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Two new xanthone glycosides (1–2), together with seven known analogues (3–9), were isolated from whole herb of Swertia punicea. The structures of these metabolites were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data reported in the literature. In an in vitro test, all isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. The results revealed that all of them showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.237 to 3.319 mM. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 (IC50 values in the range 1.237–1.987 mM) displayed more potent anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control, indomethacin (IC50 value of 2.004 mM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As culture has brought unlimited possibility and business opportunities, the countries propose the cultural and creative industry to strengthen the distinctive feature of their own, to distinguish the cultural differences of every country, and to avoid assimilation of powerful countries and neighbor countries, thereby revitalize the economy of that country. In countries affected by Austronesian culture, such as Taiwan and New Zealand, the rules by the Western colonial powers caused impact of different cultural uniqueness, which led to cultural differences. It is important to figure out the way to integrate exclusive cultures into diverse cultures in order to identify the cultural features of the country, promote the country's culture to others and realize the goal of the cultural and creative industry. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to provide the application of Fuzzy C‐means on cultural and creative products for designers. Finally, through the result of the design of case, cultural and creative products developed from Taiwan and New Zealand, fulfilled the purpose that the theory has been realized in practice, and the products successfully entered the markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new xanthones (1–2), together with four known ones (3–6), were isolated from whole herb ofSwertia elata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Their anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-TMV) activity test revealed that1–6showed weak anti-TMV activities with inhibition rate in the range of 15.2–28.8% at the concentration of 20 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the recent years, great importance has been shown toward the cultural creativity in Taiwan. Cultural identification and determining how best to apply it to commercial products require investigating and compiling a vast amount of cultural information, along with the individual ideas of designers, to develop new cultural products. During the product development and design process, the color scheme is the final and most important element. It not only represents the first image of the product but also elicits the important first-sight impression of consumers. Consequently, color ranks first in cultural commodity development. By understanding the Taiwanese culture, as well as assessing, verifying, and internalizing it into the materials that can be used by the designers, this study uses an artificial neural network system and simplifies the collected pictures that are representative of the Taiwanese culture into groups of different matching colors to assist designers in developing cultural commodities with different features and according to different cultural styles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 341-351, 2015 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ternary potassium cobalt stannide, K13CoSn17- x ( x = 0.1), was obtained by reacting the mixture of the corresponding pure elements at high temperature, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. K13CoSn17- x ( x = 0.1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) with a = 26.2799(7) Å, b = 24.1541(6) Å, c = 29.8839(6) Å, V = 18969.3(8) Å3, and Z = 16. Its structure contains isolated [CoSn9] monocapped square antiprism and [Sn4] tetrahedron in the ratio 1:2, forming a hierarchical variant of Laves phase MgZn2. The structural relation between the title compound with MgZn2 as well as other binary stannides is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a simple scheme to generate type four-charge entangled states by using SQUID-based charge qubits capacitively coupled to a transmission line resonator (TLR). The coupling between the superconducting qubit and the TLR can be effectively controlled by properly adjusting the control parameters of the charge qubit. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is also shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the occlusal canting and the bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space in adult and juvenile mandibular deviation patients and study the mutual influence between the occlusal canting and mandibular position, in order to provide references for clinical treatment., Methods: CBCT data of mandibular deviation patients（20 adults，20 juveniles）were selected. Inivo5 Dental Anatomage software was used to reconstruct the structures. The occlusal cant and vertical height of the bilateral maxillary from canines to first molars were measured, and the vertical heights difference between the same teeth on both sides was calculated. The anterior, superior and posterior space of temporomandibular joint were measured respectively in both groups. Pearson correlation analysis between the occlusal canting and bilateral condylar space was carried out by using SPSS 17.0 software package., Results: In the juvenile group, negative correlations were found between the occlusal cant and the superior TMJ space on the deviated side (P＜0.05). Negative correlation was found between the vertical height difference of bilateral canines and the anterior TMJ space on the deviated side in the juvenile group(P＜0.05). In the adult group, no significant correlation was observed among those correlated examination (P＞0.05)., Conclusons: The occlusal canting is moderately correlated with mandibular position in the early stage of mandibular deviation patients. Early treatment of mandibular deviation is of great importance in preventing its progression into severe skeletal malocclusion, and more attention should be paid on the correction of the canted frontal occlusion plane.

