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Background: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary one-carbon metabolism-related B-vitamins are associated with the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, only a few studies have assessed their associations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective: This study aimed to assess the associations between the intake of three one-carbon metabolism-related B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) and CVD risk in Chinese patients with T2D. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study of 419 patients with T2D and newly diagnosed CVD and 419 age- (±5 years) and sex-matched T2D-only controls was carried out in China. A validated 79-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews was used to measure dietary B-vitamin intake. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess associations, which were tested by estimating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for highest quartile were 0.32 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.52; p trend p trend = 0.002) for vitamin B6, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.55; p trend = 0.841) for vitamin B12. Consistent inverse associations were found for folate intake from eggs, vegetables, fruits, soy, and other foods but not for folate intake from grains. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the high consumption of folate and vitamin B6, but not that of vitamin B12, might be associated with the low risk of CVD in patients with T2D. This study suggests that dietary folate and vitamin B6 protect against CVD in patients with T2D.

Structuralist narratology, which has played an instrumental part in the historical development of adaptation studies, now faces increasing criticism from culturally oriented scholars for its disregard of contextual factors. My essay argues that postclassical developments of narratology, which recognize culture as a powerful shaping force of narrative form, can effectively address the enduring bifurcation between formal and cultural approaches in adaptation studies. It uses the transpacific adaptation of a Chinese TV drama, renamed Empresses in the Palace by its Netflix adapters, as a case study to show how some of the important narrative transmutations are both motivated by and symptomatic of clashes between specific aspects of the Chinese and the American cultures. My discussion demonstrates that transcultural comparisons can not only foster understanding of adaptations as cultural encounters with inevitable narrative consequences, but also open up new space for the appreciation of other cultures, and provide fresh perspectives on one’s own cultural and narrative traditions.

The gene sequencing data, along with the associated lineage tracing and research data generatedthroughout the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, constitute invaluable resources that profoundlyempower phylogeography research. To optimize the utilization of these resources, we have developed an interactiveanalysis platform called aPhyloGeo-Covid, leveraging the capabilities of Neo4j, Snakemake, and Python. This platform enables researchersto explore and visualize diverse data sources specifically relevant to SARS-CoV-2 for phylogeographic analysis. The integrated Neo4j database acts as a comprehensive repository, consolidating COVID-19 pandemic-related sequences information,climate data, and demographic data obtained from public databases, facilitating efficient filtering and organization of input data forphylogeographical studies. Presently, the database encompasses over 113,774 nodes and 194,381 relationships. Additionally, aPhyloGeo-Covid provides a scalable and reproducible phylogeographic workflow for investigating the intricate relationship between geographic features and the patterns of variation in diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants. The code repository of platform is publicly accessible onGitHub (https://github.com/tahiri-lab/iPhyloGeo/tree/iPhylooGeo-neo4j), providing researchers with a valuable tool to analyzeand explore the intricate dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within a phylogeographic context.

Multifunctional antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused pneumonia due to its increasing resistance, enhanced virulence, and high pathogenicity. Here, we report that lysostaphin, a bacteriolytic enzyme, encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (LyIR@MS) specially treats planktonic MRSA bacteria, mature biofilms, and related pneumonia. Optimized LyIR@MS with suitable diameters could deliver a sufficient amount of lysostaphin to the lung without a decrease in survival rate after intravenous injection. Furthermore, the degradable properties of the carrier make it safe for targeted release of lysostaphin to eliminate MRSA, repressing the expression of virulence genes and improving the sensitivity of biofilms to host neutrophils. In the MRSA pneumonia mouse model, treatment or prophylaxis with LyIR@MS significantly improved survival rate and relieved inflammatory injury without introducing adverse events. These findings suggest the clinical translational potential of LyIR@MS for the treatment of MRSA-infected lung diseases.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential associations of dietary BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) with physical function in the elderly Chinese population. A validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric and physical function measurements were used to collect data. We modeled trends in physical function indicators for BCAA quartiles using multivariate linear regression models. Among 4336 (43.97% men) participants aged 72.73 ± 5.48 years, a higher dietary intake of BCAAs was positively associated with increased handgrip strength (all p trends < 0.001), shorter times for 4-m fast walking (all p trends < 0.001) and repeated chair rises (all p trends < 0.001). No linear association was found between subtypes of amino acids and any physical functions (all p trends > 0.05). Individuals in the highest quartiles of BCAA intake had a reduced risk of developing low muscle strength, and the multiadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for women and men were 0.50 (0.38–0.65) and 0.67 (0.50–0.91), respectively. Similarly, higher BCAA consumption was associated with a lower risk of developing low physical performance (4-m walking speed: OR = 0.68 [0.50–0.93]; repeated chair rises: OR = 0.66 [0.54–0.81]). Higher dietary BCAA intake might be beneficial for physical function in the elderly population.

