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Given a set $S$ of elements in a number field $k$, we discuss the existence of planar algebraic curves over $k$ which possess rational points whose $x$-coordinates are exactly the elements of $S$. If the size $|S|$ of $S$ is either $4,5$, or $6$, we exhibit infinite families of (twisted) Edwards curves and (general) Huff curves for which the elements of $S$ are realized as the $x$-coordinates of rational points on these curves. This generalizes earlier work on progressions of certain types on some algebraic curves., Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication

Background: Cannabis harms among Indigenous populations in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States may be magnified by poorer health and heavy use. However, little direct evidence is available to evaluate cannabis' impacts. In communities in remote northern Queensland (Australia) where cannabis has become endemic, opportunities to support change were investigated. Methods: Opportunistically recruited participants (aged 15-49 years) discussed their cannabis use history in interviews in two waves of population sampling in Cape York (Queensland). Wave 1 included 429 people (235 males and 194 females); and wave 2 included 402 people (228 males and 174 females). Current users (used cannabis during the year before interview) described frequency of use, amount consumed, expenditure and dependence symptoms. Other substance use was recorded for 402 people at wave 2. Results: Wave 1: 69% reported lifetime use and 44% current use. Males (55%) were more likely than females (30%) to be current users (P = 6 cones/session at least once/week) and 77% met cannabis dependence criteria. Three communities spent up to $AUD14,200/week on cannabis, around $AUD2.0 million/year, or around 9% of community people's total income on cannabis. The majority (79%) of current users wanted to quit or reduce their cannabis use. Wave 2: no difference was observed in the proportion of lifetime (69%, vertical bar z vertical bar = 0.04, P = 0.968) or current cannabis users (39%, vertical bar z vertical bar = 1.39, P = 0.164); nor current use among males (71%, vertical bar z vertical bar = 0.91, P = 0.363) or females (62%, vertical bar z vertical bar = 0.36, P = 0.719). However, a significant reduction in current users by 15% (vertical bar z vertical bar = 2.36, P = 0.018) was observed in one community. Of 105 wave 1 current users re-assessed in 2, 29 (27%) had ceased use. These participants reported cost and family commitments as reasons to change and that social support and employment enabled abstinence. Current and lifetime cannabis use were closely associated with all other substance use, particularly tobacco and alcohol (both P > 0.001). Conclusions: High rates of heavy cannabis use in remote Australian Indigenous communities warrant action. Successful cessation among some individuals suggests that significant opportunities are available to support change even where cannabis use may be endemic.

Optical mark recognition (OMR) is a prevalent data gathering technique which is widely used in educational institutes for examinations consisting of multiple-choice questions (MCQ). The students have to fill the appropriate circle for the respective questions. Current techniques for evaluating the OMR sheets need dedicated scanner, OMR software, high-quality paper for OMR sheet and high precision layout of OMR sheet. As these techniques are costly but very accurate, these techniques are being used to conduct many competitive entrance examinations in most of the countries. But, small institutes, individual teachers and tutors cannot use these techniques because of high expense. So, they resort to manually grading the answer sheets because of the absence of any accurate, robust, fast and low-cost OMR software. In this paper, we propose the robust technique that uses the low-quality images captured using mobile phone camera for OMR detection that gives \(100\%\) accuracy with less computation time. We exploit the property that the principal component analysis (PCA) basis identifies the direction of maximum variance of the data, to design the template (introducing the vertical bar in the OMR sheet) without compromising the look of OMR answer sheet. Experiments are performed with 140 images to demonstrate the proposed robust technique.

