypersurfaces for ¹JC5,C6, ²JC5,H6R, ²JC5,H6S,, ²JC6,H5, ²JC4,C6, ³JC4,H6R, ³JC4,H6S, and ³JC6,H4, as well as ²JH6RH6S, ³JH5,H6R, and ³JH5,H6S,, were obtained and used to parametrize new equations correlating these couplings to ω and/or δ. DFT-computed couplings were also tested for accuracy by measuring J-couplings in 13-labeled 4,6-O-ethylidene derivatives of D-glucose and D-galactose in which values of ω and δ were constrained. Using a new computer program, Chymesa, designed to utilize multiple J-couplings sensitive to exocyclic CH2OH conformation, the ensemble of experimental couplings observed in 1-4 were analyzed to yield preferred rotamer populations about ω and δ. Importantly, due to the sensitivity of some couplings, most notably ²JH6R,H6S, ²JC5,H6R, and ²JC5,H6S, to both ω and δ, unique information on correlated conformation about both torsion angles was obtained. The latter treatment represents a means of evaluating correlated conformation in 1 ,6-Iinked oligosaccharides, since ψ and δ are redundant in these linkages. In the latter regard, multiple, redundant scalar couplings originating from both sides of the glycosidic linkage can be used collectively to evaluate conformational correlations between ψ/δ and C5-C6 bond rotamers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and advantages of using Fastpass Scorpion suture passer to stitch the inferior capsulolabral complex in arthroscopic Bankart repair compared with traditional arthroscopic suture shuttle., Methods: The clinical data of 41 patients with Bankart lesion, who met the selection criteria and were admitted between August 2019 and October 2021, was retrospectively analyzed. Under arthroscopy, the inferior capsulolabral complex was stitched with Fastpass Scorpion suture passer in 27 patients (FS group) and with arthroscopic suture shuttle in 14 patients (ASS group). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05) in gender, age, injured side, frequency of shoulder dislocation, time from first dislocation to operation, and preoperative Rowe score of shoulder. Taking successful suture and pull-tightening as the criteria for completion of repair, the number of patients that were repaired at 5∶00 to 6∶00 (<6:00) and 6∶00 to 7∶00 positions of the glenoid in the two groups was compared. The operation time, and the difference of Rowe shoulder score betwee pre- and post-operation, the occurrence of shoulder joint dislocation, the results of apprehension test, and the constituent ratio of recovery to the pre-injury movement level between the two groups at 1 year after operation., Results: Both groups completed the repair at 5∶00 to 6∶00 (<6∶00), and the constituent ratio of patients completed at 6∶00 to 7∶00 was significantly greater in the FS group than in the ASS group ( P <0.05). The operation time was significantly shorter in the FS group than in the ASS group ( P <0.05). All incisions in the two groups healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-36 months (mean, 19.1 months). No anchor displacement or neurovascular injury occurred during follow-up. Rowe score of shoulder in the two groups significantly improved at 1 year after operation than preoperative scores ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in the difference of Rowe shoulder score between pre- and post-operation between the two groups ( P >0.05). At 1 year after operation, no re-dislocation occurred, and there was no significant difference in the apprehension test and the constituent ratio of recovery to the pre-injury movement level between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with the arthroscopic suture shuttle, using Fastpass Scorpion suture passer to stitch the inferior capsulolabral complex in arthroscopic Bankart repair is more convenient, saves operation time, and has good effectiveness.

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. Serum levels of GDF11 in esophageal cancer patients were determined with ELISA kits, and the correlation between serum GDF11 and pathological features of esophageal cancer were determined. The effect of recombinant GDF11 on the growth of esophageal cancer cells was measured by CCK6 method. In order to investigate the effect of recombinant GDF11 on the proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells, the expression of apoptosis-promoting protein Bax and proliferative-associated protein Bcl-2 in esophageal cancer cells were determined using western blot. Moreover, GDF11 was used to treat esophageal cancer cells, and its effect on proliferation and apoptosis was determined with MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The serum content of GDF11 was much less in esophageal cancer patients than in the control group. Esophageal GDF II in cancer patients was correlated with cancer differentiation: the higher the degree of differentiation, the higher the content of GDF11. GDF11 inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts as longer than 200 nt in length with a great number of varieties in human genomics, play important roles in the regulation of genetics and epigenetics including gene transcription and post-transcription. Increasing evidence have demonstrated the upregulation of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis and metastasis of esophageal cancer (EC), a type of malignant tumors particularly in Asia. In this review, we briefly discuss the profiles and functions of lncRNAs involved in the progression of EC, which may provide a new approach to improve EC diagnosis and treatment.

Following the biosynthesis of polyketide backbones by polyketide synthases (PKSs), post-PKS modifications result in a significantly elevated level of structural complexity that renders the chemical synthesis of these natural products challenging. We report herein a total synthesis of the widely used polyketide insecticide spinosyn A by exploiting the prowess of both chemical and enzymatic methods. As more polyketide biosynthetic pathways are characterized, this chemoenzymatic approach is expected to become readily adaptable to streamlining the synthesis of other complex polyketides with more elaborate post-PKS modifications., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Background/aims: Esophageal carcinoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and novel treatment modality is required. Although expressing adequate levels of functional tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4/DR5, significant proportion of esophageal cancer cells exhibit resistance to the cytotoxic effect of this ligand. Licochalcone-A (LA), a flavonoid present in a variety of edible plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities., Methodology: Eca109 and TE1 cells were cultured and transfected, then their viability was detected using MTT assay. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analysis and RT-PCR analysis were also performed., Results: In this study, we found that LA synergistically caused the TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Eca109 and TE1 cells. Such potentiation was achieved through inhibiting Akt activation and promoting proteasomal degradation of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) which mediated the survival signals and allow the cells to escape from apoptosis in various human cancers., Conclusions: The combination of TRAIL and LA might be a novel therapeutic strategy for esophageal carcinoma patients who fail to respond to standard chemotherapy.