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This is the first in a series of papers in which we describe and report the analysis of a large survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars in circular spectropolarimetry. Using the ESPaDOnS and Narval high-resolution spectropolarimeters at the Canada–France–Hawaii and Bernard Lyot Telescopes, respectively, we have acquired 132 circularly polarized spectra of 70 Herbig Ae/Be stars and Herbig candidates. The large majority of these spectra are characterized by a resolving power of about 65 000, and a spectral coverage from about 3700 Å to 1 μm. The peak signal-to-noise ratio per CCD pixel ranges from below 100 (for the faintest targets) to over 1000 (for the brightest). The observations were acquired with the primary aim of searching for magnetic fields in these objects. However, our spectra are suitable for a variety of other important measurements, including rotational properties, variability, binarity, chemical abundances, circumstellar environment conditions and structure, etc. In this paper, we describe the sample selection, the observations and their reduction, and the measurements that will comprise the basis of much of our following analysis. We describe the determination of fundamental parameters for each target. We detail the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) that we have applied to each of our spectra, including the selection, editing and tuning of the LSD line masks. We describe the fitting of the LSD Stokes I profiles using a multicomponent model that yields the rotationally broadened photospheric profile (providing the projected rotational velocity and radial velocity for each observation) as well as circumstellar emission and absorption components. Finally, we diagnose the longitudinal Zeeman effect via the measured circular polarization, and report the longitudinal magnetic field and Stokes V Zeeman signature detection probability. As an appendix, we provide a detailed review of each star observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palace Leas meadow hay plots have received different annual manure and fertilizer applications since 1897 and represent the second oldest permanent grassland experiment in the world. Although the soil properties have diverged as a result of the experimental treatments since 1897, the soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of the plots have remained largely unchanged between the 1980s and 2006. In this study we have determined the effects of contrasting manure and fertilizer treatments on the total N contents of the soil, the recalcitrance of soil organic matter, the contributions made from different depths to the overall C mineralization, and the distribution of soil microbial biomass in the soil profiles. Relative to the control plot, which has received no manure or fertilizer additions since 1897, the two plots that have received manure or P plus K contain significantly more N, which in the case of the P plus K plot is consistent with abundant Trifolium spp. in the sward. The plot that has received farmyard manure (FYM) contained 11% more N than the control. The two plots that received large inputs of (NH)SO and which have consequently become highly acidic (around pH 4) contain 15-27% less N than the control despite the N addition and the accumulation of SOC in these plots. The plot that has only received P has also apparently lost total N (20%) relative to the control. The rates of C mineralization of the microbial biomass were closely related to total SOC contents but have been positively influenced by the increased N in the P plus K plot. Values for soil N, C mineralization rate and microbial C are reported because such data from sites that have been under known long-term known land-use are extremely rare and because there is increasing realization of the potential importance of soil data, especially biological characteristics, for monitoring environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report of widespread declines in soil organic C (SOC) in the UK over the 10–25 years until the early 2000s has focussed attention on the importance of resampling previously characterized sites to assess long-term trends in SOC contents and the importance of soils as a potentially volatile and globally significant reservoir of terrestrial C. We have used two sets of long-term experimental plots which have been under constant and known management for over a century and for which historical data exist that allow comparison over recent decades to determine what, if any, changes in SOC content have occurred. The plots used are the Palace Leas (PL) Meadow Hay Plots in north-east England (UK) established in 1897, and from the Park Grass (PG) Continuous Hay experiment established in 1856 at Rothamsted in south-east England. Collectively, these plots represent the only grassland sites in the UK under long-term management where changes in SOC over several decades can be assessed, and are probably unique in the world. The plots have received different manure and fertilizer treatment and have been under known management for at least 100 years. In 1982, total SOC contents were determined for the 0–27 cm layer of six of the PL plots using measurements of SOC concentrations, bulk density and soil depth. In 2006, the same six PL plots were resampled and SOC contents determined again. Four of the plots showed no net change in SOC content, but two plots showed net loss of SOC of 15% and 17% (amounting to decreases of 18 and 15 t C ha−1) since 1982. However, these differences