Unsaturated fatty acids might be involved in the prevention of and improvement in mental disorders, but the evidence on these associations has not been comprehensively assessed. This umbrella review aimed to appraise the credibility of published evidence evaluating the associations between unsaturated fatty acids and mental disorders. In this umbrella review, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies comparing unsaturated fatty acids (including supplementation, dietary intake, and blood concentrations) in participants with mental disorders with healthy individuals were included. We reanalyzed summary estimates, between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects, and excess significance bias for each meta-analysis. Ninety-five meta-analyses from 29 systematic reviews were included, encompassing 43 studies on supplementation interventions, 32 studies on dietary factors, and 20 studies on blood biomarkers. Suggestive evidence was only observed for dietary intake, in which higher intake of fish was associated with reduced risk of depression (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.89) and Alzheimer disease (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87), and higher intake of total PUFAs might be associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.84). Evidence showed that PUFA supplementation was favorable but had weak credibility in anxiety, depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia (P-random effects

Summary Photosensitization under near-infrared (NIR) excitation is attractive for applications in photocatalysis and theragnostics because NIR light offers deeper penetration depth through various media, including biological tissues. Nevertheless, most photosensitization processes can only be stimulated by ultraviolet or visible light. Here, we demonstrate a new paradigm, based on the coupling of lanthanide inorganic nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers, for NIR photosensitization through lanthanide-triplet sensitization. We show that the triplet levels of a series of porphyrin and phthalocyanine sensitizers can be effectively populated by energy transfer from lanthanide nanoparticles. This approach allows to directly active lower-lying triplet states of photosensitizers without the need to populate their higher-lying excited singlet states. It enables photosensitization to generate singlet oxygen at ultralow NIR irradiance with over 100-fold improved performance compared with conventional upconversion-based NIR photosensitization, which may provide new opportunities for applications such as deep-tumor phototherapy and NIR-light driven photosynthesis.

Existing research express by processing about the vibration signal of electric transformer cover, the corresponding fundamental frequency amplitude can be obtained, which can be used to dig the specific operation state of the electric transformer. For accurately predicting the amplitude at the fundamental frequency about cover vibration signal of electric transformer, a proposed method based on artificial bee colony is designed. But the basic artificial colony method has some defects, such as slow tracking speed and poor feature description ability. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing ABC based method, the proposed artificial bee colony method is designed, where an adversarial learning mechanism and optimizing each specific search formula is employed. The proposed ABC method improves the prediction accuracy of electric transformer cover vibration signal’s fundamental frequency amplitude. The sepcific results of experimental introduce the effectiveness of the proposed ABC method.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is hailed as “the holy grail” for infertile patients in the mainstream narrative. The existing studies have clearly demonstrated how external social factors shape how ART is to be used, but they ignore the recipients of the technologies, and especially the experiences of women. Based on an investigation conducted in Z hospital’s reproductive center, this article regards embodiment as the methodological orientation for integrating socio-cultural context with female embodied experience in order to show their bio-social entanglement. As fieldwork evidence indicates, ART in practice is far from simple “hope technology”; instead, it throws women into a paradoxical world in which hope and anxiety coexist. Embodied experience, hope, and anxiety are transmitted through the bodies of women, which reveals the inscription of social-cultural context and technical uncertainty on the female body and, meanwhile, women actively learn strategies by which to cope with the technical uncertainty and moral pressures from local culture (including healing the body, folk religion, etc.), so as to hold onto infertility treatment with hope.

