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Summary of main observation and conclusion: OSW‐1 is a well‐known natural saponin with potent antitumor activities. We have designed and prepared a small library of 22 OSW‐1 analogues with a variety of p‐acylamino‐benzoyl groups installed at C2" of the xylose residue, wherein a regioselective (1→3)‐glycosylation of arabinoside 3,4‐diol has been achieved by manipulation of the protecting groups on the imidate donors. Bioassays lead to new structure‐activity relationships as well as two applicable fluorescent probes, which are found to localize to lysosomes in HeLa cells and could be used in further antitumor mechanism studies of OSW‐1 in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is the main cause of death related to malignant tumors. Since cause-specific mortality can guide clinical decision-making, this study employed the Fine-Gray model based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify significantly how socio-economic status influences initial treatment decisions and survival outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma., Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of lung adenocarcinoma., Methods: The U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2018. Seventeen thousand four hundred forty-one patients with lung adenocarcinoma were subdivided in four socio-economic tertiles, based on median household income. Cox regression modeling explored the relationship between race, surgery, grading, and median household income on survival outcomes. The study also assessed patient demographic characteristics, age at diagnosis, and surgical interventions., Results: Among 17 441 patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma, the age distribution was as follows: less than 45 years ( n =202, 1.16%), between 45 and 54 years ( n =1121, 6.43%), 55 and 64 years ( n =4252, 24.38%), 65 and 74 years ( n =6357, 36.45%), 75 and 84 years ( n =4426, 25.38%), and more than 84 years ( n =1083, 6.2%). The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% CI for ages 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and older than or equal to 85 years were 0.25 (0.11,1.29), 0.40 (0.11,1.50), and 0.72 (0.11,2.05), respectively. Multifactorial Cox regression indicated that the aHR for tumor metastasis was 0.93 (0.03, 2.54), and for patients who did not undergo surgery, it was 1.46 (0.03, 4.31). Grade IV patients exhibited the lowest survival rate [0.66(0.11, 1.93)]. A notable correlation existed between median household income and survival, with distinctly lower survival rates observed in low-income groups., Conclusion: Older patients, especially those who did not undergo surgery and had a higher tumor grade, had significantly reduced survival. Moreover, survival rates for black patients in lower-income brackets were worse than those for white patients in the same financial category., Implications for Practice: The quality of life of lung cancer patients is affected by low-income family., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in relation to this work.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Introduction: The optimal dosage of recombinant human luteinizing hormone (r-hLH) and its impact on endometrial thickness (EMT) when administered alongside recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer are uncertain, which formed the aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis., Method: A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang from its inception to 10 July 2023. Twenty-seven Randomized controlled trials comparing r-hFSH/r-hLH co-treatment with r-hFSH alone during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) for dichotomous data and mean differences (MD) for continuous data, with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), were generated. Meta-analysis employed fixed-effect or random-effect models based on heterogeneity, using Q-test and I2-index calculations. The main outcomes included EMT on trigger day, clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR)., Results: r-hFSH/r-hLH significantly increased EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.42; I 2 = 13%), but reduced oocyte number (MD = -0.60; 95% CI, -1.07 to -0.14; I 2 = 72%) and high-quality embryos (MD = -0.76; 95% CI, -1.41 to -0.10; I 2 = 94%) than r-hFSH alone, more pronounced with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist long protocol. A subgroup analysis showed r-hLH at 75 IU/day increased CPR (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49; I 2 = 16%) and EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.61; I 2 = 0%). Participants ≥35 years of age exhibited decreased retrieved oocytes (MD = -1.26; 95% CI, -1.78 to -0.74; I 2 = 29%), but an increase in EMT on trigger day (MD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11-0.42; I 2 = 29%)., Conclusion: r-hFSH/r-hLH during COS significantly improved EMT compared to r-hFSH alone. An r-hLH dose of 75 IU/day may be considered for optimal pregnancy outcomes, which still require further clinical studies to support this dosing regime., Systematic Review Registration: [www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42023454584]., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Mao, Hou, Feng, Wang, Fei, Zhao, Chen and Cheng.)

Marine rare actinomycetes are an important source of secondary metabolites. From a marine-derived actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. MYH522, four new macrolactams, fluvirucins B 7 -B 10 , together with known fluvirucin B 6 were isolated. Their structures were determined based on comprehensive analysis of HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data as well as by comparing 13 C NMR resonances and optical rotation values with those for related congeners. Fluvirucins are characterized by a 14-membered macrolactam attached by an aminosugar moiety. The discovery of fluvirucins B 6 -B 10 enriched the N -acetylated derivatives of fluvirucins. The diverse alkyl substituents at C-2 and C-6 implied substrate promiscuity in fluvirucin polyketide biosynthesis. These compounds didn't exhibit any antibacterial or antifungal activities when used alone, which suggested the importance of the free amino group in the antimicrobial activity of fluvirucins. However, fluvirucins B 6 , B 9 , and B 10 showed synergistic antifungal activity with fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant isolates of Candida albicans ., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)