Search

Resistance against tourism development has become a key analytical domain among tourism researchers. Yet, little attention has been paid to understanding online resistance against tourism developme...

Die psychosomatische Epileptologie beschaftigt sich mit einer grosen Zahl unterschiedlicher psychiatrischer und psychosomatischer Krankheitsbilder. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender Rechenleistung von Computern, Smartphones und Internet und einer mittlerweile hohen Akzeptanz digitaler Medien werden in groser Zahl E‑mental-health-Anwendungen entwickelt. Diese Applikationen sollen Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen den Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistung erleichtern, Qualitat und Effektivitat steigern und damit die psychische Gesundheit starken. Die Definition von Qualitatskriterien durch DGPPN und DGP soll dabei sicherstellen, dass die Interventionen auf evidenzbasierten Psychotherapieverfahren aufbauen und die Wirksamkeit nachgewiesen wurde. Fur die beispielhaft diskutierten Krankheitsbilder Depression, posttraumatische Belastungsstorung und Essstorungen konnte ein solcher Wirkungsnachweis in zahlreichen Studien erbracht werden. In diesem Zusammenhang zeichnet sich jetzt schon ab, dass durch die rasant fortschreitende technische Entwicklung in den kommenden Jahren und Jahrzehnten Technologien wie virtuelle Realitat oder Avatare zum Einsatz kommen werden, um die Onlinekommunikation zwischen Patient und Therapeut zu verbessern. Welche Chancen oder Risiken sich hieraus fur die Behandlung der Patienten ergeben werden, ist aber noch weitgehend unklar.

The article examines the moisture risk associated with the conversion into flats of cellars in historic (100+ years) multifamily houses in a temperate climate for the case of downtown Vienna/Austria. The goal is to use the thermal losses of the flat above the cellar through the ceiling for heating the new living space (-> project title: “Space4Free”, Wegerer et al. 2022) using the tempering properties of the soil. Further framing conditions are acceptable hygienic conditions and thermal comfort. The cellar’s brick walls are not sealed off the soil for technical and economic reasons during refurbishment. The concept includes the installation of a mechanical ventilation plant. A three dimensional simulation of moisture and heat transport was carried out the coupling building parts to the indoor air. Focus was on designing a moisture based control algorithm for the mechanical (automated) ventilation plant which resulted in a decision tree with 8 states of ventilation operation. The simulation showed that such a cellar refurbishment – from a building physics point of view – is feasible. A main result is that the annual moisture immissions are driven by the moisture loads induced by the inhabitants such as cooking rather than by moisture originating from building components which are in contact with the soil. This result is corroborated by the fact that such conversion has been successfully practiced by a company represented among the authors since several years. A practical implication that – in the current case – insulating building components against moisture from the soil is less important than controlling user driven moisture loads.

