Search

The improvement of recrystallization texture and magnetic properties in grain-oriented electrical steel with trace Bi addition processed by strip casting process was studied in this study. Low casting temperature and sufficient liquid steel flow during strip casting process enabled relatively homogeneous distribution of Bi in the as-cast strip, which accelerated the precipitation during solidification and cooling process. As a result, relatively high density of duplex MnS + AlN, MnS and AlN was formed at grain boundaries and inside grain. Due to the synergistic effect of continuous precipitation and fragmentation of coarse precipitates during cold rolling, the number density of precipitates was increased and mean size was decreased along the processing route. High density of precipitates is attributed to severe inhomogeneous plastic deformation, which promoted the formation of high density in-grain shear bands during cold rolling and recrystallization Goss texture during annealing. Homogeneous microstructure with average grain size of ~ 11.6 μm, strong Goss texture with intensity of 2.5 multiples of random distribution, fine precipitates with number density of ~ 1.9 × 109 /cm2 and mean size of ~ 49 nm were formed after primary recrystallization annealing. Furthermore, grain-oriented electrical steel with Bi addition experienced complete secondary recrystallization of exact Goss grains during high-temperature annealing, which is attributed to beneficial optimization of Goss texture and strong inhibition effect, and superior magnetic induction B8 of 1.91 T was obtained. It is expected that this study paves a new way for fabrication of high-performance grain-oriented electrical steel.

Rare or opportunistic fungal infections are mostly described in immunosuppressed patients. We present a case of a cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis that developed on the dorsal foot in an immunosuppressed woman suffering from AIDS, caused by a novel Phialemoniopsis species. It clinically presented as an indurated violaceous plaque, surmounted by nodules exuding a sero-purulent discharge. A filamentous fungus was isolated from pus and cutaneous biopsy. ITS and LSU sequences phylogenetically resolved the fungus as an unknown species of Phialemoniopsis, which is an unresolved family within Sordariomycetes. In this study we describe the new species as Phialemoniopsis limonesiae, which clusters on a single branch clearly separated from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. This new strain showed low MIC to itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole.

In order to help liver disease-related clinicians make rational decisions, the Inherited and Metabolic Liver Disease Cooperative Group of Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association released the 2022 edition guidelines for hepatolenticular degeneration diagnosis and treatment. This article introduces the ten highlights of this guideline from the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and so forth, with practicality and operability as prominent features.为帮助肝病相关临床医师在肝豆状核变性诊断和治疗中做出合理决策，中华医学会肝病学分会遗传代谢性肝病协作组发表了《肝豆状核变性诊疗指南（2022年版）》。该文介绍了该版指南在流行病学、发病机制、临床特点、实验室检查、诊断、治疗和监测等方面的十大亮点，其突出的特点是注重实用性和可操作性。.

Establishing landslide models plays a critical role in Natural Terrain Hazard Studies (NTHS). Conventional approaches adopted by NTHS practitioners may be subject to temporal and spatial limitations. In particular, landslide volume estimations are prone to inaccuracies using conventional approaches including direct, field-based measurements due to time and access constraints. With the rapid advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ‘Structure from Motion’ (SfM) technologies in recent years, digital methods are being developed to provide useful and practical tools, which can be applied quickly, to enhance the results of landslide mapping. In this paper, we present a natural terrain landslide case study from a cluster of landslides, which were probably triggered by an intense short-duration rainstorm on 6 June 2020 at Fei Ngo Shan, Kowloon.

Plane failure, a major class of rock block failures, will be considered kinematically feasible on a rock discontinuity if it fulfills certain criteria when plotted and analysed on a stereonet. However, it is often the case that this approach does not consider if a block is present above the discontinuity. With significant advances in digital surveying techniques in recent years, high-resolution 3D meshes can be readily produced for rock slope stability assessments. A semi-automatic, intersection-based approach has been developed by the authors to detect potentially adverse planar discontinuities and their intersections with planar blocks on 3D meshes. The approach involves the detection of the necessary geometrical conditions for a rock block located above a planar discontinuity and in a potentially detachable condition.

