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A ZnMoO4 porous nanosheet with oxygen vacancies (ZnMoO4-OV) was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and the hydrogenation reduction method. The ZnMoO4-OV porous nanosheet delivers a higher specific surface area together with a more diverse pore size distribution compared to the ZnMoO4 nanosheet. The density functional theory calculation results exhibit that ZnMoO4-OV has lower energy band gap (3.019 eV) than ZnMoO4 (1.92 eV). The electronic density of states plots reveal that ZnMoO4-OV possesses higher electron state distribution at the Fermi energy level than ZnMoO4. ZnMoO4-OV porous sheet achieves higher specific capacitance (1673 g−1) than ZnMoO4 (797 F g−1) at 2 mA cm−2. It also achieves superior capacitance retention rate (82.9%) to ZnMoO4 (48.6%) with the current density increasing from 2 to 20 mA cm−2. The introduction of oxygen vacancies can increase the carrier density, accelerate the electron transfer, promote the electrical conductivity, and accordingly strengthen the redox reactivity of ZnMoO4-OV. An asymmetric supercapacitor is also constructed by using ZnMoO4-OV as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. It achieves a high energy density of 60.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1, together with a good cycle life. Both experimental measurements and theorical calculations are applied to prove the promotive role of oxygen vacancies to achieve the supercapacitive performance of ZnMoO4-OV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a novel spherical parallel manipulator. The spherical parallel manipulator consists of three identical limbs and each of them is formed by a planar parallelogram linkage, a universal joint, and a revolute one, successively. Its mobility is analyzed using the reciprocal screws. After that, the kinematics is analyzed in detail, including inverse kinematic modeling, which is validated by a numerical example, inverse Jacobian analysis, singularity analysis, and manipulability analysis, which shows a relatively good performance of force transmission. Then based on the analysis, one prototype is fabricated to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the design. In the end, some conclusions are drawn and future works are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeS-based nanomaterials are widely used in Fenton-like reaction of antibiotics degradation. However, the problems of poor stability and low reusability limit the catalytic efficiency. Herein, the study ingeniously introduced the g-C 3 N 4 into FeS to synthesize g-C 3 N 4 @biogenic FeS (CN-BF-1) nanocomposite with strong interaction of iron ions and "N-pots" by the mediation of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). Results indicated the g-C 3 N 4 accelerated SRB metabolism and improved the mineralization and stability of FeS to well-crystallized mackinawite. The CN-BF-1 can efficiently adsorb and degrade antibiotics compared with FeS and g-C 3 N 4 , and bear a broad pH range which further proved the increase of stability. The toxicity studies showed ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation solution hardly caused ecotoxicity and induced antibiotic resistance genes, while CN-BF-1 can be regenerated by SRB in this solution with chemical and enzymatic reduction of Fe(III)-mud to achieve efficient CIP degradation (99.9%). Finally, the mechanism part showed that CN-BF-1 can activate H 2 O 2 to form 1 O 2 and •OH which played the main roles in the catalysis process. The work paves the way for a novel approach to intensify iron-based photo-Fenton system in sustainable remediation of antibiotic wastewater, upon which the high-efficiency removal and non-toxic degradation solution of antibiotic contamination are expected., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a decoction from Traditional Chinese Medicine, on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and to propose the possible underlying mechanism., Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, prednisone group and DBT group. Pulmonary fibrosis rat model was established by intratracheal injection with bleomycin. Body weight and lung index were monitored. Histopathologic examination and collagen deposition were determined using Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to observe the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). mRNA expression of α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in serum were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Alkali hydrolysis method was conducted to investigate the content of hydroxyproline (HYP). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) protein level were examined by Western blot assay., Results: DBT significantly reduced the severity of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation as indicated by minimizing the lost of weight, and by lowering the levels of lung index, inflammation score, Ashcroft score, collagen volume fraction (%), HYP, α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, Smad3 and PAI-1, consistent with the effect of prednisone., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that DBT is able to ameliorate the pulmonary fibrosis, the possible mechanism may involve inhibition of pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition, possibly via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad3/PAI-1 signaling pathway.

Poor stability existed in the anaphase of the high-cell-density fermentation of Saccharomyces crevisiae for S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) production in 5 L fermentor. To improve the fermentation stability, we studied the addition of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium glutamate and adenosine disodium triphosphate into glucose feeding solution. Study of four fed-batch cultures showed that, after 34 h fermentation, when dry cell weight reached 100 g/L, the addition of 50 g pre-L-methionine and glucose feeding with 10 g/L adenosine disodium triphosphate was optimal for SAM production. Under this condition, after 65.7 h fermentation, both the dry cell weight and the yield of SAM reached the maximum, 180 g/L and 17.1 g/L respectively.

The yield of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) on high-cell-density fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae is mostly affected by the feeding strategy of pre-L-methionine. The mutant strain SAM0801 that could accumulate more SAM was used in this study. Six high-cell-density fermentation experiments in 5 L fermentor were investigated to get the optimal feeding time and amount of L-methionine. The results showed that when 40 g L-methionine was added in the fermentor after 30 h fermentation, a dry cell weight of 100 g/L was achieved. Under this condition, after 58 h fermentation, both the dry cell weight and the yield of SAM reached the maximum, 168 g/L and 14.48 g/L respectively.