Mineral fillers can significantly affect the application properties of plastic materials. The structural and chemical properties of phyllosilicates provide the conditions to change the properties of polymeric material, e.g. flexural and tensile strength or thermal properties, according to the required application. Mineral fillers frequently used are clay minerals with a two-layer structure (serpentine-kaolin group) or three-layer structure (talc-pyrophyllite group, mica group, smectite group). The mineral fillers can be directly used or after surface modification, depending on the polar nature of the polymer. Polymers containing polar groups (hydrophilic polymers) are water-soluble, like polyvinyl alcohols and polysaccharides or can form hydrogen bonds, like polyamides, polyesters and polyvinyl fluorides. Hydrophobic (non-polar) polymers show an absence of polar groups (e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene) or mutual cancelling electrical dipole moments (e.g. polytetrafluorethylene). Minerals with a hydrophilic surface are directly applicable with polar polymers. For the application with non-polar polymers their surface require hydrophobization, whereas non-polar two-layer silicates are directly applicable with these polymers.Serpentinized rock material is investigated with regard to its suitability as a polymer filler and its influence on the performance characteristics of various polymers. The samples origin from the Kraubath Ultramafic Massif, which represents part of an Early Paleozoic ophiolite, at the basement of the Austro-Alpine. The Kraubath complex is dominated by metamorphosed dunites and harzburgites, which origin from fractionation processes of the primary peridotite magma. Hydrothermal alteration led to a partly or entirely serpentinization of the ultramafic rocks. The serpentinization process of dunite, ortho-pyroxenite and harzburgite transformed Mg-containing silicates, like olivine and pyroxene to serpentine group minerals. Rock material with a high grade of serpentinization offers favourable conditions for the application as mineral filler.The qualitative and quantitative XRD-analyses reveal a predominant occurrence of the antigorite. Further serpentine group minerals, like lizardite, occur in small amounts. Talc represents the second largest mineral phase. The rock material contains a few percentage of amphibole, chlorite, olivine (forsterite) and less than two percent of chromite and bronzite. In the two-layer structure of the main component antigorite, the charge of the tetrahedral layer is compensated by the charge of the octahedral layer. The three-layer structure of talc is electrostatically neutral, with no interlayer material. Therefore, serpentine minerals and talc are suitable for the application as mineral fillers in non-polar polymers, like polypropylene. Both influence the mechanical and tribological properties of polymers. Serpentine improves elasticity, tensile strength, stress at break, elongation at break, the mass wear rate and the coefficient of friction of the polymer but reduces the impact strength. Talc positively influences rigidity, shrinkage, creep properties, heat distortion under load and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion, however reduces toughness, long thermal ageing, impact strength and tensile strength. The further mineral phases are not considered to affect the application properties negatively. Regarding tensile strength and elasticity the ratio of serpentine to talc can influence the increase and decrease of these properties in non-polar polymers. The applicability of the practical implementation is investigated with nanoparticles of the serpentinized rock material in combination with polypropylene in varying proportions.

Die Corona-Pandemie und ihre massiven Auswirkungen auf alle Bereiche der Tourismuswirtschaft hält die Branche wie kaum eine andere in Atem. Welches Krisenmanagement im alpinen Tourismus Erfolg verspricht und welche Nach-Corona-Strategien sich bereits zeigen, nimmt das von Thomas Bieger, Pietro Beritelli und Christian Laesser herausgegebene Jahrbuch in den Blick.

At least since March 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and the multi-organ coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are keeping a firm grip on the world. Although most cases are mild, older patients and those with co-morbidities are at increased risk of developing a cytokine storm, characterized by a systemic inflammatory response leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure. The present paper focuses on the small molecule MP1032, describes its mode of action, and gives rationale why it is a promising option for the prevention/treatment of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm. MP1032 is a phase-pure anhydrous polymorph of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione sodium salt that exhibits good stability and bioavailability. The physiological action of MP1032 is based on a multi-target mechanism including localized, self-limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities that were demonstrated in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced joint inflammation. Furthermore, its immune-regulatory and PARP-1-modulating properties, coupled with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, have been demonstrated in various cell models. Preclinical efficacy was elucidated in LPS-induced endotoxemia, a model with heightened innate immune responses that shares many similarities to COVID-19. So far, during oral clinical development with three-month daily administrations, no serious adverse drug reactions occurred, highlighting the outstanding safety profile of MP1032.

At least since March 2020, the multiorgan disease COVID-19 has a firm grip on the world. Although most of the cases are mild, patients from risk populations could develop a cytokine storm, which is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure. The present paper will introduce the small molecule MP1032, describe its mode of action, and give rationale why it is a promising option for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm. MP1032 is a phase-pure anhydrous polymorph of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-pthalazinedione sodium salt that exhibits good stability and bioavailability. The physiological action of MP1032 is based on a multi-target mechanism including localized, self-limiting antioxidant activities that were demonstrated in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced joint inflammation. Furthermore, immune-regulatory and PARP-1 modulating properties, coupled with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 were shown in various cell models. Efficacy has been preclinically elucidated in LPS-induced endotoxemia, a model with excessively activated immune responses that shares many similarities to COVID-19. So far, during oral clinical development with three-months daily administrations, no serious adverse drug reactions occurred highlighting the outstanding safety profile of MP1032.

