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The article reports on the clinical meeting of the British Association of Dermatology held at Royal Newcastle Hospital in New South Wales on February 29, 1964 and it was presided by Dr. John Rae. The topic of the meeting was skin diseases. It presents the details of the case history of the patients, their examination, biopsy and investigative results. The report is followed by the comments of several dermatologists and their conclusive diagnosis of the disease. The cases referred to include severe cases of lesions.

The article focuses on the mechanism of the formation of ulcers. &Oelig;dema is usually the first condition to appear, at first sight, but gradually increasing in extent. At this point œdema by itself apparently is not sufficient to cause leg ulceration, as the ulceration does not occur even in gross cardiac or renal œdema and lymphœdema. The difference in the reactions to the latter œdemata and that which causes ulceration seems to lie in the increased venous pressure which apparently leads to the diapedesis of cells and proteins into the tissue.

A clinical meeting of the British Association of Dermatology was held at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney on 10th September, 1958. Nine case reports were discussed there. Two of them have been discussed in the article. First case is of a male patient with Pseudo Xanthoma Elasticum. He developed a rash on the sides of the neck, groins and on the lower abdomen. After three months of treatment, there was definite improvement in abdominal lesions. Another case is of a White male patient infected with Tinea Imbricta. He had rashes all over legs, lower body and left arm for many months. It was found that Tinea Imbricta is notoriously resistent to treatment.

The article presents information on systemic lupus erythematosus. The disease may exhibit a predilection for damaging certain tissues or organs of an individual, the lesions of these tissues may undergo repair, later, other tissues or organs may be involved. According to authors, in some cases the disease may manifest itself very early in life and may cover a whole life's span never threatening life, or perhaps not doing so until it ends in the myocarditis or nephritis of old age. The factors responsible for triggering or exacerbating some episodes are exposure to sunlight, the exhibition of many drugs and antibiotics, and the injection of sera, acute mental stress, pregnancy, the menopause and surgical procedures.

This study is based on facts elicited during a survey of the incidence of skin neoplasms in private and hospital practice. The project is a long-range one, undertaken to assess: the incidence of skin neoplasm in a cross-section of population, aetiological factors governing this incidence, and the results of varying types of treatment. In spite of these widely varying methods of treatment, nowhere has one been able to discover any method of evaluation of results except as cured or recurrence. Nowhere is any mention made of the next most important consideration, namely cosmetic and functional results.

The article focuses on the relationship between sun-baths and the increasing number of cases of dermatologic melanoma, or skin cancer. For over sixty years a wealth of evidence has produced a general consensus of opinion that the action of ultra violet light plays a major part in the production of most cases of carcinoma of the skin. However, the mechanism by which ultra violet light produces skin damage has not been completely elucidated. The Australian morbidity and mortality is the highest in the world showing a total 458 deaths during 1963 from malignant melanoma and skin carcinoma. The average age for their development is sixty and the areas affected are the face, the ears and neck and the dorsa of the hands. There is, however, no evidence that the longer the exposure to the alleged carcinogen the greater the incidence of the tumors.