Rationale: Hypoxia is one of the crucial restrictions in cancer radiotherapy (RT), which leads to the hypoxia-associated radioresistance of tumor cells and may result in the sharp decline in therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Herein, living photosynthetic microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, C. vulgaris), were used as oxygenators, for in situ oxygen generation to relieve tumor hypoxia. We engineered the surface of C. vulgaris (CV) cells with calcium phosphate (CaP) shell by biomineralization, to form a biomimetic system (CV@CaP) for efficient tumor delivery and in-situ active photosynthetic oxygenation reaction in tumor. Results: After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, CV@CaP could remarkably alleviate tumor hypoxia by continuous oxygen generation, thereby achieving enhanced radiotherapeutic effect. Furthermore, a cascade phototherapy could be fulfilled by the chlorophyll released from photosynthetic microalgae combined thermal effects under 650 nm laser irradiation. The feasibility of CV@CaP-mediated combinational treatment was finally validated in an orthotropic breast cancer mouse model, revealing its prominent anti-tumor and anti-metastasis efficacy in hypoxic-tumor management. More importantly, the engineered photosynthetic microalgae exhibited excellent fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging properties, allowing the self-monitoring of tumor therapy and tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: Our studies of this photosynthetic microsystem open up a new dimension for solving the radioresistance issue of hypoxic tumors.

We study the intersection of the Torelli locus with the Newton polygon stratification of the modulo $p$ reduction of certain Shimura varieties. We develop a clutching method to show that the intersection of the open Torelli locus with some Newton polygon strata is non-empty. This allows us to give a positive answer, under some compatibility conditions, to a question of Oort about smooth curves in characteristic $p$ whose Newton polygons are an amalgamate sum. As an application, we produce infinitely many new examples of Newton polygons that occur for smooth curves that are cyclic covers of the projective line. Most of these arise in inductive systems that demonstrate unlikely intersections of the open Torelli locus with the Newton polygon stratification in Siegel modular varieties. In addition, for the 20 special Shimura varieties found in Moonen’s work, we prove that all Newton polygon strata intersect the open Torelli locus (if $p>>0$ in the supersingular cases).

Deciphering the dynamic changes in antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is essential for understanding the immune response in COVID-19 patients. Here we analyze the laboratory findings of 1,850 patients to describe the dynamic changes of the total antibody, spike protein (S)-, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-, and nucleoprotein (N)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) levels during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery. The generation of S-, RBD-, and N-specific IgG occurs one week later in patients with severe/critical COVID-19 compared to patients with mild/moderate disease, while S- and RBD-specific IgG levels are 1.5-fold higher in severe/critical patients during hospitalization. The RBD-specific IgG levels are 4-fold higher in older patients than in younger patients during hospitalization. In addition, the S- and RBD-specific IgG levels are 2-fold higher in the recovered patients who are SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative than those who are RNA positive. Lower S-, RBD-, and N-specific IgG levels are associated with a lower lymphocyte percentage, higher neutrophil percentage, and a longer duration of viral shedding. Patients with low antibody levels on discharge might thereby have a high chance of being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA after recovery. Our study provides important information for COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development., Understanding antibody responses to Sars-CoV-2 proteins over time is complicated by many variables. Here the authors survey IgM and IgG antibodies against S protein, RBD and nucleoprotein in a large cohort of infected and recovering severe vs. moderate COVID-19 patients, comparing against clinical parameters and immunological readouts.