Due to increasing active nitrogen pollution loads, river systems have become an important source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) in many areas. Due to the lack of monitoring data in many studies as well as the difficulty in estimating intermediate parameters and expressing temporal-spatial variability in current methods, a high level of uncertainty remains in the estimates of riverine N 2 O emission quantity. Based on the monthly monitoring efforts conducted for 10 sampling sites across the Yonganxi River system in Zhejiang Province from June 2016 to July 2019, the temporal and spatial dynamics of riverine N 2 O dissolved concentrations ρ (N 2 O), N 2 O fluxes, and their influencing factors were addressed. A multiple regression model was then developed for predicating riverine N 2 O emission flux to estimate annual N 2 O emission quantity for the entire river system. The results indicated that observed riverine ρ (N 2 O) (0.03-2.14 μg·L -1 ) and the N 2 O fluxes[1.32-82.79 μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 ] varied by 1-2 orders of magnitude of temporal-spatial variability. The temporal and spatial variability of ρ (N 2 O) were mainly influenced by the concentrations of nitrate, ammonia, and dissolved organic carbon, whereas the N 2 O emission fluxes were mainly affected by river water discharges and ρ (N 2 O). A multiple regression model that incorporates variables of river water discharge and ρ (N 2 O) could explain 90% of the variability in riverine N 2 O emission fluxes and has high accuracy. The model estimated N 2 O emission quantity from the entire Yonganxi River system of 3.67 t·a -1 , with 29% from the main stream and 71% from the tributaries. The IPCC default emission factor method might greatly overestimate and underestimate N 2 O emission quantities for rivers impacted by low and high pressures of human activities, respectively. This study advances our quantitative understanding of N 2 O emission for the entire river system and provides a reference method for estimating riverine N 2 O emission with more accuracy.

Purpose: To investigate the changes of condyle position by decreasing posterior occlusal plane angle in Class II high angle cases., Methods: Fifteen Class II high angle patients, aged from 15 to 30, were treated. Before treatment, ANB>5°, FH-MP>32°, molar relationship was Class II bilaterally. The treatment began with aligning and leveling the upper and lower dental arch, then the upper arch was expanded when necessary. Multiloop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) was used to guide the mandible forward and flatten the posterior occlusal plane. Cone-beam CT(CBCT) was taken for each patient before and after treatment. The anterior, superior and posterior spaces of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) were measured respectively, and the posterior occlusal plane angle was also measured. Paired t test was used to evaluate the changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle, and pearson correlation coefficients was used to determine the correlation between changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle using SPSS 19 software package., Results: Class II molar relationship of all patients was improved to Class I, and the profile was improved. Posterior and superior space of TMJ increased by 0.88 mm±0.17 mm and 0.45 mm±0.20 mm on average respectively, and both increases were significant. Posterior occlusal plane was flattened, POP-SN and POP-FH decreased by 3.59°±2.31° and 2.31°±3.62°, respectively, and the decreases were significant. Pearson's correlation test showed no significant correlation between changes of condyle position and posterior occlusal plane angle., Conclusions: In orthodontic treatment of Class II high angle cases, the condyle can be changed to anterior and inferior position by decreasing posterior occlusal plane angle.

The regulation mechanism of arecoline on rat hepatic CYP2E1 was studied in vivo. After oral administration of arecoline hydrobromide (AH; 4, 20 and 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) to rats for one week, the hepatic CYP2E1 mRNA level remained unchanged, but the hepatic CYP2E1 protein content was dose-dependently increased. Additionally, although the hepatic CYP2E1 activity was induced by AH treatment, the induction was attenuated with the increase in dosage. The results indicate that the effect of arecoline on rat hepaticdoes not involve transcriptional activation of the gene, but largely involves the stabilization of CYP2E1 protein against degradation or increased efficiency of CYP2E1 mRNA translation, and additionally involve the post- ranslational modification of CYP2E1 protein. Furthermore, the CYP2E1 response is fairly equal among the different species, the induction of rat hepatic CYP2E1 by arecoline suggests that there is a risk of metabolic interaction among the substrate drugs of CYP2E1 in betel-quid use human.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(8)H(6)N(2)O(2)·C(8)H(5)NO(6)·H(2)O, contains mol-ecules of 1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, 5-nitro-isophthalic acid and a solvent water. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.