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The present study investigates whether less computer access is associated with an increase or decrease in cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying victimization. Data were derived from the 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children U.S. Study, consisting of 12,642 adolescents aged 11, 13, and 15 years (Mage = 12.95). We found that less computer usage was negatively associated with cyberbullying victimization and face-to-face bullying victimization. The findings from the study have implications for research and practice.

Young Black gay, bisexual, and other sexually minoritized men (SMM) face high levels of police brutality and other negative, unwarranted encounters with the police. Such interactions have known health consequences. The purpose of this study was to understand the health, mental health, and social consequences of police brutality experienced by young Black SMM. We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 Black, cisgender men, ages of 16-30 and analyzed the data using thematic analysis. Our primary results are summarized in four themes: 1) Police brutality is built into the system and diminishes trust; 2) Videos and social media make visible violence that has long existed; 3) Police brutality contributes to anxiety and other psychosocial effects; and 4) Violence reduces feelings of safety and contributes to avoidance of police. Our results highlight the direct and vicarious police brutality participants are subjected to and sheds light on the effects of such violence on trust, perceived safety, anxiety, and trauma symptoms. Results from this study contribute to the needed public health conversation around police brutality against Black men, specifically shedding light on the experiences of Black SMM.

The composition Al-16Ce-1Mg has been developed as a dedicated alloy for processing by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Guided by thermodynamic considerations and exploiting the unique conditions during LPBF, the strongly hypereutectic alloy features nm-scale aluminum dendrites reinforced by a continuous intermetallic network. The unique temperature stability of Al-Ce alloys as well as the microstructure topology and scale grant the alloy high strength in as-printed state with excellent thermal stability. The superior mechanical properties of the continuously reinforced nanocomposite were established by comparison with the spheroidized, microstructure of similar scale.

Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in children remains challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of specimens and the difficulty in obtaining suitable samples. The use of alternative samples like nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and stools, alongside Xpert MTB/RIF testing, offers promising improvements. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF test on NPA and stool samples for detecting intrathoracic TB in children from Madagascar, Cameroon, and Ivory Coast. Methods: Children under 15 years with suspected intrathoracic TB were enrolled in hospitals in these countries’ capitals. Samples for analysis included standard specimens (gastric aspirate or sputum), NPA, stools, with additional HIV serology, tuberculin skin test tests, and chest X-rays. We used a composite reference standard to estimate the accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF test with alternative samples. Results: Of 1146 children analyzed, the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF was 58.3% for NPA and 45.5% for stool samples, with a high specificity of more than 95%. The diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF with alternative samples did not differ according to age group or HIV status. Conclusions: The findings support the World Health Organization's recommendation for using Xpert MTB/RIF with alternative samples in childhood TB diagnosis, underscoring its utility across different settings and HIV statuses.

Abstract Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) is an emerging maintenance concept that is highly regarded by the scientific community and practitioners, as its adoption can bring economic, technical and environmental benefits to a company. PHM fully reflects the smart maintenance paradigm encompassing data collection, data manipulation, state detection, health assessment, prognostic assessment and advisory generation. Despite the undeniable benefits, there is still a large gap between the scientific and the real world. Several authors have investigated on the barriers to PHM implementation for companies, highlighting among them the lack of systematic approaches to its design and implementation. As a first contribution to this topic, the authors conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to investigate the use of Decision Support Systems (DSSs) to support the PHM implementation. The SLR highlighted that few DSS had been developed and were limited to critical unit identification, maintenance strategy selection and data acquisition phase of PHM. Therefore, a conceptual framework for PHM implementation was provided as a second contribution. This framework summarises the decisions that should be addressed by a practitioner wishing to implement PHM services; moreover, it could lay the foundations for the development/improvement of the missing/existing DSSs for PHM implementation.

Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is a method used to investigate platelet functions in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), notably when screening for platelet disorders. Various national guidelines and recommendations help in setting up the LTA test in specialized laboratories. However, due to the nature of the sample matrix and its subsequent specificities, more accurate positions are needed to achieve LTA accreditation according to the standard NF EN ISO 15 189. We reviewed guidelines and recommendations as they can be useful in the accreditation process, and we conducted a survey on LTA practice among members of the Société Française de Thrombose et d’Hémostase (SFTH) in 2021. We formulated 28 proposals, which have been approved by vote within the SFTH. All aspects to take into consideration for the proper conduct of LTA assays and their accreditation have been covered. Notably, preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical aspects are depicted, including blood sampling, PRP preparation, instruments, agonists, performance assessment, personnel training and data interpretation. This document, essentially representing a French position paper on the current recommendations and subsequent proposals for LTA accreditation, might prove useful also outside France for relevant laboratories and auditors involved in LTA accreditation.

Young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are disproportionately impacted by violence, including violence rooted in anti-Black racism, sexual identity bullying, and neighborhood violence rooted in structural racism and inequities. These multiple forms of violence are frequently co-occurring and interactive creating syndemic conditions that can negatively impact HIV care. This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews with 31 YBMSM, aged 16-30 years, living with HIV in Chicago, IL, to examine how violence has impacted their lives. Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes that reflect how YBMSM experience violence at the intersection of racism, homonegativity, socioeconomic status, and HIV status: (a) the experience of intersectional violence; (b) long histories of violence contributed to hypervigilance, lack of safety, and lack of trust; (c) making meaning of violence and the importance of strength; (d) normalizing violence for survival; and (e) the cyclical nature of violence. Our study highlights how multiple forms of violence can accumulate across an individuals life and contribute to social and contextual situations that further contribute to violence and negatively impact mental health and HIV care.