Death was now something permanent, something that slips into life, perpetually gnaws at it, diminishes it and weakens it.-Michel Foucault, Society Must be DefendedMichel Foucault famously claims that, starting from the seventeenth century, power ceases to be interested in the right over life and death, but instead, invests itself with the task to "ensure, sustain, and multiply life, to put life in order."1 According to his account, what is at work in modern politics is no longer a power to kill, but a power that aims to optimize life. "Death became shameful," he writes.2 However, when we examine the workings of modern politics, it becomes difficult to give full credit to this claim. After all, as Foucault himself also notes, the twentieth century has generated more systematic and mass deaths than all previous centuries of recorded history.3 With all the genocides, nuclear bombings, and systematic extermination of populations, death has never been as prevalent and as common as it was in the twentieth century.4 How, then, can we say that what we see are the workings of a power concerned with generating and optimizing life?To answer this question, we have to consider the place of death in the technologies of biopolitics. Is death in contemporary politics a remnant of the sovereign power to kill, external to the work of biopower, working separately from it? Or, is it the case that death is indeed a fundamental aspect of biopower and its mechanisms? An attempt to answer these questions must necessarily turn towards social defense, towards threats to the life of society, towards the outsiders of society, towards monsters.This paper is divided into three sections. The first section elaborates the modes of power developed in Foucault's corpus and situates the problem of death in relation to sovereignty and biopower by focusing on the place where Foucault situates the death-function of biopolitics: modern racism. In doing so, I will articulate racism as a mechanism of social defense and formulate the question of the object, the scope, and the technology of modern racism in Foucault's account. In order to elaborate the social defense mechanism underlying modern racism, the second section focuses on normalizing power as explained in the series of lectures titled Abnormal.5 Going through three models of monstrosity, the juridico-natural model, the criminal model and the medico-normative model, the relation between normalizing power and death will be established. Finally, the last section will elaborate the connection between normalization and death, in relation to individual death on the one hand, and death in populations on the other. At the end, I will argue that the management of death is a necessary function of biopower. In order to regulate the life of a population, biopower needs to take death not as the counterpart of life, but as an immanent and continuous condition to life. Normalization is the technique by which deadliness becomes an attribute of society, and biopower thereby takes on social defense as a central function.6I. Life of the Sovereign, Life in BiopoliticsIt is commonplace to say now that the biggest caution awaiting the reader of Foucault is in terms of his conception of power and its distinction from an ontology of power. Foucault insists repeatedly that what he deals with is not a question of "what power is," but rather an investigation of "where and how, between whom, between what points, according to what processes, and with what effects, is power applied."7 With this aim, he differentiates between three forms of power: sovereign power, disciplinary power, and biopolitics. The task of these differentiations is not to find inherent qualities of different modalities of power, but rather to investigate the methods by which forms of power are applied and analyze the mechanisms at work therein.Sovereign power is associated with the most conventional form of power: a prohibitive and restrictive exercise of power that moves on a vertical line from the body of the sovereign to a non-individualized mass that is the 'people. …

This study investigates changes in the total factor productivity (TFP) and identifies the main sources of TFP growth following the adoption of an individual fishing quota (IFQ) program in the Gulf of Mexico red snapper commercial fishery. Utilizing an unbalanced panel of 722 vertical line vessels Malmquist indices were derived from an output-oriented stochastic distance frontier. The analysis shows that the IFQ program had a positive impact on the productivity of the fleet and that most of the productivity gains were due to improvements in technical efficiency. The study also finds that changes in technical efficiency were time variant suggesting that the exit of the less efficient vessels and easing of command and control regulations such as trip limits and short fishing seasons were responsible for most of these gains. Changes in the exploitable biomass of red snapper were found to have a moderate impact on productivity growth whereas the impact of technological progress was minimal.

Visual objects can be discriminated by static spatial features such as luminance or dynamic features such as relative movement. Flies track a solid dark vertical bar moving on a bright background, a behavioral reaction so strong that for a rigidly tethered fly, the steering trajectory is phase advanced relative to the moving bar, apparently in anticipation of its future position. By contrast, flickering bars that generate no coherent motion or have a surface texture that moves in the direction opposite to the bar generate steering responses that lag behind the stimulus. It remains unclear how the spatial properties of a bar influence behavioral response dynamics. Here, we show that a dark bar defined by its luminance contrast to the uniform background drives a co-directional steering response that is phase advanced relative to the response to a textured bar defined only by its motion relative to a stationary textured background. The textured bar drives an initial contra-directional turn and phase-locked tracking. The qualitatively distinct response dynamics could indicate parallel visual processing of a luminance versus motion-defined object. Calcium imaging shows that T4/T5 motion-detecting neurons are more responsive to a solid dark bar than a motion-defined bar. Genetically blocking T4/T5 neurons eliminates the phase-advanced co-directional response to the luminance-defined bar, leaving the orientation response largely intact. We conclude that T4/T5 neurons mediate a co-directional optomotor response to a luminance-defined bar, thereby driving phase-advanced wing kinematics, whereas separate unknown visual pathways elicit the contra-directional orientation response.

