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Based on the statistical data from the Vietnam Agricultural and Rural Departments and the Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam, the banana growing area, banana yield and total banana production in different ecological zones and some provinces in Vietnam between 2001 and 2012 were analyzed. The results showed that in recent years banana growing area in Vietnam is maintained at about 110000 ha, mainly in Mekong River Delta and north-central and central coastal area with the largest acreage in Soc Trang Province. Total national banana yield has exceeded over 1.6 million t with the highest yield in Thanh Hoa (132900 t). Banana yield per unit is around 16.00 t/ha with the highest in Hung Yen (45.00 t/ha). Compared to Guangxi, banana yield per unit in vietnam is lower. To expand Guangxi banana industry in Vietnam and achieve win-win results in economy and society, more cooperation regarding banana planting and plantlet technique should be arranged among Guangxi and Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present study was conducted in order to further improve the demonstrating serivce capability of Guangxi farmer professional cooperative and promote its positive development. [Method]The demonstrating service capability of Guangxi farmer professional cooperative was analyzed to propose developing strategy based on Guangxi demonstrated farmer professional cooperatives, which were appraised by Guangxi Agriculture Department during 2011-2013. [Result]The results showed that Guangxi farmer professional cooperative presented a rapid development in recent years, its service types presented multiplex development day by day. The service type not only included traditional planting industry and aquaculture, but also involved to agricultural machine, agricultural products processing and marketing, agricultural information service and rural tourism, etc., which are distributed in different agricultural production chains. [Suggestion]In order to improve the demonstrating service capability of Guangxi farmer professional cooperative, some strategies and countermeasures were put forward viz., exploring multi-channel financing to settle developing financial difficulty, strengthening talent construction to enhance the comprehensive quality of farmers, uniting or consolidating the cooperatives to form integrated industry chain, constructing cooperative web site to promote industrial information flow, intensifying local brand cultivation to improve market competitive capability, advancing international development of Guangxi agriculture basing on ASEN agriculture markets, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification of Pneumocysis pneumonia (PCP) after renal transplantation has a great impact on early diagnosis and therapy, which could decrease its mortality. Due to a lack of characteristic clinical symptoms, imaging modalities became very important in the diagnosing PCP. Thirteen PCP patients after renal transplantation were reviewed. They underwent a series of chest radiographs and chest high-resolution CT scans. The common radiological presentations were bilateral diffuse symmetrical ground-glass and consolidation opacities, followed by pneumoceles or air-filled cysts or linear or reticular shadows. Ground-glass attenuations were showed clearly on HRCT in 13 patients, while only 6 on CXR. Pneumoceles or cysts (n = 8) were seen only on HRCT. Air-filled cysts or pneumoceles within bilateral diffuse symmetrical ground-glass and consolidation opacities may be the characteristic of this disease. If combined with clinical data, the diagnosis of PCP could be established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was a meta-analysis of patient data to investigate the therapeutic effects of inclisiran on LDL-C, PCSK9, and TC in patients with atherosclerosis. Authors searched the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for randomised controlled trials. Data of 4,731 subjects from five randomised clinical trials were included in this analysis. Patients treated with the PCSK9 inhibitor inclisiran had significantly lower LDL-C levels than those treated with placebo or a statin (mean difference (MD) -1.477; 95% CI -1.551 to -1.403; p <0.001; I2 = 7.2%). The average level of PCSK9 was also relatively lower ((MD) -2.579; 95% CI -2.694 to -2.464; p <0.001; I2 = 36%). They exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol protein levels ((MD) -1.477; 95% CI -1.585 to -1.369; p <0.001; I2 = 46.7%). Inclisiran reduced LDL-C and PCSK9 levels as well as TC and Apo B levels significantly in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key Words: Inclisiran, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Adverse events, Meta-analysis.