Nitrogen-centered radicals are versatile reactive intermediates for organic synthesis. This chapter describes recent progress in the electrochemical generation and reactions of nitrogen-centered radicals. Under electrochemical conditions, various nitrogen-centered radicals are generated through electrolysis of readily available precursors such as N—H bonds or azides. These reactive intermediates undergo addition reactions to π-systems or hydrogen-atom abstraction to generate various nitrogen-containing compounds.

The mass of the W boson, a mediator of the weak force between elementary particles, is tightly constrained by the symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. The Higgs boson was the last missing component of the model. After observation of the Higgs boson, a measurement of the W boson mass provides a stringent test of the model. We measure the W boson mass, MW, using data corresponding to 8.8 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a 1.96 tera-electron volt center-of-mass energy with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. A sample of approximately 4 million W boson candidates is used to obtain MW ¼ 80;433:5 T 6:4stat T 6:9syst ¼ 80;433:5 T 9:4 MeV=c2, the precision of which exceeds that of all previous measurements combined (stat, statistical uncertainty; syst, systematic uncertainty; MeV, mega-electron volts; c, speed of light in a vacuum). This measurement is in significant tension with the standard model expectation. © 2022 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques can provide noninvasive in vivo hemoglobin oxygenation information but suffer from relatively low resolution in biological tissue imaging. Microwave-induced thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) can produce high-resolution images of the biological tissue anatomy but offer limited physiological information of samples because of the single species of the chromophore it maps. To overcome these drawbacks and take advantage of the merits of the two independent techniques, we built a dual-modality system by combining a NIRS system and a TAT system to image biological tissues. A series of phantom trials were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the new system. The spatial resolution is about 1 mm, with a penetration depth of at least 17.5 mm in the human subject. A cohort of five healthy subjects was recruited to conduct real-time forearm venous and arterial cuff occlusion experiments. Numerous results showed that this dual-modality system could measure oxygen metabolism and simultaneously provide anatomical structure changes of biological tissues. We also found that although the hemoglobin concentration varied consistently with many other published papers, the TAT signal intensity of veins showed an opposite variation tendency in the venous occlusion stage compared with other existing work. A detailed explanation is given to account for the discrepancy, thus, providing another possibility for the forearm experiments using TAT. Furthermore, based on the multiple types of information afforded by this dual-modality system, a pilot clinical application for the diagnosis of anemia is discussed.

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading killers in the US for women. The American Cancer Society (ACR) ranks ovarian cancer as the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women. This cancer is hereditary, with higher risks if the patient has more relatives who have had ovarian cancer before. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) is a joint-effort project by NCI and NHGRI that generates genomic data for the cancer patients and matches normal data samples with these patients. Missense mutations are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in which the amino acids are changed. A missense variant could disrupt protein structures; thus the function of the disrupted protein is altered. In this study, we investigated genes with high expression levels in the TCGA RNA-seq dataset by characterizing protein structure change patterns of candidate genes due to missense mutations in association with ovarian cancer. We also analyzed the association of these genes with ovarian cancer prognosis. We aim to select genes that have pathogenic consequences. We selected 44 genes with the highest expression values based on TCGA ovarian cancer RNA-seq data. We then retrieved protein sequences from the Ensembl BioMart database and missense mutation annotation information from cBioPortal for 44 input genes. Specifically, the missense mutation dataset, which is projected by the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes, was retrieved from cBioPortal. We then used the Phyre2 database to predict the 3-D structures of the wild and mutated type genes to identify structural changes. However, some genes were not suitable for Phyre2 analysis. For example, RPL41 was not long enough for analysis with Phyre2 as it only had 25 amino acids whereas Phyre2 required 30. TMSL3 (TMSB4XP8) is a pseudogene not found in both NCBI and AlphaFold. We then searched DrugBank for 42 genes with the predicted protein structure changes by Phyre2 to identify drug targets. We also performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to further evaluate the clinical consequences of the candidate genes. Our preliminary results show 26 genes that have drug targets and several of them have been identified to either decrease or increase the survival rate when the expression is high in ovarian cancer patients. This indicates that the highly expressed genes with protein structure changes due to missense mutations could be potential biomarkers for treating ovarian cancer. The functional annotation study could further validate ovarian cancer association for our prioritized gene list. In the future, we also plan to compare prediction results between genders and race groups. Our results could guide medical researchers in prioritizing drug targets and developing better treatment strategies for ovarian cancer. Our approach in prioritizing candidate genes is applicable to other cancers as well, and we plan to develop bioinformatic pipelines for automatically predicting candidate genes with significant effect on patient survival for any cancer type. Citation Format: Ian W. Hou, Yongsheng Bai. Computational identification of ovarian cancer candidate genes with mutated protein structures caused by missense variants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P003.