Bullying victimization remains to be a public health concern in the United States, especially among sexual and ethnic minority youth. However, few studies have examined how school outcomes might be associated with bullying victimization among heterosexual and sexual minority African American youth and the factors that may attenuate that relationship. To address this gap, this study surveyed 462 heterosexual and 102 sexual minority African American youth residing in Chicago's Southside neighborhoods, who participated in the Resiliency Project. Study variables included bullying victimization, school outcomes (i.e., school connectedness, and academic grades), and future orientation. Bullying victimization was associated with a significant increase in feeling disconnected from school among both heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents; however, there was no significant association observed between bullying victimization and receiving low grades among either group. Future orientation did not moderate the association between bullying victimization and school outcomes among heterosexual adolescents; however, positive future orientation did attenuate the association between bullying victimization and feeling disconnected from school among sexual minority adolescents. Prevention programs that focus on promoting school connectedness need to consider the role of future orientation for sexual minority youth.

Studies suggest that religion is a protective factor for substance misuse and mental health concerns among Black/African American youth despite reported declines in their religious involvement. However, few studies have investigated the associations among religion, substance misuse, and mental health among Black youth. Informed by Critical Race Theory, we evaluated the correlations between gender, depression, substance misuse, and unprotected sex on mental health. Using multiple linear regression, we assessed self-reported measures of drug use and sex, condom use, belief in God, and religiosity on mental health among a sample of Black youth (N = 638) living in a large midwestern city. Results indicated drug use, and sex while on drugs and alcohol, were significant and positively associated with mental health symptoms. Belief in God was negatively associated with having sex while on drugs and alcohol. The studys findings suggest that despite the many structural inequalities that Black youth face, religion continues to be protective for Black youth against a myriad of prevalent problem behaviors.

ABSTRACT Introduction Short post‐learning breaks, lasting from 5 to 30 min, transiently enhance procedural motor memory performance in adults. However, the impact of activity type (active vs. passive) during the offline break on sequential motor performance remains poorly investigated in children. Method This study examined the impact of active versus passive post‐learning breaks on procedural motor memory in 116 healthy participants (58 children, aged 9.03 ± 1.19; 58 adults, aged 22.89 ± 1.77 years). Participants practiced a Finger Tapping Task, reproducing a five‐element keypress sequence as fast and accurately as possible. The task included two sessions (S1 and S2) separated by either a short (30 min) or long (4 h) break. The first 30‐min of the post‐learning break included either a passive (remaining still) or an active (engaging in daily activities) condition. Results Repeated‐measures ANOVA revealed significant Session × Age group × Break duration and Session × Break type interaction effects (ps

Abstract Climate change threatens the resource adequacy of future power systems. Existing research and practice lack frameworks for identifying decarbonization pathways that are robust to climate‐related uncertainty. We create such an analytical framework, then use it to assess the robustness of alternative pathways to achieving 60% emissions reductions from 2022 levels by 2040 for the Western U.S. power system. Our framework integrates power system planning and resource adequacy models with 100 climate realizations from a large climate ensemble. Climate realizations drive electricity demand; thermal plant availability; and wind, solar, and hydropower generation. Among five initial decarbonization pathways, all exhibit modest to significant resource adequacy failures under climate realizations in 2040, but certain pathways experience significantly less resource adequacy failures at little additional cost relative to other pathways. By identifying and planning for an extreme climate realization that drives the largest resource adequacy failures across our pathways, we produce a new decarbonization pathway that has no resource adequacy failures under any climate realizations. This new pathway is roughly 5% more expensive than other pathways due to greater capacity investment, and shifts investment from wind to solar and natural gas generators. Our analysis suggests modest increases in investment costs can add significant robustness against climate change in decarbonizing power systems. Our framework can help power system planners adapt to climate change by stress testing future plans to potential climate realizations, and offers a unique bridge between energy system and climate modeling.

Immunocompromised patients in the hematology department are usually hospitalized in areas protected by the high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration system. Renovations may require moving these patients at risk for invasive fungal infection to areas without HEPA. Mobile air handling units may be a solution in these cases. For renovation purposes, we evaluated the efficiency of mobile air handling units called Plasmair® as well as their optimization, by comparing two generations of devices.Particle counts were performed to determine a particle cleanliness classification according to the ISO 14644–1 standard (high ISO classes correspond to a degraded particulate cleanliness). Mycological air samples were also taken to determine the percentage of positive samples and the median number of filamentous fungi colonies.Without air treatment, only 18 % (38/216) of particle counts were classified as ISO 6. With the use of mobile air treatment units, this proportion increased to 71 % (205/288). The positivity rate of mycological samples without air treatment was 86 % (31/36) with a median number of fungal colonies of 3 (1–5)/0.5m3. A significant decrease in fungal pressure was observed when using Plasmair®. Percentages of positive air samples and the median number of colonies found between the old generation Plasmair® (T2006) and the new generation Plasmair® (Guardian) were significantly different, respectively 55.6 % (20/36) versus 22.2 % (8/36) and 1(0–1) versus 0 (0–0).Finally, we confirm Plasmair® were effective in reducing airborne fungal pressure, the new generation especially. However, they were not effective enough to obtain negative mycological air samples as usually observed with the HEPA system, whatever the generation.

This study conducted 28 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Young Black Men who have Sex with Men in Chicago to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on their HIV care and ancillary service access. The qualitative analysis identified both negative and positive effects. The negative effects included: (l) mixed disruptions in linkage to and receipt of HIV care and ancillary services, and (2) heightened concerns about police and racial tensions in Chicago following the murder of George Floyd, contributing to possible disruption of retention in care. The positive effects included: (1) the ability to reflect and socially connect, contributing to heightened self-care and retention in care, and (2) some improvements in receipt of medical care. These findings suggest that while COVID-19 disruptions in care reduced in-person use of HIV care, the expansion of telemedicine allowed more administrative tasks to be handled online and focused in-person interactions on more substantive interactions.