Objectives: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in China. In the IMPACT trial, fluticasone furoate[FF]/umeclidinium[UMEC]/vilanterol[VI] single-inhaler triple therapy demonstrated lower rates of moderate/severe exacerbations than dual therapy with FF/VI or UMEC/VI in patients with symptomatic COPD and a history of exacerbations. This analysis investigates the China cohort and its consistency with the overall ITT population., Methods: 10,355 patients were randomized 2:2:1 to once-daily FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 µg, FF/VI 100/25 µg, or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg for 52 weeks. Endpoints included: annual rates of exacerbations, time-to-first on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation and change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) at Week-52. Clinical trial registration is NCT02164513 (CTT116855)., Results: 535 patients (5.2%) were from China. Annual on-treatment moderate/severe exacerbation rate was 0.81 with FF/UMEC/VI versus 0.96 with FF/VI (rate ratio: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 1.11; p  = .227) and 0.80 with UMEC/VI (rate ratio: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.44; p  = .929). Hazard ratio for time-to-first moderate/severe exacerbation was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.11; p  = .218) for FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.27; p  = .516) versus UMEC/VI. Significant improvements in mean change from baseline in trough FEV 1 were observed for FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI (treatment difference 137 mL; 95% CI: 86, 188; p  < .001) and UMEC/VI (63 mL; 0, 125; p  = .050). Health status was improved with FF/UMEC/VI versus both dual therapies. Results were similar to the overall ITT population. No new safety signals were identified., Conclusions: Single-inhaler triple therapy with FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI reduced the rate and risk of exacerbations, and improved lung function and health status in the China cohort similar to the overall ITT population. No new safety signals were identified.

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an active role in hepatic resection and transplantation. While the effects of protein kinase C (PKC)-βII activation and the role of PKC-β inhibitors are well understood in myocardial I/R in diabetes, they remain unclear in liver I/R. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of PKC-β inhibition and the potential mechanism by which PKC-β inhibitor treatment protects against hepatic I/R injury in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were established and randomized into two groups. These were an untreated group (n=10), which did not receive any treatment, and a treatment group (n=10), orally treated with ruboxistaurin at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The rats from the two groups were subjected to hepatic I/R. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured by enzymatic methods at 1, 3 and 5 h after I/R. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the same time-points. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Apoptosis of hepatic cells was examined by the western blot analysis of caspase 3 expression and by DNA ladder analysis. Pathological changes were examined using light and electron microscopy. Serum AST and LDH levels in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group were diminished compared with those in the untreated group (P<0.01). Serum TNF-α and ICAM-1 (P<0.01) levels were also decreased at different time-points in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group. The relative expression of NF-κB p65 and caspase 3 in the hepatic tissue was weakened in the PKC-β inhibitor treatment group compared with that in the untreated group (P<0.01). Pathological changes in hepatic tissue were attenuated by the PKC-β inhibitor. In conclusion, PKC-β inhibitor treatment protected against liver I/R injury in diabetic rats. The mechanisms probably involved the attenuation of microvascular injury, reduced transport of injury-associated factors and diminishment of the activation of NF-κB p65.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) remains as an important microbial pathogen resulting in community and nosocomial acquired infections with significant morbidity and mortality. Few reports for S. aureus in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) have been documented. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs in China., Methods: A multicenter study of the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in LRTIs was conducted in 21 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and twelve other provinces from November 2007 to February 2009. All the collected S. aureus strains were classified as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mecA gene, virulence genes Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and γ-hemolysin (hlg), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, agr type, and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)., Results: Totally, nine methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 29 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were isolated after culture from a total of 2829 sputums or bronchoalveolar lavages. The majority of MRSA strains (22/29) had a MIC value of ≥ 512 µg/ml for cefoxitin. The mecA gene acting as the conservative gene was carried by all MRSA strains. PVL genes were detected in only one S. aureus strain (2.63%, 1/38). The hlg gene was detected in almost the all S. aureus (100% in MSSA and 96.56% in MRSA strains). About 75.86% of MRSA strains carried SCCmec III. Agr type 1 was predominant (78.95%) among the identified three agr types (agr types 1, 2, and 3). Totally, ten sequence type (ST) of S. aureus strains were detected. A new sequence type (ST1445) was found besides confirming ST239 as the major sequence type (60.53%). A dendrogram generated from our own MLST database showed all the bootstrap values ≤ 50%., Conclusion: Our preliminary epidemiology data show SCCmec III, ST239 and agr type 1 of S. aureus as the predominant strains in LRTIs in Mainland of China.

