Search

Your search keyword '"Wheeler, James R."' showing total 294 results
Start Over Author "Wheeler, James R."
294 results on '"Wheeler, James R."'

53. High-rate/high-temperature capability of a single-layer zicar-separator nickel-hydrogen cell

Author

Wheeler, James R

Subjects
Electronics And Electrical Engineering
Abstract

A 50 Ampere-hour nickel-hydrogen cell with a single-layer Zircar separator stack design was fully charged and then discharged at a 2C current rate to an end voltage of 1 volt. This extreme test resulted in high temperatures which were recorded at three locations on the cell, i.e., the cell wall, the boss (barrel of the compression seal), and a terminal. The results provide new information about the high-temperature and high-discharge-rate capabilities of nickel-hydrogen cells. This information also adds to the growing data base for single-layer zirconium-oxide-cloth (Zircar) separator cell designs.

Published
1995

54. Unique features of a new nickel-hydrogen 2-cell CPV

Author

Wheeler, James R

Subjects
Electronics And Electrical Engineering
Abstract

Two-cell nickel-hydrogen common pressure vessel (CPV) units with some unusual design features have been successfully built and tested. The features of interest are half-normal platinum loading for the negative electrodes, the use of rabbit-ear terminals for a CPV unit, and the incorporation of a wall wick. The units have a nominal capacity of 20 Ah and are 3.5 inches in diameter. Electric performance data are provided. The data support the growing viability of the two-cell CPV design concept.

Published
1995

55. Assessing the relevance of ecotoxicological studies for regulatory decision making

Author

Rudén, Christina, Adams, Julie, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Brock, Theo C.M., Poulsen, Veronique, Schlekat, Christian E., Wheeler, James R., and Henry, Tala R.

Subjects
Environmental Risk Assessment, WIMEK, Peer-reviewed literature, Regulatory decision making, Relevance evaluation, Data evaluation, Environmental risk assessment
Abstract

Regulatory policies in many parts of the world recognize either the utility of or the mandate that all available studies be considered in environmental or ecological hazard and risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals, including studies from the peer-reviewed literature. Consequently, a vast array of different studies and data types need to be considered. The first steps in the evaluation process involve determining whether the study is relevant to the ERA and sufficiently reliable. Relevance evaluation is typically performed using existing guidance but involves application of "expert judgment" by risk assessors. In the present paper, we review published guidance for relevance evaluation and, on the basis of the practical experience within the group of authors, we identify additional aspects and further develop already proposed aspects that should be considered when conducting a relevance assessment for ecotoxicological studies. From a regulatory point of view, the overarching key aspect of relevance concerns the ability to directly or indirectly use the study in ERA with the purpose of addressing specific protection goals and ultimately regulatory decision making. Because ERA schemes are based on the appropriate linking of exposure and effect estimates, important features of ecotoxicological studies relate to exposure relevance and biological relevance. Exposure relevance addresses the representativeness of the test substance, environmental exposure media, and exposure regime. Biological relevance deals with the environmental significance of the test organism and the endpoints selected, the ecological realism of the test conditions simulated in the study, as well as a mechanistic link of treatment-related effects for endpoints to the protection goal identified in the ERA. In addition, uncertainties associated with relevance should be considered in the assessment. A systematic and transparent assessment of relevance is needed for regulatory decision making. The relevance aspects also need to be considered by scientists when designing, performing, and reporting ecotoxicological studies to facilitate their use in ERA.

Published
2017

57. High specific energy, high capacity nickel-hydrogen cell design

Author

Wheeler, James R

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

A 3.5 inch rabbit-ear-terminal nickel-hydrogen cell was designed and tested to deliver high capacity at steady discharge rates up to and including a C rate. Its specific energy yield of 60.6 wh/kg is believed to be the highest yet achieved in a slurry-process nickel-hydrogen cell, and its 10 C capacity of 113.9 AH the highest capacity yet of any type in a 3.5 inch diameter size. The cell also demonstrated a pulse capability of 180 amps for 20 seconds. Specific cell parameters and performance are described. Also covered is an episode of capacity fading due to electrode swelling and its successful recovery by means of additional activation procedures.

Published
1993

58. Nickel hydrogen battery cell storage matrix test

Author

Wheeler, James R and Dodson, Gary W

Subjects
Energy Production And Conversion
Abstract

Test were conducted to evaluate post storage performance of nickel hydrogen cells with various design variables, the most significant being nickel precharge versus hydrogen precharge. Test procedures and results are presented in outline and graphic form.