Apparently reproducible preparations of molecular weight 30,000 have been obtained from cortical-cell residues (from acid digestion) by treating cold reduced solutions with acrylonitrile under nitrogen. The yield is 15 to 20% of the original wool or 20 to 30% of the isolated cortical-cell residues. This recovered product is lower in sulphur and in amino nitrogen content than either the original wools or the cortical-cell residues. The product of molecular weight 30,000 is provisionally related to the α1-keratose fraction of oxidized wool, or corresponding kerateine fractions, by hydrolytic fission of, on the averages not more than two peptide bonds per chain. The low-molecular-weight, high-sulphur fraction that is lost by dialysis or failure to precipitate is related to the γ-keratose fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma in challenging anatomical locations such as the face, acral surfaces, and mucosal areas presents unique hurdles for surgical excision. This review examines alternative nonsurgical treatment modalities in the context of these complexities, addressing the gaps in current guidelines and the varied efficacy of existing therapies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The review focuses on peer‐reviewed articles discussing nonsurgical treatment options for melanoma in complex anatomical locations. Articles were screened by three independent researchers, ensuring a broad analysis of topical agents, immunotherapies, radiotherapies, and targeted therapies. The review highlights significant advancements in localized treatments such as imiquimod and intralesional therapy with talimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC), which show promise in managing nonexcisable melanomas. BRAF and MEK inhibitors, as well as checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA‐4 and PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathways, demonstrate improved survival rates but pose challenges with resistance and systemic side effects. Radiotherapy serves as an adjunctive strategy due to melanoma's inherent radioresistant properties. Despite advancements, there is a notable absence of comprehensive, evidence‐based protocols to guide the treatment of melanoma in these critical areas. This paper underscores the need for standardized treatment guidelines that account for the efficacy, side effects, and psychosocial impacts of therapies. Future research should focus on refining existing treatments and exploring innovative modalities to enhance patient outcomes in the management of nonexcisable melanomas. Comprehensive guidelines and long‐term efficacy studies are essential to optimize care and improve the quality of life for patients afflicted with melanoma in challenging anatomical locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridization has been recognized to play important roles in evolution, however studies of the genetic consequence are still lagging behind in vertebrates due to the lack of appropriate experimental systems. Fish of the genus Xiphophorus are proposed to have evolved with multiple ancient and ongoing hybridization events. They have served as an informative research model in evolutionary biology and in biomedical research on human disease for more than a century. Here, we provide the complete genomic resource including annotations for all described 26 Xiphophorus species and three undescribed taxa and resolve all uncertain phylogenetic relationships. We investigate the molecular evolution of genes related to cancers such as melanoma and for the genetic control of puberty timing, focusing on genes that are predicted to be involved in pre-and postzygotic isolation and thus affect hybridization. We discovered dramatic size-variation of some gene families. These persisted despite reticulate evolution, rapid speciation and short divergence time. Finally, we clarify the hybridization history in the entire genus settling disputed hybridization history of two Southern swordtails. Our comparative genomic analyses revealed hybridization ancestries that are manifested in the mosaic fused genomes and show that hybridization often preceded speciation. The phylogenetic and hybridization history of Xiphophorus fish remains contentious, despite their long-standing role as models in evolutionary biology and human disease research. This study presents a complete genome resource that resolves the previously conflicting phylogeny and evolutionary history of the group, revealing that hybridizations preceded speciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of new bridge piles adjacent to existing subway tunnels poses a significant threat to the safety of the tunnels. To accurately assess the impact of the construction of the steel casing of bridge piles on nearby subway tunnels, a simplified analytical method incorporating a mechanical model is developed in this study. Specifically, modified calculation formulas for the additional force are proposed, taking into consideration the characteristics of casing segmental construction and the soil-squeezing effect. The two-stage analysis method is employed to determine the additional stress and longitudinal vertical deformation of the tunnel. Subsequently, a series of calculations are performed to gain further insights into the effects of varying lengths and diameters of bridge piles, as well as the relative distance between the pile and tunnel on the tunnel–pile interactions. As the construction depth increases, the existing tunnel experiences a slight initial rise followed by progressively larger settlement that eventually levels off. The maximum settlement exhibits a linear increase with the increasing length and diameter of the bridge piles, while it exponentially increases with decreasing relative distance between the pile and tunnel. Moreover, impact zones of varying degrees of the bridge pile construction on the nearby tunnel are proposed. Based on the Response Surface Methodology, the relative distance is found to exert the greatest influence on the deformation of the existing tunnel, and an optimal relationship among the parameters is provided. The theoretical results are well validated with field-measured data from a representative engineering project and numerical simulation results. The proposed solution can be proved to offer reasonable theoretical support for risk assessment of tunnels under the influence of adjacent piles construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‐photosensitive trichothiodystrophies (TTDs) are a diverse group of genodermatoses within the subset of conditions known as "sulphur‐deficient brittle hair" syndromes. A part of them has only recently been identified, revealing novel causative genes and very rare phenotypes of these genetic skin disorders. At the same time, the molecular basis of previously published and unresolved cases has been revealed through the introduction of innovative genetic techniques. We have previously described the facial phenotype of patients with the Photosensitive form of TTD during childhood. This study marks the beginning of an effort to expand the analysis to include individuals of the same age who do not have photosensitivity. Methods: A total of 26 facial portraits of TTD paediatric patients with Non‐photosensitivity from the literature were analysed using computer‐aided technologies, and their facial features were examined through a detailed clinical review. Results: Distinct facial features were identified in both Photosensitive and Non‐photosensitive TTDs. Conclusion: The present study has comprehensively elucidated the facial features in TTDs, encompassing the Non‐photosensitive clinical spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the potential of ChatGPT, a cutting-edge large language model in generative artificial intelligence (AI), to support the teaching of dialogic pedagogy to preservice teachers. A workshop was conducted with 29 preservice teachers, wherein ChatGPT and another prominent AI model, Bert, were sequentially integrated to facilitate real-time analysis and enhance the participants' learning experience. Data regarding preservice teachers' trust in and technology acceptance of ChatGPT and Bert, as well as their perceptions of ChatGPT's efficacy in facilitating their learning, were collected and analyzed. The findings indicate that the preservice teachers exhibited greater trust and technology acceptance regarding ChatGPT compared to the baseline model, Bert, for supporting their learning. However, the participants' satisfaction questionnaire responses indicated only moderate satisfaction with ChatGPT's facilitation of their learning of dialogic pedagogy. Thematic analyses of interviews further revealed the perceived strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT, as reported by preservice teachers. They expressed satisfaction with ChatGPT's comprehensiveness, interpretability, and critical analysis, which contributed positively to their learning experiences. Nevertheless, they also identified issues related to lengthiness, readability, and answer accuracy. This exploratory study highlights the potential of ChatGPT to help teach dialogic pedagogy, paving the way for future research to integrate generative AI into teacher learning programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]