Objective: To investigate the current status of atypical pathogen associated infections in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, and their clinical attributes., Methods: Clinical data, sputum specimens from acute phase, and paired sera from acute- and convalescent-phases of CAP in 153 adult patients were collected from May 2005 to May 2008 in multiple medical centers. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) IgG antibody, and Legionella pneumophila (LP) mixed IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were determined by indirect immuno-fluorescent assay. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mpn) mixed IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were determined by passive agglutination assay. All the sputum specimens were routinely cultured for bacterial isolation., Results: Fifty-two (34%) out of the 153 cases were diagnosed as atypical CAP per the paired serum-antibody assay. Forty-seven of the 52 atypical CAP cases were infected by one atypical pathogen, 38 with Cpn, 4 with Mpn, and 5 with LP, while 5 out of the 52 atypical CAP cases were infected by 2 pathogens, Cpn and Mpnin 2, Cpn and LP in 3 cases. Eleven cases (21.2%) out of the 52 patients with atypical pneumonia were complicated with bacterial infection. Except peripheral white blood count was significant increased in the group of typical (bacterial only) pneumonia (WBC > 10 × 10⁹)/L, P = 0.03), all the other clinical parameters did not show statistically significant difference between the typical and the atypical pneumonia groups., Conclusions: Our data suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila are common pathogens of adult CAP. Chlamydia pneumoniae might be the most frequent atypical pathogen associated with atypical CAP.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between clinical features of patients with A/H5N1 infection and their prognosis in mainland China., Methods: This study included 28 human cases with A/H5N1 infection in mainland China from October 2005 to May 2008. Data were collected and reviewed from hospital medical records and publishied papers. A database was built by EPIDATA 3.02 and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 13.0., Results: The median age of the 28 cases was 29 years (range 6-62), and 15 were females. Ten patients survived, and 18 died. The typically clinical manifestations of human influenza A/H5N1 infection included fever and lower respiratory infection. The numbers of peripheral white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the survival and non-survival groups were (4.01 +/- 1.86) x 10(9)/L vs (5.1 +/- 2.9) x 10(9)/L, (1.09 +/- 0.49) x 10(9)/L vs (0.98 +/- 0.44) x 10(9)/L, and (116 +/- 39) x 10(9)/L vs (101 +/- 40) x 10(9)/L, respectively; the differences were not statistically significant between the 2 groups (P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the increased serum enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase [(173 +/- 246) U/L vs (272 +/- 263) U/L], lactate dehydrogenase [(1016 +/- 568) U/L vs (1512 +/- 1052) U/L], creatine kinase [(1099 +/- 1590) U/L vs (2534 +/- 4281) U/L] and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase [(28 +/- 30) U/L vs (125 +/- 197) U/L] (P>0.05) between the survival and the non-survival groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients with an initial LDH level more than 8 fold of the normal value between the survival and the non-survival groups (none vs 6, P<0.05). All of the 28 cases developed bilateral multiple infiltrates and consolidation in chest radiographs. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 22 cases, 17 of them died. All the 9 patients with acute kidney injury died. Ten patients received antiviral treatment with oseltamivir, and 6 of them survived. There was a statistical difference in the time of initiating oseltamivir treatment between the survival and the non-survival cases [(6.5 +/- 3.0) d vs (11.8 +/- 3.3) d, Z = 3.70, P<0.05]. Broad spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids were administered in all of the 28 cases. There was no statistical difference between the survival and the non-survival groups regarding to the corticosteroid treatment (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Initial LDH level reaching more than 8 fold of the normal value suggests a poor prognosis for human H5N1 infection. Patients complicated with either ARDS or acute kidney injury had a higher risk of death. Early administration of effective antiviral agents might improve the prognosis and decrease case fatality.