Biomineralization of biomaterials has shown extraordinary potential in cancer treatment, but the exploration of their in vivo applications is still insufficient. Here, we report a biohybrid microalgae system using a biomineralization approach to improve their biocompatibility, while keeping their living activities for radiation and photodynamic synergistic therapy in breast cancer. The biohybrid algae (Algae@SiO2) synthesized by a one-step biomimetic silicification method could significantly enhance their cytotoxicity and tolerance, improving the living activity in the tumor area. The innate chlorophyll and unique optical property make Algae@SiO2 possess dual imaging ability, namely, photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging. Algae@SiO2 accumulated in tumor sites could generate oxygen in situ by external light-mediated photosynthesis, relieve tumor hypoxia, and then enhance the efficiency of radiation therapy. As a natural photosensitizer, the released chlorophyll from Algae@SiO2 could provide reactive oxygen species to kill the cancer cells for the cascaded photodynamic therapy. The significant suppression of tumor growth in the mice bearing 4T1 tumor successfully demonstrates the promising anti-tumor effect of the Algae@SiO2-mediated synergistic therapy. Our results show that biohybrid algae, integrated with PAI/FI dual imaging, radiosensitization, and cascaded photothermal therapy, is a promising multifunctional efficient biosystem for cancer treatment.

Fixing $t \in \mathbb{R}$ and a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of odd characteristic, we give an explicit upper bound on the proportion of genus $g$ hyperelliptic curves over $\mathbb{F}_q$ whose zeta function vanishes at $\frac{1}{2} + it$. Our upper bound is independent of $g$ and tends to $0$ as $q$ grows.

Due to the inability to spontaneously heal and vulnerability to bacterial infection, diabetic patients are frustrated by unexpected epithelium injuries in daily life. Notably, a drug-resistant bacterial infection may result in a long-term impact to the natural function of damaged organs. It is imperative to develop strategies that promote injury recovery and eradicate drug-resistant infection simultaneously. Here, we present a composite structured cupriferous hollow nanoshell (AuAgCu

EPSRC DTP; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London.

Because of the emergent evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, resistance to traditional antibiotics has been increasingly causing public health concerns that it can rapidly overcome the development of antibacterial agents. Here, we demonstrated a facile electrodeposition method to prepare silver peroxysulfite (Ag

We investigate in this paper the vanishing at $s=1$ of the twisted $L$-functions of elliptic curves $E$ defined over the rational function field $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$ (where $\mathbb{F}_q$ is a finite field of $q$ elements and characteristic $\geq 5$) for twists by Dirichlet characters of prime order $\ell \geq 3$, from both a theoretical and numerical point of view. In the case of number fields, it is predicted that such vanishing is a very rare event, and our numerical data seems to indicate that this is also the case over function fields for non-constant curves. For constant curves, we adapt the techniques of Li and Donepudi--Li who proved vanishing at $s=1/2$ for infinitely many Dirichlet $L$-functions over $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$ based on the existence of one, and we can prove that if there is one $\chi_0$ such that $L(E, \chi_0, 1)=0$, then there are infinitely many. Finally, we provide some examples which show that twisted $L$-functions of constant elliptic curves over $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$ behave differently than the general ones.

BackgroundDeep learning has been widely used for glaucoma diagnosis. However, there is no clinically validated algorithm for glaucoma incidence and progression prediction. This study aims to develop a clinically feasible deep-learning system for predicting and stratifying the risk of glaucoma onset and progression based on color fundus photographs (CFPs), with clinical validation of performance in external population cohorts.MethodsWe established data sets of CFPs and visual fields collected from longitudinal cohorts. The mean follow-up duration was 3 to 5 years across the data sets. Artificial intelligence (AI) models were developed to predict future glaucoma incidence and progression based on the CFPs of 17,497 eyes in 9346 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the AI models were calculated with reference to the labels provided by experienced ophthalmologists. Incidence and progression of glaucoma were determined based on longitudinal CFP images or visual fields, respectively.ResultsThe AI model to predict glaucoma incidence achieved an AUROC of 0.90 (0.81-0.99) in the validation set and demonstrated good generalizability, with AUROCs of 0.89 (0.83-0.95) and 0.88 (0.79-0.97) in external test sets 1 and 2, respectively. The AI model to predict glaucoma progression achieved an AUROC of 0.91 (0.88-0.94) in the validation set, and also demonstrated outstanding predictive performance with AUROCs of 0.87 (0.81-0.92) and 0.88 (0.83-0.94) in external test sets 1 and 2, respectively.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the feasibility of deep-learning algorithms in the early detection and prediction of glaucoma progression.FUNDINGNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); the High-level Hospital Construction Project, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (2021), the Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau, and FDCT-NSFC.