Solutions towards the development of a low carbon energy system have until recently largely focussed on the electricity sector. However, interactions between energy vectors (e.g. heat, electricity and gas) may contribute to increase the penetration of renewable energies, lower CO 2 emissions, and improve energy efficiency by offering, amongst others, additional grid flexibility resources. Multi-energy systems that use synergies between energy vectors are thus gaining in relevance and attention. They rely on the existence of technologies interfacing the energy systems (e.g. CHP plants) and on the regulatory framework, the market design and more generally the organization of the energy system as a whole. Flexibility generated by the synergies may especially provide services by contributing to ensure the offer-demand balance at any time, as well as grid security and stability. Based on a comparison of case studies in UK, Germany and US/California, the paper analyses services provided to the electricity grid by multi-energy systems and examines how involved parties share roles and responsibilities. The analysis is conducted in the light of the regulatory framework in the above-mentioned countries that strongly influences the development of potential services. Identified services are associated to the corresponding market and service layers (e.g. energy, balancing or even capacity) in which they are providing flexibility. The paper relies on a methodology previously developed to analyse and characterize existing and potential future market designs for the electricity system taking into account the specificities met in different countries. The aim of this methodology is to build an integrated and coherent vision of the different roles, functions and interactions within the system. The methodology has been further developed and applied to multi-energy systems. The analysis contributes to a whole-system perspective of flexibility services for electricity systems and underlying market structures.

The mineralogy of Devonian to Carboniferous shales from the Ukrainian Dniepr-Donets Basin (DDB) was investigated during this study. These shales show a high compositional variability in vertical and lateral directions. Furthermore, stratigraphic trends were found to be controlled both by climatic factors as well as by changing detrital input from the hinterland. High kaolinite contents and predominance of kaolinite over illite in the Tournaisian and partly in the lower Visean units are likely a result of intense chemical weathering related to the Hangenberg climatic event at the Devonian/ Tournaisian boundary. In contrast, abnormally high kaolinite contents in upper Visean and Serpukhovian samples at the basin center might be caused by different transport properties of kaolinite and illite, leading to selective concentration of small detrital kaolinite particles, which are often in the sub-micrometer range according to scanning electron microscopy observations. K/Al elemental ratios correlate well with illite/kaolinite ratios for samples in which significant amounts of both clay minerals are present, which enables a pre-evaluation of the relative kaolinite content based on bulk geochemical data. As kaolinite is suggested to decrease the fraccability of shales and to have a great influence on their wetting behaviour, this is useful information for explorational purposes. Higher feldspar contents in Devonian and Tournaisian samples, especially along the NE basin margin and in the shallow NW part of the DDB, are likely related to increased detrital input from magmatic precursors (e.g. in the Voronezh Massif ) during (and shortly after) the active rift stage of the DDB. In general, feldspar contents are higher in proximal positions compared to the basin center, which is likely a result of shorter transport distances of the comparably large feldspar grains. Finally, the presence of expandable clay minerals down to depths of 6 km and the fact that no thermal maturity trend is visible down to these depths, proves, that a low post-depositional heat flow was present in the DDB. This is in good agreement with vitrinite reflectance measurements and thermal modelling results from previous studies, which suggest a low Mesozoic heat flow.

In recent years literature studying the use of corporate branding in the control of corporate culture has emerged, but as yet there is scant research on the relationship between branding and employee identity. This study addresses this research gap by analysing the effects of an ethical brand on the identity work of employees. Respondents were found to adopt the discourse of the brand in the construction of their identity projects. The empirical findings reveal that in the case of branding, specific modes of identity work appear to be far more influential than others. In particular it was observed that in the case study the brand informs the three modes of identity work: (1) ‘self-definition by delimitation’ (2) ‘self-definition as morally superior’ and (3) ‘providing a common sense of mission’.

Recent research within the field of organization studies has begun to map out the social and political effects of ethical branding on consumers, employees and society, yet the relationship between employees and brands is still an under-developed area of research. The aim of this article is to investigate how an ethical brand is perceived by its employees and to reveal contradictions that emerge from employee accounts of company brand ethics. The analysis identifies three areas of ‘ethical ambivalence’ in these accounts, notably: (1) the high employee identification with the brand in contrast to their ignorance of its specific values and practices; (2) the aim of the brand pedagogy to change consumer consciousness, and the admission that this had little effect in practice; and (3) the ambivalence in the stated aim to ethically transform the industry in contrast to maintaining an exclusive market niche. This article provides both an empirical contribution to research on company branding that reveals the contradictions in the employee accounts of their company’s brand ethics and a theoretical contribution introducing the notion of ‘ethical ambivalence’ to explain these contradictions, which shows how such ambivalence permits only a very restricted level of critical reflection about ethical issues. This article highlights the limits of critique at work in a company where it is difficult to differentiate between genuine moral concern and the repetition of simple brand messages.