A striation-based method with a vertical line array is proposed for source depth estimation. Broadband striation structures of direct and surface-reflected arrivals after propagating to receivers near the ocean bottom are applied. A tracking algorithm for the striation structures is proposed based on the extended Kalman filter. A cost function for source depth estimation is presented by matching the traces of the measured striations with a library of model-based traces under different source depths. The method is demonstrated on array data collected during an acoustic research experiment in the South China Sea in 2016.

Tropical small-scale fisheries are typical for providing complex multivariate data, due to their diversity in fishing techniques and highly diverse species composition. In this paper we used for the first time a supervised Self-Organizing Map (xyf-SOM), to recognize and understand the internal heterogeneity of a tropical marine small-scale fishery, using as model the fishery fleet of San Pedro port, Tabasco, Mexico. We used multivariate data from commercial logbooks, including the following four factors: fish species (47), gear types (bottom longline, vertical line+shark longline and vertical line), season (cold, warm), and inter-annual variation (2007–2012). The size of the xyf-SOM, a fundamental characteristic to improve its predictive quality, was optimized for the minimum distance between objects and the maximum prediction rate. The xyf-SOM successfully classified individual fishing trips in relation to the four factors included in the model. Prediction percentages were high (80–100%) for bottom longline and vertical line + shark longline, but lower prediction values were obtained for vertical line (51–74%) fishery. A confusion matrix indicated that classification errors occurred within the same fishing gear. Prediction rates were validated by generating confidence interval using bootstrap. The xyf-SOM showed that not all the fishing trips were targeting the most abundant species and the catch rates were not symmetrically distributed around the mean. Also, the species composition is not homogeneous among fishing trips. Despite the complexity of the data, the xyf-SOM proved to be an excellent tool to identify trends in complex scenarios, emphasizing the diverse and complex patterns that characterize tropical small scale-fishery fleets.

The noise spatial correlation coefficient between two array elements deployed vertically in real deep ocean environment is not consistent with that in isotropic ambient noise field because of surface-distributed wind driven noise sources. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the performance of vertical line array spatial gain properly. A method for modeling wind-driven ambient noise field is described. By using the described method the noise response on array hydrophones can be calculated. Furthermore, the formula of array spatial again in nonisotropic ambient noise field is developed. Spatial correlation coefficient between two elements are simulated with the described method and compared with that in isotropic noise field. And simulations are performed to analyze the difference of vertical line array spatial gain between nonisotropic noise field and isotropic noise field. Besides, the array spatial gain as a function of element number is also analyzed.

This paper presents a joint estimation method of source range and depth using a bottom-deployed vertical line array (VLA). The method utilizes the information on the arrival angle of direct (D) path in space domain and the interference characteristic of D and surface-reflected (SR) paths in frequency domain. The former is related to a ray tracing technique to backpropagate the rays and produces an ambiguity surface of source range. The latter utilizes Lloyd’s mirror principle to obtain an ambiguity surface of source depth. The acoustic transmission duct is the well-known reliable acoustic path (RAP). The ambiguity surface of the combined estimation is a dimensionless ad hoc function. Numerical efficiency and experimental verification show that the proposed method is a good candidate for initial coarse estimation of source position.

L-shaped configuration is a commonly used stimulus configuration in studying horizontal vertical illusion. Here, we report that the horizontal vertical illusion is substantially underestimated when the L-shaped configuration is used for evaluating the illusion. Experiment 1 found that, in a length perception task, the perceived length of a vertical bar was about 10% longer than that of a horizontal bar with the same physical size. Similar amount of HVI was found in a length comparison task, in which the length of a horizontal bar was compared to that of a vertical bar and the two bars were presented separately in space or in time. In contrast, when the length comparison task was conducted with the two bars being arranged in a connected L-shape, the illusion was halved in strength. Experiment 2 and 3 studied what might be the cause of this L-shape induced HVI-underestimation. Two factors were investigated: the connectedness of the two lines, and the 45° absolute orientation or the 45° inner angle information embedded in the upright isosceles L-shape. The results showed that the HVI strength was not much affected when the 45° absolute orientation and the 45° angle information was made useless for the length comparison task. In contrast, the illusion was significantly reduced in strength whenever the two lines were separated as compared to when they were connected. These results suggested that the connectedness of the two lines must underlie the underestimation of the horizontal vertical illusion in the L-shaped configurations.