Rewired metabolism is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). Previously, we demonstrated that PDA cells enhance glycosylation precursor biogenesis through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) via activation of the rate limiting enzyme, glutamine-fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1). Here, we genetically ablated GFAT1 in human PDA cell lines, which completely blocked proliferation in vitro and led to cell death. In contrast, GFAT1 knockout did not preclude the growth of human tumor xenografts in mice, suggesting that cancer cells can maintain fidelity of glycosylation precursor pools by scavenging nutrients from the tumor microenvironment. We found that hyaluronic acid (HA), an abundant carbohydrate polymer in pancreatic tumors composed of repeating N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucuronic acid sugars, can bypass GFAT1 to refuel the HBP via the GlcNAc salvage pathway. Together, these data show HA can serve as a nutrient fueling PDA metabolism beyond its previously appreciated structural and signaling roles.

The adverse events during antiangiogenic therapy inevitably influence a patient's quality of life. Therefore, biomarkers to identify patients who will experience adverse events would be very valuable in treatment planning.Between September 2016 and December 2019, patients scheduled for single-agent apatinib were prospectively enrolled and underwentIn total, 60 patients were initially screened and consented forLow pre-treatment

Cancer metabolism is rewired to support cell survival in response to intrinsic and environmental stressors. Identification of strategies to target these adaptions is an area of active research. We previously described a cytosolic aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT1)-driven pathway in pancreatic cancer used to maintain redox balance. Here, we sought to identify metabolic dependencies following GOT1 inhibition to exploit this feature of pancreatic cancer and to provide additional insight into regulation of redox metabolism. Using pharmacological methods, we identify cysteine, glutathione, and lipid antioxidant function as metabolic vulnerabilities following GOT1 withdrawal. We demonstrate that targeting any of these pathways triggers ferroptosis, an oxidative, iron-dependent form of cell death, in GOT1 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, we reveal that GOT1 inhibition represses mitochondrial metabolism and promotes a catabolic state. Consequently, we find that this enhances labile iron availability through autophagy, which potentiates the activity of ferroptotic stimuli. Overall, our study identifies a biochemical connection between GOT1, iron regulation, and ferroptosis., The aspartate aminotransaminase GOT1 is important for maintaining redox balance. Here, the authors show that inhibition of GOT1 in pancreatic cancer cells leads to cell death via ferroptosis.

Endoscopic visualization in brain tumor removal is challenging because tumor tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Fluorescence imaging can improve tumor delineation, though this impairs reflectance-based visualization of gross anatomical features. To accurately navigate and resect tumors, we created an ultrathin/flexible, scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) that acquires reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at high-resolution. Furthermore, our miniature imaging system is affixed to a robotic arm providing programmable motion of SFE, from which we generate multimodal surface maps of the surgical field. To test this system, synthetic phantoms of debulked tumor from brain are fabricated having spots of fluorescence representing residual tumor. Three-dimension (3D) surface maps of this surgical field are produced by moving the SFE over the phantom during concurrent reflectance and fluorescence imaging (30Hz video). SIFT-based feature matching between reflectance images is implemented to select a subset of key frames, which are reconstructed in 3D by bundle adjustment. The resultant reconstruction yields a multimodal 3D map of the tumor region that can improve visualization and robotic path planning. Efficiency of creating these maps is important as they are generated multiple times during tumor margin clean-up. By using pre-programmed vector motions of the robot arm holding the SFE, the computer vision algorithms are optimized for efficiency by reducing search times. Preliminary results indicate that the time for creating these 3D multimodal maps of the surgical field can be reduced to one third by using known trajectories of the surgical robot moving the image-guided tool.

