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At present, the key technical researches are carried out for the future exploration missions to dense atmosphere planets such as Jupiter. As a necessary aerodynamic decelerator for planetary exploration missions with dense atmosphere, parachutes face several big challenges, such as complex transonic/supersonic unsteady aerodynamic characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to study deeply and make clear the transonic/supersonic unsteady flow mechanisms around the parachute systems and its aerodynamic characteristics; however, these are still unknown to date. In this study, parachute structure systems are designed based on the Galileo exploration mission. Using the parachute models, the numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the complex flow phenomena and unsteady aerodynamics of parachute systems with different diameter ratios of capsule to canopy, under different freestream Mach numbers. As a result, it is found that when a parachute 2-body model with a bigger diameter ratio of capsule to canopy is placed in transonic flows, the wake of the forebody (capsule) is strong, and the shock wave in front of the canopy is weak. When the canopy shock moves upstream, the pressure fluctuation inside the canopy surface exhibits 3 stages of changes: high-frequency large-amplitude, low-frequency small-amplitude, and high-frequency small-amplitude. It is also found that in the supersonic flow cases, the amplitude and frequency of pressure fluctuations inside the canopy increase significantly, especially at Mach 2.0. This is due to the strong interactions between the shedding vortex of the wake and the shock wave in front of the canopy. However, for the parachute model with a small diameter ratio, the important shock waves in front of the canopy is not observed, and high-frequency and small-amplitude pressure variations remain, which is affected directly by the frequency and intensity of wake vortex shedding. In summary, as the Mach number increases, the amplitude and frequency of pressure fluctuations increase, and the average pressure distribution also increases, and the law of its influence becomes more complex.

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have brought tremendous improvements in the ability to detect plant viruses and have great potential for application in virus routine diagnostics. The performance criteria of an HTS test need therefore to be estimated and compared with traditional virus indexing tests before it can be used in routine diagnostics. In this study, 78 Musa accessions previously indexed for viruses by molecular tests and/or electron microscopy were tested individually or in pools using an HTS protocol based on total RNA sequencing. The analytical sensitivity of HTS and RT-PCR was also compared by independent testing on serial dilutions of RNA extracts. In total, 136 libraries were sequenced in five batches, and the sequences were analyzed for virus detection. The external alien control, a wheat sample infected by barley yellow dwarf virus, monitored the contamination burden and determined an adaptative detection threshold. Overall, the HTS test displayed a better analytical sensitivity than the RT-PCR and a better inclusivity than the classical indexing protocol, as distant isolates and new viral species were only detected by the HTS test. The repeatability and reproducibility of virus detection were both 100%, although differences in number of sequencing reads per virus were observed between replicates. The diagnostic sensitivity was very high, but false positive results were observed. Finally, the results also underlined the need for expert judgement in the interpretation of the results. In conclusion, the HTS test with an alien control and completed by expert evaluation fulfilled the criteria of the virus indexing protocol for Musa germplasm. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

AIM: To introduce a new technique for iridoschisis management during phacoemulsification: “capsule drape wrap”. METHODS: “Capsule drape wrap” technique was used for an 80-year-old man with idiopathic iridoschisis in the right eye during phacoemulsification. The inserted flexible nylon iris hooks to hold anterior capsule in place, the margin of the anterior capsule could act as drape wrap, tracking the fibrillary iris strands firmly from free floating and stabilizing the capsular bags simultaneously. RESULTS: The eye with iridoschisis was successfully treated. Iris fibrils remained immobile during the procedure, and despite the severity of iridoschisis, there were no intraoperative complications such as tear of the iris, hyphema, iris prolapse, loss of mydriasis, or rupture of the posterior lens capsule during phacoemulsification. The best-corrected visual acuity was increased by 0.1 (logMAR) 6mo after the surgery. CONCLUSION: “Capsule drape wrap” for iridoschisis is easily manageable, prevents further disruption to the loose iris fibers and ensures the stability of capsule–iris complex simultaneously, consequently minimizing the risk of surgical complications in phacoemulsification.

Background: Trigger finger is a common hand condition in which a finger is unable to fully extend owing to a thickening of the tendon and its sheath, causing the finger to lock in a bent position. Aim: To assess the viability of carrying out trigger finger surgeries in NHS primary care in terms of clinician and patient acceptance, experience, and outcomes; and operational requirements of this service for wider application. Design & setting: A pilot study for a new service in primary care in Leicestershire, UK. Method: A total of 214 trigger finger release surgery procedures were carried out between 22 August 2019 and 25 October 2022 by a single hand surgeon in a single primary care surgery. Data were analysed using information from SystmOne, which is a patient database linked with the NHS. Results: Thirty-two cases out of 214 (15.0%) experienced a wait time of