Aim: To investigate the antagonism of LY333531 on the increased permeability of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) induced by high glucose., Methods: The cultured CMECs from rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, high glucose group (25 mmol/L), high glucose+LY333531 (10 micromol/L) group and high glucose+saline group. The permeability of cell monolayer was detected using in vitro vascular permeability assay kit. Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and the expression of PKCbeta II was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot in each group., Results: Compared with normal group, the permeability (400.0+/-20.00 vs 223.3+/-25.17; P<0.01) of cell monolayer cultured in high glucose medium was increased at a higher apoptosis rate (55.00%+/-5.000% vs 2.333%+/-1.155%; P<0.01) and PKCbeta II expression (0.4767+/-0.0751 vs 0.1733+/-0.0208; P<0.01). However, the high glucose+LY333531 group showed noticeable attenuation on both permeability (360+/-17.32 vs 400.0+/-20.00; P<0.05) and apoptosis (25.00%+/-5.000% vs 55.00%+/-5.000%; P<0.01) with reduced PKCbeta II expression (0.2800+/-0.0700 vs 0.4767+/-0.0751; P<0.01). No significant effects of saline on the cell permeability, apoptosis and PKCbeta II expression were observed., Conclusion: The antagonism of LY333531 has shown obvious effects on the impairment of high glucose to the permeability of CMECs.

Objective: To introduce a practical, economical, and time-saving method to stain (with osmic acid) the myelin sheath in normal and regenerated peripheral nerves., Methods: A total of 12 Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-320 g (mean equal to 276 g+/-38 g), were divided into two groups: a normal nerve group (n equal to 6) and a regenerated nerve group (n equal to 6). In the normal nerve group, the ventral and dorsal roots of L(4) to L(6) and their sciatic nerves were harvested for histological analysis. While in the regenerated nerve group, the right sciatic nerves were severed and then repaired with an epineurial microsuture method. The repaired nerves were harvested 12 weeks postoperatively. All the specimens were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and transferred to 2% osmic acid for 3-5 days. Then the specimens were kept in 75% alcohol before being embedded in paraffin. The tissues were cut into sections of 3 micromolar in thickness with a conventional microtome., Results: Under a light microscope, myelin sheaths were clearly visible at all magnifications in both groups. They were stained in clear dark colour with a light yellow or colorless background, which provided high contrast images to allow reliable morphometric measurements. Morphological assessment was made in both normal and regenerated sciatic nerves. The ratios of the myelin area to the fibre area were 60.28%+/-7.66% in the normal nerve group and 51.67%+/-6.85% in the regenerated nerve group, respectively (P less than 0.01)., Conclusions: Osmic acid staining is easy to perform and a very clear image for morphometrical assessment is easy to obtain. Therefore, it is a reliable technique for quantitative evaluation of nerve morphology.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycol/montmorillonite (PEG/MMT) nanocomposite material in adsorption of triglyceride (TG), cholesterin and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)., Methods: The structure of PEG/MMT nanocomposite was analyzed by means of X ray diffraction and its effect of blood lipid and albumin adsorption was evaluated in comparison with Na-MMT., Results: The interval distance was larger when the PEG of greater molecular weight was used for preparing the nanocomposite, and PEG/MMT nanocomposite had greater adsorption rate of TG, cholesterin and LDL-C in serum than that of serum albumin. MMT material had poor adsorption effect., Conclusion: PEG/MMT nanocomposite possesses the potential as a novel adsorbent of blood lipid for clinical use.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of silicon and latex urinary catheters on urinary mucosa., Methods: A randomized, controlled prospective clinical trial was carried out in 60 patients admitted in the Department of Neurosurgery, who required long-term use of an indwelling urinary catheter. The patients were divided into 2 equal groups with placement of silicon or latex urinary catheter, and routine laboratory urine test was performed on a regular basis and the patients feelings during catheter retention were recorded., Results: Patients with placement of indwelling silicone catheters reported no obvious discomfort in relation to the catheter placement and had significantly lower incidence of hematuria identified microscopically than those with common latex catheters., Conclusion: Compared with latex catheters, silicone catheters cause less injuries and reduce substantially irritation of the urinary mucosa, and we suggest the use of silicone catheter in patients requiring long-term indwelling urinary catheters.

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was established for the determination of cinnabar in Zijinhong capsules using diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) chelate. A Waters X-Terra C18 column was used with a mixture of methanol-0.01 mol/L Na2HPO4 (pH 7.5) (containing 0.01% DEDTC) (73:27, V/V) as the mobile phase and a detector set at 270 nm. The calibration curve was linear (r = 0. 999 6) in the range of 10.1 mg/L - 100.9 mg/L of Hg2+. The recoveries were 97.0% - 100.8% with RSDs of 1.8% - 2.3%.