Sex differences in emotional reactivity have been studied primarily for negative but less so for positive stimuli; likewise, sex differences in the psychophysiological response-patterning during such stimuli are poorly understood. Thus, the present study examined sex differences in response to negative/positive and high/low arousing films (classified as threat-, loss-, achievement-, and recreation-related, vs. neutral films), while measuring 18 muscular, autonomic, and respiratory parameters. Sex differences emerged for all films, but were most prominent for threat-related films: Despite equivalent valence and arousal ratings, women displayed more facial-muscular and respiratory responding than men and pronounced sympathetic activation (preejection period, other cardiovascular and electrodermal measures), while men showed coactivated sympathetic/parasympathetic responding (including increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia). This indicates a prototypical threat-related defense response in women, while men showed a pattern of sustained orienting, which can be understood as a shift toward less threat proximity in the defense cascade model. Clinical implications are discussed within a socio-evolutionary framework.

The refurbishment of Wilhelminian style houses, driven by the densification of the living space, is increasingly leading to problems in the field of sound insulation. The high-quality refurbishment of the outer shell of the existing buildings significantly reduces the basic noise level in living rooms. The focus of the project and the work shown is to improve the impact sound insulation of wooden beamed ceilings in Wilhelminian style houses without adding floor height. This ceiling systems show significant differences in its basic constructions compared to the modern wood-beamed ceilings (beam dimensions, spans width, etc.). The work shown examines different suspended ceilings constructions on a wood-beamed ceiling in a Wilhelminian style house. The conclusions are based on the measurement of the impact sound level in different construction phases according to ÖNORM EN ISO 16283-2:2018. An unknown influence are openings, in large numbers, in the suspended ceiling. These are often caused by the installation of lighting or by ventilation systems. The results show that depending on the resulting cross-sectional area of the holes, a reduction in the impact sound insulation is recognizable and should be considered in the planning process.

When planning an interior insulation for a building with existing wooden ceilings, the hygrothermal performance of the wooden beams’ heads inside the masonry need special consideration. Because of airflows due to thermal differences in pressure, warm and humid ambient air can penetrate the external construction components. Thus, condensation on the masonry surfaces resp. on the wooden beam will occur, which may lead to high moisture content and finally to processes of decay. Especially when thermally renovating a building using interior insulation the support area’s temperature level during winter is lowered significantly. Therefore, adequate airtightness of the inner shell is to be considered with such construction. At the same time, a certain degree of leakiness must be assumed in the planning stage since 100% airtight constructions are not achievable in practice. This paper will introduce a simulation model which takes into account convective hygrothermal processes in aerial spaces besides simulating temperature and moisture in porous materials. Using the example of a three-dimensional model of a wooden beam head, the influence of airflows will be shown. Damp permeation due to convection is going to be modeled by a condensation source at the wooden beam head’s end. The amount of condensate occurring there is determined by the mass flow from the inside into the construction as well as the temperature conditions on the surface. Furthermore, the size and set-up of the leakage between the interior air and the ceiling cavity is important. The results show that the durability of the wooden beams’ heads heavily depends on room air humidity and leakage size as well as the differences in pressure between the two aerial spaces. The results’ assessment is made by evaluating the risk for decay of the wooden components.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to engage in the research gap regarding the missing link between retail innovation and branding by providing a brand-driven process to systematically develop retail format innovation projects. The so-called “Brand-driven Retail Format Innovation” (BRFI) approach provides a structured three-phase model that serves as a conceptual guide for the development of any type of retail format. Design/methodology/approach Longitudinal collaborative action research over a time span of 20 years plus extended case study research to develop the current BRFI approach. Findings BRFI is a circular three-phase framework, which integrates branding, and retail format innovation. It starts with the definition of the intended retail brand identity, which in phase 2 becomes translated into concrete touchpoint experiences along the main constituents of a retail format, finally during phase 3 materializing into the new retail format. A case study of a major food retailer is prototypically used to illustrate the application of the designed approach and to report achieved results. Research limitations/implications Brand-driven retail format development based on translating socio-cultural meanings into touchpoint experiences to materialize format constituents is opening up new research avenues to govern retail format development. At present the approach is based on retail and services case studies in Western Austria. Practical implications The three-phase model represents a practical tool for retail managers, who want to renew and to develop their retail format in a structured way. The approach is applicable to all retail industries from small- to large-scale organizations as well as online and offline environments. Originality/value This is the first study engaging in the missing link regarding retail innovation and branding by providing a brand-driven process to systematically develop retail format innovation projects. BRFI locks into anthropological research findings where cultural meanings are considered as the main source for the construction of brand identities whereby the new retail format is transformed around brand-derived touchpoint experiences.