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for a substantial portion of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Few studies have considered sociodemographic factors including low socioeconomic status (SES)-which may increase residential crowding, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, or comorbidities-as UTI or multidrug-resistant (MDR) UTI risk factors.MethodsWe used 2015-2017 electronic health record data from 2 California health care systems to assess whether 3 sociodemographic factors-use of Medicaid, use of an interpreter, and census tract-level deprivation-were associated with overall UTI or MDR UTI. UTIs resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes were considered MDR.ResultsAnalyses included 601 352 UTI cases, 1 303 455 controls, and 424 977 urinary Escherichia coli isolates from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) and Sutter Health in Northern California. The MDR prevalence was 10.4% at KPSC and 12.8% at Sutter Health. All 3 sociodemographic factors (ie, use of Medicaid, using an interpreter, and community deprivation) were associated increased risk of MDR UTI. For example, using an interpreter was associated with a 36% (relative risk [RR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.40) and 28% (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.34) increased risk of MDR UTI at KPSC and Sutter Health, respectively, adjusted for SES and other potential confounding variables. The 3 sociodemographic factors were only weakly associated with UTI overall.ConclusionsWe found low SES and use of an interpreter to be novel risk factors for MDR UTI in the United States.

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for a substantial portion of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Few studies have considered sociodemographic factors including low socioeconomic status (SES)-which may increase residential crowding, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing, or comorbidities-as UTI or multidrug-resistant (MDR) UTI risk factors.MethodsWe used 2015-2017 electronic health record data from 2 California health care systems to assess whether 3 sociodemographic factors-use of Medicaid, use of an interpreter, and census tract-level deprivation-were associated with overall UTI or MDR UTI. UTIs resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes were considered MDR.ResultsAnalyses included 601 352 UTI cases, 1 303 455 controls, and 424 977 urinary Escherichia coli isolates from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) and Sutter Health in Northern California. The MDR prevalence was 10.4% at KPSC and 12.8% at Sutter Health. All 3 sociodemographic factors (ie, use of Medicaid, using an interpreter, and community deprivation) were associated increased risk of MDR UTI. For example, using an interpreter was associated with a 36% (relative risk [RR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.40) and 28% (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.34) increased risk of MDR UTI at KPSC and Sutter Health, respectively, adjusted for SES and other potential confounding variables. The 3 sociodemographic factors were only weakly associated with UTI overall.ConclusionsWe found low SES and use of an interpreter to be novel risk factors for MDR UTI in the United States.

Hainanmycin sodium is a new type of monobasic acid polyether antibiotics, which has been widely used in chicken, cattle and sheep and other animal feeds, and it is mainly used to prevent coccidiosis and regulate growth metabolism. The color reaction between hainanmycin and derivative can be detected by UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the derivatives of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and vanillin had the maximum UV absorption at 595 nm and 590 nm, respectively, and hainanmycin had the lowest detection limit after vanillin derivatization. When the derivative agent was composed of 4% vanillin (g/100 mL), 20% hydrochloric acid and 80% anhydrous ethanol, the derivative reaction with hainanmycin solution was carried out at 90 ℃ for 5 min at the volume ratio of 4∶6 (V∶V), and the color effect was the best after derivatization. Hainanmycin showed a linear relationship with the absorbance in the concentration range of 5~50 μg / mL, and the R2 (Coefficient of determination) was 0.993. This method could quantify the hainanmycin content in the premix and feed. The limit of quantification was 4.8 mg/kg in feed, and the recoveries of hainanmycin in feed and premix were 74.5%~93.8% and 83.2%~101.3%, respectively. It can be used as an effective method for the detection of hainanmycin in feed and premix.

Focal vibratory stimulation (FVS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are promising technologies for sensory rehabilitation after stroke. However, the differences between these techniques in immediate neuromodulatory effects on the poststroke cortex are not yet fully understood. In this research, cortical responses in persons with chronic stroke (n = 15) and unimpaired controls (n = 15) were measured by whole-brain electroencephalography (EEG) when FVS and NMES at different intensities were applied transcutaneously to the forearm muscles. Both FVS and sensory-level NMES induced alpha and beta oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex after stroke, significantly exceeding baseline levels (p < 0.05). These oscillations exhibited bilateral sensory deficiency, early adaptation, and contralesional compensation compared to the control group. FVS resulted in a significantly faster P300 response (p < 0.05) and higher theta oscillation (p < 0.05) compared to NMES. The beta desynchronization over the contralesional frontal–parietal area remained during NMES (p > 0.05), but it was significantly weakened during FVS (p < 0.05) after stroke. The results indicated that both FVS and NMES effectively activated the sensorimotor cortex after stroke. However, FVS was particularly effective in eliciting transient involuntary attention, while NMES primarily fostered the cortical responses of the targeted muscles in the contralesional motor cortex.