Published
1993

63. Recommended approaches to the scientific evaluation of ecotoxicological hazards and risks of endocrine-active substances

Author

Matthiessen, Peter, primary, Ankley, Gerald T, additional, Biever, Ronald C, additional, Bjerregaard, Poul, additional, Borgert, Christopher, additional, Brugger, Kristin, additional, Blankinship, Amy, additional, Chambers, Janice, additional, Coady, Katherine K, additional, Constantine, Lisa, additional, Dang, Zhichao, additional, Denslow, Nancy D, additional, Dreier, David A, additional, Dungey, Steve, additional, Gray, L Earl, additional, Gross, Melanie, additional, Guiney, Patrick D, additional, Hecker, Markus, additional, Holbech, Henrik, additional, Iguchi, Taisen, additional, Kadlec, Sarah, additional, Karouna-Renier, Natalie K, additional, Katsiadaki, Ioanna, additional, Kawashima, Yukio, additional, Kloas, Werner, additional, Krueger, Henry, additional, Kumar, Anu, additional, Lagadic, Laurent, additional, Leopold, Annegaaike, additional, Levine, Steven L, additional, Maack, Gerd, additional, Marty, Sue, additional, Meador, James, additional, Mihaich, Ellen, additional, Odum, Jenny, additional, Ortego, Lisa, additional, Parrott, Joanne, additional, Pickford, Daniel, additional, Roberts, Mike, additional, Schaefers, Christoph, additional, Schwarz, Tamar, additional, Solomon, Keith, additional, Verslycke, Tim, additional, Weltje, Lennart, additional, Wheeler, James R, additional, Williams, Mike, additional, Wolf, Jeffrey C, additional, and Yamazaki, Kunihiko, additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

70. A review of the evidence for endocrine disrupting effects of current-use chemicals on wildlife populations.

Author

Matthiessen, Peter, Wheeler, James R., and Weltje, Lennart

Subjects
*ANIMAL populations, *CHEMICALS, *ESTROGEN, *ENDOCRINE disruptors, *SEWAGE
Abstract

This review critically examines the data on claimed endocrine-mediated adverse effects of chemicals on wildlife populations. It focuses on the effects of current-use chemicals, and compares their apparent scale and severity with those of legacy chemicals which have been withdrawn from sale or use, although they may still be present in the environment. The review concludes that the effects on wildlife of many legacy chemicals with endocrine activity are generally greater than those caused by current-use chemicals, with the exception of ethinylestradiol and other estrogens found in sewage effluents, which are causing widespread effects on fish populations. It is considered that current chemical testing regimes and risk assessment procedures, at least those to which pesticides and biocides are subjected, are in part responsible for this improvement. This is noteworthy as most ecotoxicological testing for regulatory purposes is currently focused on characterizing apical adverse effect endpoints rather than identifying the mechanism(s) responsible for any observed effects. Furthermore, a suite of internationally standardized ecotoxicity tests sensitive for potential endocrine-mediated effects is now in place, or under development, which should ensure further characterization of substances with these properties so that they can be adequately regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

71. Advancing the assessment of population stability as a protection goal in ecotoxicology.

Author

Dreier, David A., Weltje, Lennart, and Wheeler, James R.

Subjects
ANIMAL populations, ECOLOGICAL risk assessment, ENVIRONMENTAL protection, ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, RISK assessment
Abstract

The article explores several factors to consider in determining laboratory studies' population relevance in assessing wildlife population stability as a protection goal in exotoxicology. Topics include the need to ensure the stability of wildlife populations, the use of laboratory studies in ecological risk assessment, and the population relevance of an endpoint. Also discussed are the developments in predictive ecotoxicology and adverse outcome pathways.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

83. Advancing the 3Rs in regulatory ecotoxicology: A pragmatic cross-sector approach.

Author

Burden, Natalie, Benstead, Rachel, Clook, Mark, Doyle, Ian, Edwards, Peter, Maynard, Samuel K, Ryder, Kathryn, Sheahan, Dave, Whale, Graham, van Egmond, Roger, Wheeler, James R, and Hutchinson, Thomas H

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL protection research, POLLUTION, ANIMAL models of toxicology, ANIMAL experimentation, SAFETY research
Abstract

ABSTRACT The ecotoxicity testing of chemicals for prospective environmental safety assessment is an area in which a high number of vertebrates are used across a variety of industry sectors. Refining, reducing, and replacing the use of animals such as fish, birds, and amphibians for this purpose addresses the ethical concerns and the increasing legislative requirements to consider alternative test methods. Members of the UK-based National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) Ecotoxicology Working Group, consisting of representatives from academia, government organizations, and industry, have worked together over the past 6 y to provide evidence bases to support and advance the application of the 3Rs in regulatory ecotoxicity testing. The group recently held a workshop to identify the areas of testing, demands, and drivers that will have an impact on the future of animal use in regulatory ecotoxicology. As a result of these discussions, we have developed a pragmatic approach to prioritize and realistically address key opportunity areas, to enable progress toward the vision of a reduced reliance on the use of animals in this area of testing. This paper summarizes the findings of this exercise and proposes a pragmatic strategy toward our key long-term goals-the incorporation of reliable alternatives to whole-organism testing into regulations and guidance, and a culture shift toward reduced reliance on vertebrate toxicity testing in routine environmental safety assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:417-421. © 2015 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