in total SOC content were in a similar range to the variations in bulk density (6–31%) with changing soil water content. In 1959, the soil masses and SOC concentrations to 23 cm depth were measured on six PG plots with fertilizer and manure treatments corresponding closely with those measured on PL. In 2002, the SOC concentrations on the same plots were measured again. On three of the PG plots, SOC concentrations had declined by 2–10%, but in the other three it had increased by 4–8% between 1959 and 2002. If it is assumed that the soil bulk density had not changed over this period, the losses of SOC from the top soils ranged range from 10 to 3 t C ha−1, while the gains ranged from 4 to 7 t C ha−1. When the differences with time in SOC contents for the six PL and the six PG plots were examined using paired t-tests, that is, regarding the plots as two sets of six replicate permanent grasslands, there were no significant differences between 1982 and 2006 for the PL plots or between 1959 and 2002 for the PG plots. Thus, these independent observations on similar plots at PL and PG indicate there has been no consistent decrease in SOC stocks in surface soils under old, permanent grassland in England in recent decades, even though meteorological records for both sites indicate significant warming of the soil and air between 1980 and 2000. Because the potential influences of changes in management or land use have been definitively excluded, and measured rather than derived bulk densities have been used to convert from SOC concentrations to SOC amounts, our observations question whether for permanent grassland in England, losses in SOC in recent decades reported elsewhere can be attributed to widespread environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criteria have been defined to quantify a personality characteristic-termed locus of control. The criterion at one extreme of this range was referred to as external, indicating a belief that health was determined by a variety of other factors such as powerful other individuals or by chance. The criterion at the other extreme was termed internal, indicating a belief that health might be modified by the behaviour pattern of the individual. Locus of control scales have been used to relate psychological factors to physical disease, and the response of patients to disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether locus of control could be used to anticipate the response of subjects to a plaque control programme. A study was carried out on 14 males and 46 females to investigate the relationship between the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) and the response of a group of office workers to a plaque control programme. It was found that there was significant correlation between the external MHLC dimension of powerful others and improvement in some of the clinical criteria; a similar result was found for the internal dimension of the MHLC. In contrast, there was minimal correlation between the external dimension of the MHLC termed chance and the clinical results. It was concluded that subjects who perceive their susceptibility to disease being influenced by powerful external factors or who believe that susceptibility can be controlled by their own actions, respond more positively to a plaque control regime than those subjects who consider that susceptibility to disease is an event of chance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to assess the response of patients to a course of instruction in plaque control as influenced by friends and relatives. The subjects in the study were 41 patients who had been referred to a dental hospital for treatment. There was a major reduction in plaque and gingivitis levels in the subjects at both the 10th and 14th weeks of the study. There was a greater proportional reduction in gingivitis levels in those subjects who had a higher number of reported discussions with their friends. The effect of discussions with members of the family was less clear. Lower values for gingivitis levels at 10 weeks were associated with a higher number of discussions with parents. However the levels of gingivitis tended to be adversely affected by discussions between the subjects and their spouses. The importance of recognising the influence of family and friendship networks needs to be understood when preventive programmes are designed, especially where high levels of self-care are sought as outcomes. Further work is in progress on a group of office workers being treated in a dental practice environment. This will allow the type of advice being obtained from the various contacts to be investigated in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the conventional gingivectomy procedure is indicated to achieve optimum gingival contour and to eliminate supra-alveolar pockets where these do not extend beyond the muco-gingival junction. The instrument of choice for the procedure is a gingivectomy knife. Where a blood-free field is required, electrosurgery may be used provided the instrument is not brought into contact with bone. The maintenance of good oral hygiene is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue if periodontal disease is preventable in Great Britain. The requirement for the prevention of a disease is the knowledge of its aetiology. The nonspecific plaque theory asserts the primary role of oral bacteria and state that gingival inflammation is produced by accumulations of bacterial plaque in proximity to the gingival margin. A summary of the body of evidence is also emphasized in the article.

