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Many barriers slow quest for single-chip Ethernet adapter If the ultimate goal of network architects is to integrate all communication with a single standard, the ultimate goal of network hardware […]

The 100-Mbit/s fiberoptic network is winning as a backbone link. But FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is still a long way from its goal of a connection on every desk, […]

The time is the year 2000. The place, the executive suite of an office tower, high above San Francisco. Beyond the windows night spreads across the city, but inside, a […]

DRAM vendors address increasing specialization Everybody knows there's only one important trend in DRAM technology: every few years they get bigger. But lately, the gradual murmur of feature innovation--the force […]

Like species struggling against a harsh environment, 16-bit microcontroller families are seeking out niches where they can survive and prosper. In the process, the chip architectures are diverging from each […]

It started in the mainframe world over 20 years ago. In the late 1960s, IBM was building central processors that could cycle faster than big core memory planes. The architects […]

The latest 16-bit microcontroller chips are faster and cheaper than their predecessors. More vendors offer more architectures, and the permutations of memory and peripherals on the chips keep multiplying. Does […]

RISC chips get trimmed to satisfy embedded applications Embedded systems aren't like workstations. But as the vendors of 32-bit RISC processor chips scramble for design wins, their attention is shifting […]

AT chip sets a mixed blessing for embedded computers This will be the year of the amazing shrinking AT. Chip set vendors, bringing their best submicron CMOS processes to bear, […]

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Winter Soldier (1972) PRODUCED BY THE WINTERFILM COLLECTIVE DVD FROM MILLIARIUM ZERO/MILESTONE, 2006 'These are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot [...]

Abstract Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of altering the ratio of carbohydrate and protein in low-energy diets in conjunction with a popular exercise program in obese women. Design Matched, prospective clinical intervention study to assess efficacy of varying ratios of carbohydrate and protein intake in conjunction with a regular exercise program. Participants One-hundred sixty one sedentary, obese, pre-menopausal women (38.5 ± 8.5 yrs, 164.2 ± 6.7 cm, 94.2 ± 18.8 kg, 34.9 ± 6.4 kg·m-2, 43.8 ± 4.2%) participated in this study. Participants were weight stable and not participating in additional weight loss programs. Methods Participants were assigned to either a no exercise + no diet control (CON), a no diet + exercise group (ND), or one of four diet + exercise groups (presented as kcals; % carbohydrate: protein: fat): 1) a high energy, high carbohydrate, low protein diet (HED) [2,600; 55:15:30%], 2) a very low carbohydrate, high protein diet (VLCHP) [1,200 kcals; 63:7:30%], 3) a low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet (LCMP) [1,200 kcals; 50:20:30%] and 4) a high carbohydrate, low protein diet (HCLP) [1,200 kcals; 55:15:30%]. Participants in exercise groups (all but CON) performed a pneumatic resistance-based, circuit training program under supervision three times per week. Measurements Anthropometric, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), fasting blood samples and muscular fitness assessments were examined at baseline and weeks 2, 10 and 14. Results All groups except CON experienced significant reductions (P < 0.05 – 0.001) in waist circumference over 14 weeks. VLCHP, LCHP and LPHC participants experienced similar but significant (P < 0.05 – 0.001) reductions in body mass when compared to other groups. Delta responses indicated that fat loss after 14 weeks was significantly greatest in VLCHP (95% CI: -5.2, -3.2 kg), LCMP (-4.0, -1.9 kg) and HCLP (-3.8, -2.1 kg) when compared to other groups. Subsequent reductions in % body fat were significantly greater in VLCHP, LCMP and HCLP participants. Initial dieting decreased (P < 0.05) relative REE similarly in all groups. All exercise groups significantly (P < 0.05) improved in muscular fitness, but these improvements were not different among groups. Favorable but non-significant mean changes occurred in lipid panels, glucose and HOMA-IR. Leptin levels decreased (P < 0.05) in all groups, except for CON, after two weeks of dieting and remained lower throughout the 14 week program. Exercise participation resulted in significant improvements in quality of life and body image. Conclusion Exercise alone (ND) appears to have minimal impact on measured outcomes with positive outcomes apparent when exercise is combined with a hypoenergetic diet. Greater improvements in waist circumference and body composition occurred when carbohydrate is replaced in the diet with protein. Weight loss in all diet groups (VLCHP, LCMP and HCLP) was primarily fat and stimulated improvements in markers of cardiovascular disease risk, body composition, energy expenditure and psychosocial parameters.