International audience; The evolution of languages shares certain characteristics with that of genes, such as the predominantly vertical line of transmission and the retention of traces of past events such as contact. Thus, studies of language phylogenies and their correlations with genetic phylogenies can enrich our understanding of human prehistory, while insights gained from genetic studies of past population contact can help shed light on the processes underlying language contact and change. As demonstrated by recent research, these evolutionary processes are more complex than simple models of gene-language coevolution predict, with linguistic boundaries only occasionally functioning as barriers to gene flow. More frequently, admixture takes place irrespective of linguistic differences, but with a detectable impact of contact-induced changes in the languages concerned.

This paper considers to the equation [\int_{S} \frac{U(Q)}{|P-Q|^{N-1}} dS(Q) = F(P), P \in S,] where the surface S is the graph of a Lipschitz function \phi on R^N, which has a small Lipschitz constant. The integral in the left-hand side is the single layer potential corresponding to the Laplacian in R^{N+1}. Let \Lambda(r) be a Lipschitz constant of \phi on the ball centered at the origin with radius 2r. Our analysis is carried out in local L^p-spaces and local Sobolev spaces, where 1 < p < \infty, and results are presented in terms of \Lambda(r). Estimates of solutions to the equation are provided, which can be used to obtain knowledge about the behaviour of the solutions near a point on the surface. The estimates are given in terms of seminorms. Solutions are also shown to be unique if they are subject to certain growth conditions. Local estimates are provided and some applications are supplied.

We prove that the solution of the wave equation associated to the Grushin operator G = -Delta -vertical bar x vertical bar(2)partial derivative(2)(t) is bounded on L-P (Rn+1), with 1 < p < infinity, when vertical bar 1/p - 1/2 vertical bar < 1/n+2.

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions with prescribed L-2-norm for the following Kirchhoff type equation: -(a + b integral(RN) vertical bar del u vertical bar(2))Delta u -vertical bar u vertical bar(p-2)u =lambda u, x is an element of R-N, lambda is an element of R, where N 0 are constants, p is an element of(2, 2*), 2 = 6 if N = 3, and 2*= +infinity if N = 1, 2. We obtain the sharp existence of global constraint minimizers for 2 < p

The theory of closed sesquilinear forms in the non-semi-bounded situation exhibits some new features, as opposed to the semi-bounded situation. In particular, there can be more than one closed form associated with the generalized Friedrichs extension SF of a non-semi-bounded symmetric operator S (if SF exists). However, there is one unique form [·, ·] satisfying Kato's second representation theorem and, in particular, dom = dom ∣SF∣1/2. In the present paper, another closed form [·, ·], also uniquely associated with SF, is constructed. The relation between these two forms is analysed and it is shown that these two non-semi-bounded forms can indeed differ from each other. Some general criteria for their equality are established. The results induce solutions to some open problems concerning generalized Friedrichs extensions and complete some earlier results about them in the literature. The study is connected to the spectral functions of definitizable operators in Kreĭn spaces.

The purpose of this study was to examine graph comprehension in college students with developmental dyslexia. We investigated how graph types (line, vertical bar, and horizontal bar graphs), graphic patterns (single and double graphic patterns), and question types (point locating and comparison questions) differentially affect graph comprehension of students with and without dyslexia. Groups were compared for (1) reaction times for answering comprehension questions based on graphed data and (2) eye gaze times for specific graph subregions (x-axis, y-axis, pattern, legend, question, and answer). Dyslexic readers were significantly slower in their graph comprehension than their peers with group differences becoming more robust with the increasing complexity of graphs and tasks. In addition, dyslexic readers' initial eye gaze viewing times for linguistic subregions (question and answer) and total viewing times for both linguistic (question and answer) and nonlinguistic (pattern) subregions were significantly longer than their control peers' times. In spite of using elementary-level paragraphs for comprehension and simple graph forms, young adults with dyslexia needed more time to process linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli. These findings are discussed relative to theories proposed to address fundamental processing deficits in individuals with dyslexia.