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary one-carbon metabolism-related B-vitamins are associated with the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations. However, only a few studies have assessed their associations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).This study aims to assess the associations between the intake of three one-carbon metabolism-related B-vitamins (folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12) and CVD risk in Chinese patients with T2D.A hospital-based case-control study of 419 patients with T2D and newly diagnosed CVD and 419 age- (±5 years) and sex-matched T2D-only controls was carried out in China. A validated 79-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews was used to measure dietary B-vitamin intake. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess associations, which were tested by estimating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for highest quartile were 0.32 (95% CI 0.20, 0.52; P-trend0.001) for folate, 0.47 (95% CI 0.30, 0.76; P-trend = 0.002) for vitamin B6 and 1.02 (95% CI 0.67, 1.55; P-trend = 0.841) for vitamin B12. Consistent inverse associations were found for folate intake from eggs, vegetables, fruits, soy and other foods but not for folate intake from grains.Findings suggest that the high consumption of folate and vitamin B6, but not that of vitamin B12, might be associated with the low risk of CVD in patients with T2D. This study suggests that dietary folate and vitamin B6 protect against CVD in patients with T2D.

During the aluminum electrolysis process aluminum is produced at the cathode and CO2 gas bubbles are generated on the anode and released. The bubbles reduce the active surface area of the anode, which increases energy consumption. They also cause the liquid aluminum to fluctuate and oxidize again. The study of anodic bubble behavior is important to reduce power consumption and improve current efficiency. In this paper, the phase field, laminar flow and tertiary current distribution modules in COMSOL Multiphysics are applied to simulate the growth and motion patterns of anodic bubble in the electrolytic cell to visualize and analyze the behavior of anode bubble.

Multifunctional antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed to treat methicillin-resistant

Autonomous driving has always been a hot topic, but there is still a long way to go before fully autonomous driving. Autonomous driving includes four core technologies, which are environment awareness, precise positioning, path planning and drive-by-wire execution. Among them, the environment awareness system is the key to ensure the intelligence and safety of intelligent vehicles. As the core technology of intelligent vehicle perception system, lane detection technology is the premise of safe and autonomous driving, and it is also the difficulty and technical core of the research. This paper aims at the problem of low detection accuracy of lane lines in complex scenes. According to the distribution law of lane lines in the bird's-eye view of the road, A lane line detection method based on YOLOv4 is proposed, which improves the detection accuracy of lane lines and realizes the detection of lane in complex scenes.