The genus

OBJECTIVE: To prepare metallic organic nanoparticles that produce synergistic effect in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy of tumors. METHODS: Glucose oxidase (GOD), MnO(2), ferric iron (Fe(3+)) and doxorubicin (DOX) were self-assembled by physical adsorption with previously prepared manganese dioxide (MnO(2)) nanoparticles to obtain GOD-MnO(2)-Fe(3+)-DOX nanoparticles (GMFD NPs). HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mouse models were given intravenous injections of normal saline or GMFD NPs followed 4 h later by HIFU at the acoustic power of 90 W with a total treatment time of 3 s. The changes of tumor gray value before and after HIFU irradiation were observed and 24 h after HIFU irradiation, coagulation necrosis in the tumor tissues was examined; the histological changes of the tumor tissues were observed with HE staining. RESULTS: We successfully prepared GMFD NPs, which had an average particle size of 131.23±0.84 nm with a surface potential of 21.87±1.72 mV. GMFD NPs, with a drug loading rate of 40.18%, was capable of releasing more than 77.2% of the loaded DOX within 4 h in acidic environment. In the tumor-bearing mouse models, HIFU irradiation following GMFD NP injection, as compared with saline injection, resulted in significantly enhanced gray value of the tumor (25.5±4.5 vs 18.7±3.9, P=0.04) and greater volume of coagulation necrosis (105.80 ± 1.21 mm(3) vs 38.02 ± 0.34 mm(3)). The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was significantly lower in GMFD NPs group than in saline group (1.79 vs 4.97, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: GMFD NPs prepared in this study can enhance tumor ablation efficacy of HIFU and release DOX for further treatment of the residual tumor tissue in mice.

We estimate the rates of return to education in rural China using primary survey data collected in 2016. Estimated average returns to education are 3.1 per cent. However, careful statistical analysis is required when estimating the returns to education. The paper demonstrates that when employment interruptions are accounted for, the measured returns to education rise. Our results also confirm that mismeasurement of the wage rate by using an hourly wage rate (versus daily or monthly earnings) raises the estimation of rates of return to education. Finally, our results suggest that the return to education is nonlinear in education levels but only when it reaches the tertiary level.

Toward the end of the previous century, the focus on economic growth and development has shifted from overpopulation as a burden of growth toward the issue of aging population. This is a global iss...

Background and Purpose— Brain electrical stimulation, widely studied to facilitate recovery from stroke, has also been reported to confer direct neuroprotection in preclinical models of acute cerebral ischemia. Systematic review of controlled preclinical acute cerebral ischemia studies would aid in planning for initial human clinical trials. Methods— A systematic Medline search identified controlled, preclinical studies of central nervous system electrical stimulation in acute cerebral ischemia. Studies were categorized among 6 stimulation strategies. Three strategies applied different stimulation types to tissues within the ischemic zone (cathodal hemispheric stimulation [CHS], anodal hemispheric stimulation, and pulsed hemispheric stimulation), and 3 strategies applied deep brain stimulation to different neuronal targets remote from the ischemic zone (fastigial nucleus stimulation, subthalamic vasodilator area stimulation, and dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation). Random-effects meta-analysis assessed electrical stimulation modification of final infarct volume. Study-level risk of bias and intervention-level readiness-for-translation were assessed using formal rating scales. Results— Systematic search identified 28 experiments in 21 studies, including a total of 350 animals, of electrical stimulation in preclinical acute cerebral ischemia. Overall, in animals undergoing electrical stimulation, final infarct volumes were reduced by 37% (95% CI, 34%–40%; P I 2 =93.1%, P heterogeneity P Conclusions— Electrical stimulation reduces final infarct volume across preclinical studies. CHS shows the most robust evidence and is potentially appropriate for progression to early-stage human clinical trial testing as a promising neuroprotective intervention.