Wohnbau in Wien ist einer Vielzahl von Regulativen unterworfen. Um F��rdergelder zu erhalten, kommen noch einige hinzu. Der gef��rderte Wohnbau ist au��erdem von gro��em finanziellen Druck begleitet. Dies hei��t jedoch nicht, dass diese Rahmenbedingungen keinen qualitativ hochwertigen sozialen Wohnbau zulassen. Diese Arbeit stellt ein Bau- und Planungskonzept vor, dass es erlaubt mit wenigen seriell gefertigten Bauteilen und modular aufgebauten Raumkopplungen gro��e Wohnvarianz herzustellen. Durch das Baukastenprinzip werden Ressourcen im Bau gespart, die wiederum in die Schaffung von Mehrwert f��r die zuk��nftigen Bewohner*innen flie��en k��nnen. Das Endergebnis ist ein Prototyp eines Wiener Wohnbaus, dessen Dimensionen auf den Gesetzen und Richtlinien der Stadt beruhen ohne Wohnqualit��t vermissen zu lassen. Die vorgestellten Parameter und Regeln des Wiener Wohnbaukastens dienen als Grundlage f��r die Entwicklung eines Algorithmus gest��tzten Entwurfsprozesses, der die Planungseffizienz im Wohnbau steigern soll und die Partizipation von Nutzer*innen zul��sst., To build residential buildings in Vienna one has to follow many rules. To get aid money from the city more adjustment factors make matters worse. Social housing is also accompanied by financial pressure. But all this doesn���t mean that it is impossible to create subsidized housing of high quality. This thesis presents a concept of building and planning, which allows residential buildings of high variance with little serial manufactured parts and room modules. This construction kit saves resources on the construction site which can then be used to create additional benefit for the future inhabitants. The end product is a prototype of a Viennese residential building, which dimensions rely on the law and the guidelines of the city, without losing quality in terms of housing. The presented parameters and rules of the Wiener Wohnbaukasten are the foundation for the development of an algorithm based design process, which raises the efficiency of planning residential buildings. It can allow people to participate in the process.

Davon ausgehend, dass es bei der digitalen Transformation nicht in erster Linie um Technologie-Herausforderungen geht, sondern um Geschaftsmodell-Herausforderungen beziehungsweise -Innovationen, gehort die aktuelle Unternehmensstrategie im Hinblick auf den digitalen Wandels auf den Prufstand. In vielen Unternehmen ist das Thema der „Digitalisierung“ jedoch alleine in der IT angesiedelt, doch das ist zu kurz gesprungen. Die Digitalisierung muss Chefsache sein. Es geht um die Frage, womit Unternehmen in funf oder zehn Jahren Geld verdienen werden. Dabei muss die gesamte Wertschopfungskette im Auge behalten werden. Vier Handlungsfelder stehen auf der Suche nach zukunftsfahigen Strategien im Mittelpunkt: der Kunde, das Geschaftsmodell, die digitale Exzellenz und die Menschen, also Fuhrung und Mitarbeiter des Unternehmens (Dieses Kapitel basiert auf dem Buch „Digitaler Wandel in Familienunternehmen“ (2018) der beiden Autoren).