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A test group of 22 subjects who had been taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for periods in excess of one year were matched with a control group of 22 office workers with reference to age and Plaque Index. It was found that the test group had significantly lower values of Gingival Index and shallower depths of pockets than the control group of subjects. There was a trend also for there to be less loss of attachment in the test group. These results were interpreted as indicating that anti-inflammatory drugs may influence the response of the periodontal tissues to plaque by reducing the prostaglandin concentration in the tissues. The slight decrease in loss of attachment in the test group may also be explained by the reduction in prostaglandin synthesis in the subjects taking anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California mussels Mytilus californianus owe their, tenacity to a holdfast known as the byssus, a fibrous extracellular structure that ends distally in flattened adhesive plaques. The ‘footprints’ of freshly secreted plaques deposited onto glass coverslips were shown by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to consist chiefly of proteins ranging in mass from 5200 to 6700 Da. These proteins, variants of a family known as mcfp3 (M. californianus foot protein 3), were purified from acetic acid/urea extracts of plaques and foot tissue. Mcfp3 appears to sort into fast and slow electrophoretic variants. Both are rich in Gly and Asn and exhibit post-translational hydroxylation of Tyr and Arg to Dopa and 4-hydroxyarginine, respectively, with the fast variant containing more than twice as much Lys + Arg. Both the slow and fast variants were partially sequenced from the N terminus, and the complete sequences of 12 variants were deduced from cDNA using degenerate oligonucleotides, PCR, and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Mcfp3s are highly polar molecules and contain up to 28 mol % Dopa, which remains intact and may be crucial for adhesion to metal and mineral surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major source of toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used in firefighting and training at airports and military installations, however, PFAS have many additional sources in consumer products and industrial processes. A field study was conducted on fish tissues from three reaches of the Columbia Slough, located near Portland International Airport, OR, that are affected by AFFF and other PFAS sources. Fishes including largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were collected in 2019 and 2020. Fish blood, liver, and fillet (muscle) were analyzed for target and suspect PFAS by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data were analyzed for patterns by fish species, tissue type, and river reach. Thirty-three out of 50 target PFAS and additional suspect compounds were detected at least once during the study, at concentrations up to 856 ng/g. Seven carboxylic acids (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA), three sulfonates (PFHxS, PFOS, PFDS), three electrofluorination-based compounds (FBSA, FHxSA, FOSA), and two fluorotelomer-based compounds (8:2 FTS, 10:2 FTS) were the most frequently detected compounds in all tissue types. The C6 (PFHxS) to C10 (PFDS) homologs were detected with PFOS and FHxSA at concentrations 1-3 orders of magnitude greater than the other PFAS detected. This is the first report of Cl-PFOS, FPeSA, and FHpSA detected in fish tissue. In all fish samples, fillet concentrations of PFAS were the lowest, followed by liver, and blood concentrations of PFAS were the highest. Differences in PFAS concentrations were driven primarily by tissue types and to a lesser extent fish species, but weakly by river reach. The Oregon Health Authority modified an existing fish consumption advisory on the Columbia Slough to recommend no whole-body consumption of most fish to avoid elevated levels of PFOS in fish liver. Measured PFAS concentrations in fish tissues indicate the potential for adverse ecological effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: To compare real-world data from a single centre heart failure rehabilitation programme, evaluating the effect of programme completion and improved functional capacity on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure., Design: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of service outcomes., Setting: A single-centre London based NHS trust., Participants: Patients attending heart failure rehabilitation between 2016 and 2020., Intervention: Patients participated in a 12-week heart failure rehabilitation programme with those completing ≥6 rehabilitation sessions classified as 'completers'., Main Measures: Pre and post 6-min walk tests measured improvement in physical ability, depicted by a meaningful increase in distance (≥30 m). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to predict risk of event (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, heart failure readmission and death) between 'completers' and 'non-completers'. Kaplan-Meier Log rank was employed for 'completers', examining time to event between 'improvers' (6-min walk test ≥30 m) and 'non-improvers' (6-min walk test <30 m)., Results: 137 patients (male 61%) attended heart failure rehabilitation over the 4-year period. 86% ( n = 117) of patients completed the programme. During the follow-up period, there were 25 events, including three deaths. There was no statistically significant difference in time to event between completers and non-completers, ( P = 0.563). Improvement in 6-min walk test results demonstrate some short-term benefit, however no long-term benefits in morbidity and mortality were seen ( P = 0.888)., Conclusions: Completion of heart failure rehabilitation is not associated with a lower risk of combined event in this study. Improved 6-min walk test appears to be associated with short-term advantage in event-free survival time.