Based on the theory of optimal currency area (OCA), we calculate the OCA index between China and the OBOR partners with the expressed objective of identifying which partners exhibit monetary and fi...

Objective To establish a method combining QuEChERS and ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for rapid screening and testing of three types of new psychoactive tryptamines in human blood： 5-MeO-DALT, 5-MeO-MiPT and 5-MeO-DiPT. Methods The effects of the type of extractant, the type and dosage of salting-out agent, and the dosage of adsorbent on the test results of the three tryptamines were investigated. Blood samples were processed by QuEChERS method and then determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Results The linear relationships of 5-MeO-DALT, 5-MeO-MiPT and 5-MeO-DiPT in human blood were good in the range of 0.5-100, 0.5-100 and 0.2-100 ng/mL, respectively, with their coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection （LODs） were 0.1-0.2 ng/mg. The recoveries ranged from 84.86% to 94.57%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were good. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, easy to operate and has a high recovery. It is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative study of tryptamines in blood and can provide the reference for public security organs to deal with related cases.QuEChERS结合UPLC-MS/MS检测血液中3种色胺类新精神活性物质.目的 建立一种QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry，UPLC-MS/MS）快速筛查和检验人体血液中3种色胺类新精神活性物质——法医学；毒物分析；新精神活性物质；色胺类；QuEChERS；超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法；

Private firms have actively responded to the State’s call to participate in targeted poverty alleviation and become an important part of the whole society’s participation in poverty alleviation. Their participation can not only contribute to poverty reduction, but also enrich the information disclosure of social responsibility, so as to earn the reputation and ease the resource constraints strategically. To study the mitigating effect of targeted poverty alleviation participation on financing constraints, this paper selects listed private firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen that participated in targeted poverty alleviation from 2013 to 2018 as samples, and uses the propensity score matching method and the difference in differences method to examine the relationship between the participation and the improvement of corporate financing capabilities. The results show that participating in targeted poverty alleviation can significantly improve the financing capacity of private firms. For firms in regions with poor institutional environments, central and western regions, and firms with political connections, participating in targeted poverty alleviation has significantly improved the financing capacity.

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (pp¯) collider, high-mass electron-neutrino (eν) pairs are produced predominantly in the process pp¯→W(→eν)+X. The asymmetry of the electron and positron yield as a function of their pseudorapidity constrain the slope of the ratio of the u- to d-quark parton distributions versus the fraction of the proton momentum carried by the quarks. This paper reports on the measurement of the electron-charge asymmetry using the full data set recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab in 2001-2011 and corresponding to 9.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. The measurement significantly improves the precision of the Tevatron constraints on the parton-distribution functions of the proton. Numerical tables of the measurement are provided. © 2021 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

This study aims to investigate whether liraglutide can affect proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis of preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 through the Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways.MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to different treatments (via Notch inhibitor DAPT, an Hh inhibitor cyclopamine, or serum deprivation) or transfections of different siRNAs (targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), β-catenin, or Gli1) in the presence or absence of 100 nM liraglutide. Cell proliferation, mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, mRNA and protein levels of the Notch and Hh signaling pathway proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins were assessed.Liraglutide significantly increased proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, expression levels of the Notch and Hh signaling pathway proteins and β-catenin, and mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and TCF7L2. Moreover, liraglutide promoted a translocation of β-catenin, increased a ratio of Bcl-2/Bax proteins, reduced serum deprivation-induced apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells, and a ratio of caspase-3/procaspase-3. However, a cotreatment with liraglutide and DAPT reversed the alterations. A cyclopamine treatment and knockdowns of GLP-1R, Gli1, and β-catenin significantly reduced the expression of Notch proteins. Furthermore, the knockdown of GLP-1R, β-catenin, or Gli1 significantly increased apoptosis, which could be inhibited by liraglutide.In summary, liraglutide can promote proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, and inhibit their serum deprivation-induced apoptosis by activating both the Notch and Hh signaling pathways involving β-catenin and Gli1. These results provide a therapeutic foundation that patients with diabetes and osteoporosis may be cured with treatments of liraglutide.

AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of e-PL on Shewanella putrefaciens. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomics analysis of inhibitory effect of e-PL against S. putrefaciens was performed by label-free quantitative assay based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Quantification of 2206 proteins was obtained with high confidence, and a total of 36 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 10 and 26 proteins showing upregulation and downregulation, respectively, were identified. Upon Go functional enrichment, 11, 5 and 8 specific Go terms in biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components were identified, respectively. Six KEGG pathways, including 'ribosome', were significantly enriched. Among the ribosome pathway, there were seven DEPs and all of them were distributed on large and small subunits of ribosome. CONCLUSIONS The significant downregulation of proteins, large subunits of ribosomal proteins RP-L18, L30 and L27, small subunits ribosomal proteins S16 and S20, and RNA polymerase β' subunit protein rpoC were the critical action sites of e-PL to inhibit S. putrefaciens growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Shewanella putrefaciens is one of the representative fish-spoilage bacteria regardless of fish type, and poses significant problems for the fish brewery. A better understanding of the antibacterial mechanism of e-PL on S. putrefaciens could make important contributions to development of biological control strategies of these economically important pathogens.

Rewired metabolism is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). Previously, we demonstrated that PDA cells enhance glycosylation precursor biogenesis through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) via activation of the rate limiting enzyme, glutamine-fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1). Here, we genetically ablated GFAT1 in PDA cell lines, which completely blocked proliferation in vitro and led to cell death. In contrast, GFAT1 knockout did not impair tumor growth, suggesting that cancer cells can maintain fidelity of glycosylation precursor pools by scavenging nutrients from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that hyaluronic acid (HA), an abundant carbohydrate polymer in pancreatic tumors composed of repeating N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucuronic acid sugars, can bypass GFAT1 to refuel the HBP via the GlcNAc salvage pathway. Furthermore, HA facilitates proliferation in nutrient-starved wild-type PDA. Together, these data show HA can serve as a nutrient fueling PDA metabolism beyond its previously appreciated structural and signaling roles.

Introduction During angiography, the contrast bolus injected into a vessel can cause substantial changes in baseline pressures and flows.1 There have been sparse case reports about aneurysmal re-bleeds during angiography.2 A physician survey of injection rates used during angiography showed that 81% of respondents considered the impact of injection rate on aneurysm rupture to be negligible .3 The goals of this study were to record intraneurysmal pressure changes during contrast injections and to evaluate the effect of injection conditions on intraneurysmal pressure changes. Methods A silicone replica of a complete circle of Willis model with ophthalmic, anterior communicating, and basilar tip aneurysms was connected to a pulsatile flow pump (Vascular Simulations, Stony Brook, NY, figure 1). Catheters were placed in either the right internal carotid or right vertebral artery and a total of 144 injections were performed by varying 4 different parameters: Catheter Size, Injection Rate, Injection Time, mean Baseline Blood Flow rate (table). The effect of each of the four injection parameters on percentage increase in aneurysm pressures was statistically assessed using ANCOVA; baseline pressure was considered a covariate. Results The mean intraneurysmal pressure during injection (84.5±10.8 mmHg) was significantly higher than the mean pressure before injection (80.4±10.6 mmHg) (p 0.2) and Baseline Blood Flow rate (p>0.3) had no significant effect on the increase in intraneurysmal pressure. Conclusion Our results suggest that higher contrast Injection Rates can significantly increase intraneurysmal pressures during angiography. Whether a ~5% increase in intraneurysmal pressure can cause aneurysm rupture needs to be evaluated. Angiography studies need to be conducted in vivo to verify these findings. References Kovarovic B, et al. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018;9(2):226–239. Celtikci P, et al. Turk Neurosurg 2018;28(6):1009–1012. Yousem, DM, et al. AJNR 2001;22:1838–1840. Disclosures S. Marfoglio: 5; C; Vascular Simulations, Inc. B. Kovarovic: None. W. Hou: None. D. Fiorella: 4; C; Vascular Simulations Inc. C. Sadasivan: 2; C; Vascular Simulations Inc. 4; C; Vascular Simulations Inc. 6; C; Vascular Simulations Inc.

SummaryPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the deadliest solid malignancies, with a 5-year survival rate at ten percent. PDA have unique metabolic adaptations in response to cell-intrinsic and environmental stressors, and identifying new strategies to target these adaptions is an area of active research. We previously described a dependency on a cytosolic aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT1)-dependent pathway for NADPH generation. Here, we sought to identify metabolic dependencies induced by GOT1 inhibition that could be exploited to selectively kill PDA. Using pharmacological methods, we identified cysteine, glutathione, and lipid antioxidant function as metabolic vulnerabilities following GOT1 withdrawal. Targeting any of these pathways was synthetic lethal in GOT1 knockdown cells and triggered ferroptosis, an oxidative, non-apoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death. Mechanistically, GOT1 inhibition promoted the activation of autophagy in response to metabolic stress. This enhanced the availability of labile iron through ferritinophagy, the autolysosome-mediated degradation of ferritin. In sum, our study identifies a novel biochemical connection between GOT1, iron regulation, and ferroptosis, and suggests the rewired malate-aspartate shuttle plays a role in protecting PDA from severe oxidative challenge.HighlightsPDA exhibit varying dependence on GOT1 forin vitroandin vivogrowth.Exogenous cystine, glutathione synthesis, and lipid antioxidant fidelity are essential under GOT1 suppression.GOT1 inhibition sensitizes pancreatic cancer cell lines to ferroptosis.GOT1 inhibition represses anabolic metabolism and promotes the release of iron through autophagy.

Experimental researches on spontaneous imbibition are of great significance for improving the recovery rate of coalbed methane and preventing gas disasters. The determination of microstructure is a prerequisite for studying pore seepage behaviors. The transverse surface relaxivity must be known first before obtaining the pore size distribution (PSD) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this paper, a method for determining the transverse surface relaxivity of low-permeability coal was improved by correlating the NMR cumulative PSD curves and the corrected mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) capillary pressure curves. The MIP data was calibrated for the matrix compression effect in the high-pressure part only by MIP experiment and for the surface cavity effect in the low-pressure part. Then the transverse surface relaxivity obtained was applied to study the time and space evolution behaviors of water imbibition volume and water content in pores of different scales during spontaneous imbibition. The results indicate that the pore volume only accounts for 31.64%-66.47% of the measured mercury volume. Besides, in the rapid rising stage and the prior period of the slow rising stage of spontaneous imbibition, micropores dominate water imbibition and are the first to reach a water-saturated state. As time increases, the contributions of mesopores and macropores to water imbibition become significant gradually. After water enters coal samples, a small part of water advances along the connected path with low capillary resistance and reaches the outlet first, forming the dominant channel. However, most of the water diffuses laterally to the same horizontal plane. When the pores in this horizontal plane approach a saturated state, water migrates upward.

This paper investigates the evolution of the β phase in laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V via track of the cyclic phase transformation processes by dilatation experiments and characterization of the laser deposited microstructures by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The formation temperature of the β phase in as-received mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V decreased with increasing number of thermal cycles at the heating and cooling rates of 50 °C/s, while the vanadium (V) content in the β phase increased with decreasing β phase formation temperature. The distribution of the V content in the β phase in the laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V showed an increasing gradient from the top layer (i.e., the last deposited) to the fourth layer from the top, which is related to the thermal cycles and the formation temperature of the β phase. The formation mechanism of the β phase was discussed based on the experimental observations.

This abstract was not presented at the symposium.