Einstein's principle of relativity is an important fundamental of relativity. It can also be said that relativity is based on the assumption of the principle of relativity. This assumption can be represented by a diagram of "relativity of time interval", as shown in Fig. a . According to the theory of relativity, a flash emits from the light source in the moving car and returns to the light source after being reflected by the mirror on the roof. The person in the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along a vertical line, and the person off the train thinks that the flash returns to the light source along the AMB curve. The time taken in the two routes is inconsistent. In fact, it is a preconception. Einstein believes that the flash will undoubtedly return to the light source, which is a matter of course and need not be discussed. Therefore, he did not think more and immediately carried out the next research on the time taken inside and outside the train. Here's where the problem arose. Is there an experimental evidence? If the flash does return to the light source, then the next analysis carried out by Einstein is correct and impeccable. However, if the flash does not return to the light source, then Einstein's next analysis and the whole theory of relativity make no sense.

A graph is called a strong (resp. weak) bar 1-visibility graph if its vertices can be represented as horizontal segments (bars) in the plane so that its edges are all (resp. a subset of) the pairs of vertices whose bars have a $\epsilon$-thick vertical line connecting them that intersects at most one other bar. We explore the relation among weak (resp. strong) bar 1-visibility graphs and other nearly planar graph classes. In particular, we study their relation to 1-planar graphs, which have a drawing with at most one crossing per edge; quasi-planar graphs, which have a drawing with no three mutually crossing edges; the squares of planar 1-flow networks, which are upward digraphs with in- or out-degree at most one. Our main results are that 1-planar graphs and the (undirected) squares of planar 1-flow networks are weak bar 1-visibility graphs and that these are quasi-planar graphs.

Background Normal adults demonstrate a slight upward bias (vertical pseudoneglect) when attempting vertical line bisection. The mechanism for this bias is unknown. Activation of the allocentric (object-centered) ventral visual system during attempted bisection may induce this bias. This object-centered ventral stream may also mediate focal attention. As compared to bisection, when normal participants perform a vertical line quadrisection task that requires more focal attention, they may have a greater upward bias. Methods Sixteen participants bisected and quadrisected vertical lines. Results The mean upward bias (deviation error) for the quadrisection tasks was significantly higher than the mean error for the line bisections. Conclusions These results are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of the ventral stream by a task that requires focal allocentric attention can induce an upward vertical bias that is greater than the upward bias observed with allocentric line bisection, a task that requires more global attention.

In this paper, we propose a preprocessing method that it is to correct the distortion of text area in Korean signboard images as a preprocessing step to improve character recognition. Distorted perspective in recognizing of Korean signboard text may cause of the low recognition rate. The proposed method consists of four main steps and eight sub-steps: main step consists of potential vertical components detection, vertical components detection, text-boundary estimation and distortion correction. First, potential vertical line components detection consists of four steps, including edge detection for each connected component, pixel distance normalization in the edge, dominant-point detection in the edge and removal of horizontal components. Second, vertical line components detection is composed of removal of diagonal components and extraction of vertical line components. Third, the outline estimation step is composed of the left and right boundary line detection. Finally, distortion of the text image is corrected by bilinear transformation based on the estimated outline. We compared the changes in recognition rates of OCR before and after applying the proposed algorithm. The recognition rate of the distortion corrected signboard images is 29.63% and 21.9% higher at the character and the text unit than those of the original images.

In previous studies we demonstrated that the speech of a language-acquiring child and that of her parent can be characterized as a transactional process of dynamic adaptation. We reported a striking attunement between child and parent in the global development of mean length of utterance and utterance length between the ages of 1.5 and 2.5 years. Here we present a reanalysis of these data, focusing on the utilization of different categories of utterance length. In particular we analyzed the temporal structure of the dialogue on the linguistic level using the technique of cross-recurrence quantification. This type of analysis enabled us to study the interaction between interlocutors at the microlevel, revealing the dynamics of child-parent conversation and how this changes over time. Results showed decreasing values for measures quantifying the vertical line structures as well as an increasing average length of the diagonal lines in the recurrence plot. This was interpreted as indicating an increasing flexibility in the patterns of parent-child dialogue over the period of 1 year.