Introduction: While many professional associations within clinical and counseling psychology have made an aspirational call for clinician awareness of social position, there is a lack of research into how socially-conferred privilege impacts psychotherapy. Specifically of interest is the differences in race and gender within the therapeutic dyad, in which there is a BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and Persons of Color)/white or male/female-identified dynamic., Method: The authors utilized a Grounded Theory approach to analyze qualitative interviews with practicing psychologists to construct a process model regarding how socially-conferred privileged identity domains impact the therapeutic relationship and the participants' professionalization process., Results: The analysis identified the core conceptual theme of the Therapist Paragon, representing an idealized version of what a perfect therapist should be. This replicated the foundational figures of our field - primarily older, white men. The process model consisted of two distinct pathways toward the Therapist Paragon, one for BIPOC psychologists and one for white psychologists. The female BIPOC pathway consisted of imposter syndrome, persistent feelings of inadequacy, and tendencies to over-credential their professional identity to seek credibility in the eyes of clients and colleagues. The white pathway consisted of down-playing whiteness and attempting to initially modify behavior toward client cultural norms., Discussion: The results point to a distinct professionalization and practice process for BIPOC psychologists compared to white counterparts. This dynamic may have implications beyond increasing support for BIPOC clinicians specifically, but instead indicate a lack of acknowledgement of the psychological impact of socially-conferred privilege in the psychotherapy enterprise overall. Recommendations are offered for revisions to training models, continuing education, and supervision/consultation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Bergkamp, O’Leary Sloan, Krizizke, Lash, Trantel, Vaught, Fulmer, Waite, Martin, Scheiderer and Olson.)

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic brought disruption to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services in the UK, requiring innovation and use of remote interventions. This retrospective longitudinal study compares single-centre CR service data across three time periods: 'pre' (June 2019 to December 2019), 'during' (January 2020 to May 2020) and 'post' (June 2020 to December 2020), evaluating adaptations in programme delivery and subsequent effect on efficiency. There were 614 patients (72.7% male) identified between June 2019 and December 2020. Eligible CR referrals reduced 30.3% and encountered >50% decrease in engagement 'during' the pandemic, compared with 'pre' pandemic. The 'post' pandemic hybrid redesign led to a significant reduction in hospital discharge to CR contact (mean 5.39 days, p=0.001), and time spent in CR (41.33 days, p=0.001) when compared with 'pre' and 'during' figures. CR engagement significantly increased 'post' pandemic for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)/non-STEMI (NSTEMI)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (56%, p=0.02) and 'post' cardiac surgery (76%, p=0.015). Referrals to cardiac psychology increased >50% 'post' pandemic (7.8%, p=0.038). A 'post' pandemic hybrid CR programme is effective at reducing wait times, increasing engagement and reducing time to completion of CR, compared with 'pre' and 'during' pandemic figures. A significant increase in cardiac psychology referrals 'post' pandemic highlights the importance of psychology support within CR., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None declared., (Copyright © 2023 Medinews (Cardiology) Limited.)

Background: Twelve weeks of renal rehabilitation (RR) have been shown to improve exercise capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, survival following RR has not been examined., Methods: This study included a retrospective longitudinal analysis of clinical service outcomes. Programme completion and improvement in exercise capacity, characterised as change in incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), were analysed with Kaplan-Meier survival analyses to predict risk of a combined event including death, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction and hospitalisation for heart failure in a cohort of patients with CKD. Time to combined event was examined with Kaplan-Meier plots and log rank test between 'completers' (attended >50% planned sessions) and 'non-completers'. In completers, time to combined event was examined between 'improvers' (≥50 m increase ISWT) and 'non-improvers' (<50 m increase). Differences in time to combined event were investigated with Cox proportional hazards models (adjusted for baseline kidney function, body mass index, diabetes, age, gender, ethnicity, baseline ISWT and smoking status)., Results: In all, 757 patients (male 54%) (242 haemodialysis patients, 221 kidney transplant recipients, 43 peritoneal dialysis patients, 251 non-dialysis CKD patients) were referred for RR between 2005 and 2017. There were 193 events (136 deaths) during the follow-up period (median 34 months). A total of 43% of referrals were classified as 'completers', and time to event was significantly greater when compared with 'non-completers' (P = 0.009). Responding to RR was associated with improved event-free survival time (P = 0.02) with Kaplan-Meier analyses and log rank test. On multivariate analysis, completing RR contributed significantly to the minimal explanatory model relating clinical variables to the combined event (overall χ2 = 38.0, P < 0.001). 'Non-completers' of RR had a 1.6-fold [hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-2.58] greater risk of a combined event (P = 0.048). Change in ISWT of >50 m contributed significantly to the minimal explanatory model relating clinical variables to mortality and morbidity (overall χ2 = 54.0, P < 0.001). 'Improvers' had a 40% (hazard ratio = 0.6; 95% CI 0.36-0.98) independent lower risk of a combined event (P = 0.041)., Conclusions: There is an association between completion of an RR programme, and also RR success, and a lower risk of a combined event in this observational study. RR interventions to improve exercise capacity in patients with CKD may reduce risk of morbidity and mortality, and a pragmatic randomised controlled intervention trial is warranted., (© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of ERA-EDTA.)