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The detection of robustly detectable sequential faults has been extensively studied. A number of researchers have provided theoretical as well as experimental results designating that the application of single input change (SIC) pairs of test patterns results in favorable results for sequential fault testing. In this paper, a novel algorithm for the generation of SIC pairs is presented, termed Accumulator-based test generation for Robust sequential fault testing in Near-optimal time (ARN). ARN is implemented in hardware utilizing an accumulator whose inputs are driven by a barrel shifter. Since such structures are commonly found in general-purpose or specialized microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSP), the presented architecture provides a practical solution for the built-in testing of such circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports fractal dimension analysis applied to soil CO2 fluxes measured in an Italian seismic area. The work was carried out with the use of a calibrated flux chamber unit. The fractal dimension (FD) from isotropic variograms was used as a method to understand related scale-dependent phenomena. The aim was to investigate the spatial variability of CO2 flux measurements in four directions (horizontal, vertical, 45° and 135° directions) related to different distances between the measuring points and from a fault. High fractal dimension values were found (2.5 ≤ FD ≤ 3.0). These imply strong anti-persistent behavior near to and far from the fault. Lower fractal dimensions were addressed at longer distances from the fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]