Rationale: Endophthalmitis, which is one of the severest complications of cataract surgeries, can seriously threaten vision and even lead to irreversible blindness owing to its complicated microenvironment, including both local bacterial infection and severe inflammation. It is urgent to develop a comprehensive treatment for both anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Herein, we developed AuAgCu2O-bromfenac sodium nanoparticles (AuAgCu2O-BS NPs), which was designed to combine anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for integrated therapy of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. The AuAgCu2O-BS NPs could eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacterial strain relied on their photodynamic effects and the release of metal ions (Ag+ and Cu+) by the hollow AuAgCu2O nanostructures mediated mild photothermal effects. The anti-inflammatory drug, bromfenac sodium, released from the nanoparticles were able to significantly reduce the local inflammation of the endophthalmitis and promote tissue rehabilitation. In vivo bacterial elimination and anti-inflammation were confirmed by a postcataract endophthalmitis rabbit model. Results: Excellent antibacterial ability of AuAgCu2O-BS NPs was verified both in vitro and in vivo. Ophthalmological clinical observation and pathologic histology analysis showed prominent treatment of inflammatory reaction. Importantly, the mild temperature photothermal effect not only promoted the release of metal ions and bromfenac sodium but also avoided the thermal damage of the surrounding tissues, which was more suitable for the practical application of ophthalmology due to the complex structure of the eyeball. Moreover, superior biocompatibility was approved by the preliminary toxicity investigations, including low cytotoxicity, negligible damage to major organs, and stable intraocular pressure. Conclusions: Our studies of nanosystem provide a promising synergic therapeutic strategy for postcataract endophthalmitis treatment with favorable prognosis and promise in clinical translations.

Two thermal fields, namely, microwave assistance and traditional heating, were used in this study to extract valuable Ti mineral resources from industrial solid waste (i.e., coal gangue) through acid leaching. Moreover, leaching extraction differences between the two thermal fields were analyzed. The leaching optimization experiment in different thermal fields revealed that the microwave power, acid-to-gangue ratio, and microwave radiation time under the microwave thermal field were 800 W, 1.5, and 1.25 h, respectively; the Ti leaching rate in coal gangue under these conditions reached 81.25%. By contrast, the heating temperature, acid-to-gangue ratio, and heating time under the traditional thermal field were 170 °C, 1.4, and 4 h, respectively; the Ti leaching rate in coal gangue under these conditions reached 91.83%. Characterization analysis demonstrated that the phase compositions of Ti in acid-leached coal gangue under the microwave thermal field were Ti2H2(SO4)4·5H2O and H2Ti3O7, whereas those under the traditional thermal field were H2TiO3 and Ti2(SO4)3. Ti-containing compounds were detected from acid leaching residue under the microwave thermal field, whereas those under the traditional thermal field were mainly silicon oxide and calcium sulfate. The SEM graph of acid leaching residue also reflected microstructural differences in acid leaching residue under the microwave and traditional thermal fields. This study provides new perspectives in the highly efficient and comprehensive utilization of Ti mineral resources in coal gangue.

In the current issue of Blood, Xia et al evaluate the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).1,2 SARS-CoV-2 has spurred a global crisis. To date, there are limited treatment options for COVID-19 and no proven prophylactic therapies for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) extraction in coal gangues is explored through sulfuric acid extraction to explore a high-value development of abundant coal gangues in Panzhou, Guizhou Province. Re...

Biogenic nanopalladium (Bio-Pd) was formed by Anaerobic Granular Sludge (AGS). The Bio-Pd hosted in AGS (Pd-AGS) was used to degrade a pharmaceutical compound diclofenac (DCF) under the conditions of various electron donors, Pd loadings and reaction media. Results showed that hydrogen was the most effective electron donor for the Pd-AGS, followed by formate, glucose and acetate. The Pd-AGS was able to produce effective hydrogen/electron donors from organic compounds via microbial metabolism to initiate Pd activity. Over 96% of DCF (initial concentration of 20 mg L−1) was removed using the Pd-AGS within 90 min, and a maximum specific activity Kobs of 1.53 L g−1 min−1 was obtained at 3.0 wt% Pd loading, in the presence of hydrogen. The Pd-AGS exhibited a relatively high activity in the medium of PBS or Na2SO4 (25 mM) at pH = 7–7.5, but lost activity in the medium of Na2CO3 (40 mM) or NaOH (40 mM). The Pd-AGS was more resistant to deactivation by chloride or sulphide comparing to free Pd nanoparticles. The Pd-AGS could reduce DCF and nitrate simultaneously with high nitrogen selectivity. The Pd-AGS, as a novel form of Pd catalyst with AGS, shows promise for applications in reducing chlorinated organic compounds in contaminated water.