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Visible-light-based transmission application plays an important role in various types of sensor services for the Internet of Things (IoTs). However, in big data scenarios, current visible-light-based systems cannot achieve concurrent high-speed communication, low-speed communication, and positioning. Therefore, in this article, we propose a smart visible-light-based fusion applications system, named Fasys, to solve the above problem for the big data traffic with heterogeneity. Specifically, for low-speed data services, we propose a novel linear block coding and bit interleaving mechanism, which enhances the LED positioning accuracy and recovers the lost data bits in the interframe gap (IFG). For high-speed data services with traffic possessing burstiness, an elegant statistical reliability analysis framework in regard to latency is proposed based on martingale theory. The backlog martingale process is constructed. Leveraging stopping time theory, a tight upper bound of unreliability is obtained. An arrival abstraction and traffic allocation scheme is designed, which contributes to decouple the reliability requirement as the maximum supportable arrival load. Finally, we implement our Fasys system, and extensive experimental results show that our system can achieve consistent high-precision positioning and low-BER data communication for low-speed data services. And the proposed martingale-based traffic allocation scheme can achieve the provisioning of reliability in regard to the latency for high-speed data services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanum (La) as a rare earth element is widely used in agriculture, industry, and medicine. It has been suggested in several studies that La might influence glycolipid metabolism in vivo. In this study, we used 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes as in vitro cell model to elucidate the effects of La(NO3)3 on adipogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that La(NO3)3 could inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, which showed a decrease in lipid accumulation and the downregulation of specific adipogenic transcription factors. La(NO3)3 exerted its inhibitory effect mainly at the early differentiation stage. Furthermore, La(NO3)3 influenced the S‐phase entry and cell cycle process during the mitotic clonal expansion and regulated the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and expressions of the proteins in phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway at the early stage of differentiation. Besides, La(NO3)3 upregulated the expressions of wnt10b mRNA and β‐catenin protein and promoted the nucleus translocation of β‐catenin. Additionally, we found that La(NO3)3 could promote the growth of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes both with and without MDI (3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine [IBMX], dexamethasone [Dex], and insulin) stimulation. Collectively, these results indicated that La(NO3)3 could inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and influence cell proliferation. Lanthanum (La) as a rare earth element is widely used in many aspects and might influence glycolipid metabolism in vivo. In this study, we used 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes as in vitro cell model to elucidate the effects of La(NO3)3 on adipogenesis. The results showed that La(NO3)3 could inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and influence the cell cycle process during the mitotic clonal expansion. Also, the wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway might be involved in the inhibitory effect of La(NO3)3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNLABELLED:We evaluated whether dexamethasone augments the osteogenic capability of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) and muscle tissue-derived stromal cells (MuSCs), both of which are thought to contribute to ectopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and determined the underlying mechanisms. Rat BMSCs and MuSCs were cultured in growth media with or without 10-7 M dexamethasone and then differentiated under osteogenic conditions with dexamethasone and BMP-2. The effects of dexamethasone on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and also on ectopic bone formation induced by BMP-2, were analyzed. Dexamethasone affected not only the proliferation rate but also the subpopulation composition of BMSCs and MuSCs, and subsequently augmented their osteogenic capacity during osteogenic differentiation. During osteogenic induction by BMP-2, dexamethasone also markedly affected cell proliferation in both BMSCs and MuSCs. In an in vivo ectopic bone formation model, bone formation in muscle-implanted scaffolds containing dexamethasone and BMP-2 was more than two fold higher than that in scaffolds containing BMP-2 alone. Our results suggest that dexamethasone potently enhances the osteogenic capability of BMP-2 and may thus decrease the quantity of BMP-2 required for clinical application, thereby reducing the complications caused by excessive doses of BMP-2. HIGHLIGHTS:1. Dexamethasone induced selective proliferation of bone marrow- and muscle-derived cells with higher differentiation potential. 2. Dexamethasone enhanced the osteogenic capability of bone marrow- and muscle-derived cells by altering the subpopulation composition. 3. Dexamethasone augmented ectopic bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2.