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Introduction and aim. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a basic metabolic disease of inadequate control of blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is exacerbated, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses both insulin resistance and ß-cell dysfunction. Management of T2DM involves both lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy. To achieve optimized health outcomes, the patient requires adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice, so educating the patients on these diseases is an effective strategy to reduce complications of T2DM. Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023. A total of 200 participants were enrolled with inclusion criteria to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Results. The mean knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was 71.5%, 87.5%, and 40% respectively. There is a significant association between knowledge, attitude, practice questions, and socio-demographic characteristics. Education was strongly associated with having higher knowledge scores (p=0.001). Conclusion. The study's conclusions made clear the necessity of well-planned interventions to raise T2DM awareness among patients with low levels of education. Patients with T2DM may benefit from well-designed educational programs that encourage healthy behavior and these interventions can improve the quality of life of patients in rural region of Tamil Nadu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been substantial research in the United States, Europe, and Australia about factors influencing students' well-being. However, such research has been relatively rare in Mainland China. We administered four predictor scales (School Satisfaction, Self-Concept, Relationships, and Resilience) and three outcome scales (Flourishing, Mental Health, and Children's Well-Being) to 2,756 primary and middle school students in Mainland China. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measured concepts were salient to the participants. Structural equation modeling using MPlus showed that Resilience was a strong predictor of all outcome measures, particularly for Mental Health and Positive Emotional State. Global Self-Concept was the most notable predictor for Positive Outlook, whereas School Satisfaction was the strongest predictor of Flourishing. The results indicate potential areas for school-based competency-building initiatives to promote Mainland Chinese students' well-being.

This paper reports mainland Chinese students' self-appraisals about their psychological dispositions whilst at school. Increasing interest has turned to factors such as resilience, wellbeing, flourishing, happiness and satisfaction, which in turn are predicted to be associated with factors such as emotional stability, achieving personal goals, social fulfilment and quality of life. Such psychological dispositions are developed in conjunction with the influences of social systems such as schools. Although a number of researchers have collaborated with schools to investigate students' dispositions in English speaking countries, similar research in mainland China is in its infancy. This is particularly the case for studies that seek students' own perspectives. We administered a questionnaire about resilience, flourishing, wellbeing, self-concept, school satisfaction, mental health, and happiness at school to 2756 students in Years 5-9 in mainland China. As expected with a non-clinical population, most students reported positively across the various scales. However, dividing the sample into subgroups enabled the creation of stratified visual profiles that showed significant differences between students with different backgrounds, such as gender, age, and mental health. This study illustrates the importance of subgroup analyses to identify potential areas of concern for different types of students, which in turn may inform differentiated school-based intervention programs to support students to flourish.

There is a growing interest in mainland China about schools' roles in supporting students to develop positive mental health. However, relatively little data have been collected about mainland Chinese students' mental health. This article reports a collaborative study, by eastern and western researchers, to translate and administer the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a School Satisfaction Scale (SSS) to students in mainland China. We discuss the possible absence of some western psychological constructs in eastern contexts, and possible cultural differences in the levels of participants' compliant responses. Descriptive results indicated that the mainland Chinese students' SDQ responses were similar to students in comparative countries. Factor analyses indicated that the SDQ needed modification when used with our mainland Chinese sample. Structural equation modelling showed relationships between higher school satisfaction and lower mental difficulties. The study provides baseline data to inform school-based mental health promotion initiatives in mainland China. Broader outcomes are to inform researchers and educators about processes and cautions when using previously validated questionnaires in new cultural contexts. We highlight the need for close east-west researcher collaboration when exporting/importing psychological questionnaires.

Teacher education students' instructional metacognitive knowledge needs to be well developed to promote both their own learning and their prospective students' learning. In this study, we asked teacher education students to provide answers to the question "What happens in my university classes that helps me to learn?" Students identified issues such as supportive classroom environments, teachers' professional and personal qualities, practical activities, reflection, and discussions. Cognitive organisation strategies were not well represented. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling of students' responses identified a perceptual separation between teachers' and students' roles, suggesting that participants' sense of personal agency, shared responsibility for learning, and involvement in a learning community, were not developed in directions suggested by contemporary educational theory. Implications for teaching-learning interactions that have the potential to develop students' instructional metacognitive knowledge are discussed.

This paper describes the application of correspondence analysis to transcripts gathered from focussed interviews about teaching and learning held with a small sample of child-care students, medical students and the students' teachers. Seven dimensions emerged from the analysis, suggesting that the knowledge that underlies students' learning intentions and actions is multi-dimensional and transactive. It is proposed that the multivariate, multidimensional, discovery approach of the correspondence analysis technique has considerable potential for data analysis in the social sciences. (Contains 6 figures and 7 tables.)

Both preventive and therapeutic interventions are necessary for good diabetes management and the prevention of complications. There are serious therapeutic and financial repercussions when patients don't follow their doctors' orders about medicine, nutrition, and healthcare procedures. The current comprehensive review aims to determine factors that have been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and low health literacy, contribute to poor treatment adherence in 2022. Five steps were taken to complete this review: creating a research question, looking for and extracting relevant papers, choosing relevant studies, tabulating data, and reporting findings. Using the terms "Type 2 diabetes", "obstacles", "determinants", "factors", "barriers", "treatment", "medication", "therapy" "adherence", "non-adherence", "poor adherence", and "low health literacy" was gathered from six electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar) from January 2018 to January 2022. Twelve were able to be reviewed from the initial 140 articles. In this review, ten studies have been selected involving 1497 patients with type 2 diabetes. The range of nonadherence prevalence was from 42% to 74.3%. Economic difficulties, inadequate communication with the medical staff, an absence of family support, ignorance, misinterpretation, and low health literacy were major barriers to treatment adherence in the publications. The findings of this study identified both modifiable and non-modifiable factors influencing medication adherence in type 2 diabetes patients. Modifiable factors must be addressed by suitable interventions carried out with the target population and healthcare experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by critical perspectives on embodiment, our article demonstrates how gendered assumptions reproduce and sustain particular bodies. We investigate how bodies are constructed across academic and policy literatures within entrepreneurship and tourism domains. To do so, we conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of relevant entrepreneurship, tourism, and gender scholarship and mapped thematic embodied tensions. These five thematic tensions - visible vs invisible, active vs passive, desired vs problematic, labouring vs redundant, and insider vs outsider bodies – then guided our analysis of tourism and entrepreneurship policy within Wales. Our findings highlight implications of the limited exploration of embodiment in both academic and policy literatures. Moreover, we emphasise the risk that – separately and relationally – current perspectives are epistemically recursive through the reinforcement of idealised bodily subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]