87. Corrigendum to “Science based guidance for the assessment of endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals” [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 59 (2011) 37–46]

Author

Bars, Remi, primary, Broeckaert, Fabrice, additional, Fegert, Ivana, additional, Gross, Melanie, additional, Hallmark, Nina, additional, Kedwards, Tim, additional, Lewis, Dick, additional, O’Hagan, Sue, additional, Panter, Grace H., additional, Weltje, Lennart, additional, Weyers, Arnd, additional, Wheeler, James R., additional, and Galay-Burgos, Malyka, additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

88. Species extrapolation for the 21st century

Author

Celander, Malin C., primary, Goldstone, Jared V., additional, Denslow, Nancy D., additional, Iguchi, Taisen, additional, Kille, Peter, additional, Meyerhoff, Roger D., additional, Smith, Ben A., additional, Hutchinson, Thomas H., additional, and Wheeler, James R., additional

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

89. Advances in lightweight nickel electrode technology

Author

Coates, Dwaine, Paul, Gary, Wheeler, James R, and Daugherty, Paul

Subjects
Electronics And Electrical Engineering
Abstract

Studies are currently underway to further the development of lightweight nickel electrode technology. Work is focused primarily on the space nickel-hydrogen system and nickel-iron system but is also applicable to the nickel-cadmium and nickel-zinc systems. The goal is to reduce electrode weight while maintaining or improving performance thereby increasing electrode energy density. Two basic electrode structures are being investigated. The first is the traditional nickel sponge produced from sintered nickel-carbonyl powder and the second is a new material for this application which consists of a non-woven mat of nickel fiber. Electrodes are being manufactured, tested and evaluated at the electrode and cell level.

Published
1989

94. REDUCING THE NUMBER OF FISH IN REGULATORY BIOCONCENTRATION TESTING: IDENTIFYING AND OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO USING THE 1-CONCENTRATION APPROACH.

Author

Burden, Natalie, Maynard, Samuel K, Weltje, Lennart, Wheeler, James R, Doyle, Ian, and Clook, Mark

Subjects
BIOCONCENTRATION, GUIDELINES, FISH research
Abstract

The article focuses on a research related to reduction in number of fish in bioconcentraion testing and identification of the related barriers. Topics discussed include bioconcentration tests being conducted according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline, use of 1-concentration approach for the research and amendment of OECD guideline permitting for testing of 1 concentration and guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

98. Species extrapolation for the 21st century.

Author

Celander, Malin C., Goldstone, Jared V., Denslow, Nancy D., Iguchi, Taisen, Kille, Peter, Meyerhoff, Roger D., Smith, Ben A., Hutchinson, Thomas H., and Wheeler, James R.

Subjects
ECOLOGICAL risk assessment, ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis, ENVIRONMENTAL management, WILDLIFE research, POLLUTION
Abstract

Safety factors are used in ecological risk assessments to extrapolate from the toxic responses of laboratory test species to all species representing that group in the environment. More accurate extrapolation of species responses is important. Advances in understanding the mechanistic basis for toxicological responses and identifying molecular response pathways can provide a basis for extrapolation across species and, in part, an explanation for the variability in whole organism responses to toxicants. We highlight potential short- and medium-term development goals to meet our long-term aspiration of truly predictive in silico extrapolation across wildlife species' response to toxicants. A conceptual approach for considering cross-species extrapolation is presented. Critical information is required to establish evidence-based species extrapolation, including identification of critical molecular pathways and regulatory networks that are linked to the biological mode of action and species' homologies. A case study is presented that examines steroidogenesis inhibition in fish after exposure to fadrozole or prochloraz. Similar effects for each compound among fathead minnow, medaka, and zebrafish were attributed to similar inhibitor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic distributions and sequences of cytochrome P45019A1/2 (CYP19A1/2). Rapid advances in homology modeling allow the prediction of interactions of chemicals with enzymes, for example, CYP19 aromatase, which would eventually allow a prediction of potential aromatase toxicity of new compounds across a range of species. Eventually, predictive models will be developed to extrapolate across species, although substantial research is still required. Knowledge gaps requiring research include defining differences in life histories (e.g., reproductive strategies), understanding tissue-specific gene expression, and defining the role of metabolism on toxic responses and how these collectively affect the power of interspecies extrapolation methods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:52-63. © 2010 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results