Das Glaser-Verfahren galt in der Bauphysik der letzten Jahrzehnte als das wesentliche Verfahren fur den feuchteschutztechnischen Nachweis. Simulationsverfahren und die gezielte Erforschung des Feuchteverhaltens bestimmter Baustoffe sowie unzahlige dokumentierte Schadensfalle zeigen jedoch, dass die Annahmen des Glaser-Verfahrens oftmals zu falschen Ergebnissen fuhren. Durch eine Modifizierung des Glaser-Verfahrens, die solare Einstrahlung und konvektive Feuchteeintrage in die Konstruktion berucksichtigt, kann fur bestimmte Konstruktionen dennoch ein praxistauglicher vereinfachter feuchteschutztechnischer Nachweis erbracht werden. Anhand von drei Beispielkonstruktionen wird gezeigt, dass die Anwendung des modifizierten Verfahrens verglichen mit hygrothermischen Simulationen in manchen Fallen Ergebnisse auf der sicheren Seite liefert, in anderen jedoch Fehlplanungen. Die Beurteilung der jeweiligen Ergebnisse ist daher von groser Bedeutung und zeigt die Grenzen fur die Anwendbarkeit des vereinfachten Nachweises auf. Modification of the Glaser method using solar radiation and convective moisture penetration. The Glaser method was considered the most significant method for proof of moisture performance in building physics during the last decades. However, simulation methods and the concerted research of certain building materials' moisture behaviour as well as countless documented cases of damage show that the Glaser method's assumptions often lead to false results. By modifying the Glaser method, taking into account the solar irradiation und convective damp penetrations into the construction, a practicable, simplified hygrothermal proof can be yielded for certain constructions yet. Using three exemplary constructions it is shown that applying the modified method in comparison with hygrothermal simulations provides safe results in some cases, incorrect plannings in others. Evaluation of the respective results is therefore of the utmost importance and highlights the limits of the simplified proof's practicability.

Higher prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women than men may be explained by sex differences in fear learning processes. Initial evidence points to elevated unconditioned and conditioned fear responding as well as to elevated state anxiety in women as potential peritraumatic mechanisms. Using the “conditioned-intrusion-paradigm”, which combines differential fear conditioning with the trauma-film paradigm, neutral sounds were presented as predictors of the occurrence (CS+) or non-occurrence (CS-) of highly aversive films. Intrusions were elicited by these sounds in the laboratory after conditioning and naturalistic intrusions were assessed in daily-life on subsequent days. Compared to men (n = 62), women (n = 60) reported more intrusions and associated distress following analogue trauma. Sex differences in intrusive symptoms were mediated by a) higher unconditioned trauma responding, b) slowed extinction of differential CS valence ratings, and c) elevated state anxiety increase across conditioning in women. Secondary analyses revealed that state anxiety was the strongest mediator, followed by slowed extinction learning. Mediation models were unrelated to sex differences in trait anxiety or depressive symptoms. Thus, associative (extinction learning) and non-associative (state anxiety, trauma responding) mechanisms contribute to sex differences in intrusive symptoms after analogue trauma and might add to the heightened vulnerability to PTSD in women.

In the context of the United Nations “Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development” and the presented Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the process of developing and agreeing on indicators to monitor the SDGs implementation becomes fundamental. In this paper, we identify indicators for the sustainable development of cities that have the greatest potential for their underlying data to be measured by means of remote sensing. We first identified existing indicators, which are derived from the International Standard ISO 37120, “Indicators for city services and quality of life”, as being partly or fully measured by the use of remote sensing, and then presented these indicators to remote sensing experts in an assessment procedure. We then investigated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) weighting methods to identify the most relevant quality of life indicators that can be captured by means of remote sensing techniques. We assess the remote sensing experts knowledge in the context of Decision Support Systems (DSS), and by means of both a questionnaire-based approach and a pairwise comparison approach. The approaches are compared with each other regarding their complexity, their potentials and limitations, and the respectively identified remote sensing based indicators. We identified three indicators related to surface characteristics as having the highest remote sensing potential. When contrasted to the results of the pairwise comparison, the questionnaire-based approach revealed high usability and confirmability. In the end, this approach enables cities administrations to decide which indicators they want to cover by means of remote sensing, depending on the capacities of their departments. (VLID)2575925

Two morphometric methods are applied and compared for the analysis of suture lines in Early Carboniferous ammonoids of the superfamilies Pericycloidea, Girtyoceratoidea and Goniatitoidea. We analysed (1) classic metric data (proportions of the width and depths or heights of lobes and saddles) using multivariate statistic methods and (2) outline data of the external lobe and the ventrolateral saddle of the same ammonoid taxa using the elliptic Fourier analysis. Both methods lead to similar results and simultaneously demonstrate ontogenetic and phylogenetic trends of these ammonoids. Our results are consistent with three previously suggested evolutionary patterns: (1) a general decrease of the amplitude of lobes and saddles, (2) a proportional widening of the external lobe and (3) a heightening of the median saddle.

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production tradeoffs across maturity group (MG) I through V were analyzed using data on irrigation applied, harvest index (HI), yield, and nitrogen (N) fixed in crop residue at two locations and a range of years. Water use efficiency (WUE), defined as grain yield/water (irrigation and rainfall) and nitrogen (N2) fixation prediction equations allowed analysis of tradeoffs between irrigation use and N2 fixation by MG under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Analysis of partial returns by year and location revealed: (i) no consistent optimal MG choice under irrigated conditions; (ii) that irrigated soybean always outperformed non-irrigated production; and (iii) that non-irrigated MG V soybean had higher yields than earlier MG. Further, WUE, averaged across location and study years, was highest for MGs II and III with less loss in yield potential with restricted irrigation compared to MG IV and V. N2 fixation was inversely related to HI and positively correlated with Y. MG V compared to MG I, II and III thus displayed multi-fold increases in N2 fixation regardless of irrigation. Adding N fertilizer value for a subsequent crop from N2 fixation and potential implications of net GHG emissions to partial returns did not modify optimal MG choice.

A so far unknown third polymorph (form III) of 5-amino-2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-phthalazinedione (luminolate) monosodium salt could be isolated phase pure and its structure was determined by powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement [cell parameters: a = 8.0364(2) A, b = 3.69765(5) A, c = 26.4246(7) A, β = 96.346(2)°, V = 780.42(3) A3, space group P21/c]. The new structure shows many similarities to the structure of the known form II and the consequently slim differences in the diffraction traces could have easily been overlooked. Slurry experiments prove the new form to be more stable than form II. Both form II and form III crystallize in a lamellar structure. The layers are in turn built by shifted π-stacked strands of hydrogen bonded luminolate dimers. The strands are canted by ± 25° in respect to the layers. While in form II the tilt direction alternates from strand to strand within a single layer, in form III all strands within a layer are tilted in the same direction and the orientation rather alternates between adjacent layers.

Marine Carboniferous shales are proven hydrocarbon source rocks in central Britain. In this contribution the depositional environment and shale gas/liquid potential of the lower Namurian part of the Bowland Shale Formation is studied using 77 thermally immature samples from the Duffield borehole. The Bowland Shale Formation comprises mudstone and turibidite lithofacies reflecting a pronounced sea level controlled cyclicity. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the mudstones lithofacies (including marine bands) and of fine-grained rocks within the turibidite lithofacies varies between 1.3 and 9.1%. Hydrogen index (HI) values imply the presence of kerogen type III-II. According to biomarker ratios and bulk geochemical parameters, marine bands (maximum flooding surfaces, mfs) were deposited in deep water with slightly enhanced, normal, or slightly reduced salinity. Mudstones of the highstand systems tract (HST) were deposited in environments with normal to reduced salinity, whereas photic zone anoxia favoured the preservation of marine organic matter during deposition of the mfs and the HST. The supply of landplant debris increased during the HST. Turbidites and their non-calcareous mudstone equivalents represent lowstand systems tracts deposited in low salinity environments. Terrestrial organic matter dominates in turbiditic sediments, marine organisms prevail in time-equivalent mudstones. Mudstone beneath marine bands represents transgressive systems tracts when normal marine conditions and photic zone anoxia were re-established. The mudstone lithofacies exhibits a very good to excellent potential to generate conventional mixed oil and gas. TOC content of fine-grained rocks in the turbidite lithofacies depends on the amount of detrital minerals supplied from the south. Moreover, their organic matter is gas-prone. High TOC contents and large thicknesses of the mudstone lithofacies show that the Bowland Shale Formation holds a significant shale gas/liquid potential in areas with appropriate maturity. A relatively low average HI and high clay contents may have negative effects on the shale gas potential.