Sexual dimorphism of vertical bar patterning along the ontogenetic gradient was investigated in the South European toothcarp Aphanius fasciatus through the analysis of field samples collected from four different Venice Lagoon sites. Results suggested that, after controlling for site effect, vertical bar number and density were more correlated with size in females than in males, yielding a higher number of less spaced bars in females than in males. Results are discussed with regard to the interplay between natural and sexual selection acting on vertical bar dimorphism, suggesting a role of disruptive colouration in females and a more pronounced role of sexual selection in males.

Based on the data collected by a vertical line array (VLA) during an experiment in the South China Sea, October 2011, source localization results of the conventional matched-field processor (MFP) are presented and analyzed. The results indicate that when the measurement distance is less than about 40 km, the MFP is a viable processing technique, while for distances beyond 40 km, a bimodal character emerges in the MFP output. The distance between the two peaks is about 30 km, and many of the source locations are estimated in the wrong peaks. Besides environmental variable mismatch, the existence of a periodic sound field structure formed by the sea bottom reflection in such an environment is proposed to explain the phenomenon. The explanation is verified by an argument based on the normal mode theory, and the result shows reasonable agreement with the MFP output.

Java has no library support for karaoke. That is too application specific. In this chapter, I give you code for a karaoke player that can play KAR files. The player will show two lines of the lyrics to be played, with words already played being highlighted in red. Along the top, it shows a simple piano keyboard with the notes that are played in channel 1 of the MIDI file. In the middle, it shows the melody line, with a vertical line in the middle to show the currently playing note.

The aim of this paper is to solve the basic stochastic shortest-path problem (SSPP) for Markov chains (MCs) with countable state space and then apply the results to a class of nearest-neighbor MCs on the lattice state space $$\mathbb Z \times \mathbb Z $$ whose only moves are one step up, down, to the right or to the left. The objective is to control the MC, by suppressing certain moves, so as to minimize the expected time to reach a certain given target state. We characterize the optimal policies for SSPPs for general MCs with countably infinite state space, the main tool being a verification theorem for the value function, and give an algorithmic construction. Then we apply the results to a large class of examples: nearest-neighbor MCs for which the state space $$\mathbb Z \times \mathbb Z $$ is split by a vertical line into two regions inside which the transition probabilities are the same for every state. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the so-called distance-diminishing policy to be optimal. For the general case in which this condition does not hold we develop an explicit finite construction of an optimal policy.

Using integral method, the stress formula of soil for arbitrary Poisson's ratio under vertical line load was detailedly and completely derived based on Melan integral. The result shows that when the line load acting on the ground surface for arbitrary Poisson's ratio of soil, the stress formula is equivalent to the formula for Poisson's ratio of 0.5. Owing to such stress bubble graphics haven't appeared in Chinese soil mechanics textbooks, we give a detailed mapping of stress bulbs under vertical liner load.

The 3 x 3 Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata-Pontecorvo (MNSP) lepton flavor mixing matrix may be slightly non-unitary if the three active neutrinos are coupled with sterile neutrinos. We show that it is in principle possible to test whether the relation vertical bar V-e1 vertical bar(2) + vertical bar Ve(2)vertical bar(2) + vertical bar Ve(3)vertical bar(2) = 1 holds or not in a precision reactor antineutrino oscillation experiment, such as the recently proposed Daya Bay II experiment. We explore three categories of non-unitary effects on the 3 x 3 MNSP matrix: 1) the indirect effect in the (3 + 3) flavor mixing scenario where the three heavy sterile neutrinos do not take part in neutrino oscillations; 2) the direct effect in the (3 + 1) scenario where the light sterile neutrino can oscillate into the active ones; and 3) the interplay of both of them in the (3 + 1 +2) scenario. We find that both the zero-distance effect and flavor mixing factors of different oscillation modes can be used to determine or constrain the sum of vertical bar Ve(1)vertical bar(2), vertical bar Ve(2)vertical bar(2) and vertical bar Ve(3)vertical bar(2) and its possible deviation from one, and the active neutrino mixing angles theta(12) and theta(13) can be cleanly extracted even in the presence of light or heavy sterile neutrinos. Some useful analytical results are obtained for each of the three scenarios. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This chapter addresses a testing issue of divisions between vertical lines and horizontal blocks in PRC governance. Rather than an approach, it is more a problem in a governance approach. It is an issue of balance between centralization and de-centralization or devolution, mimicked by vertical versus horizontal divisions. The former corresponds to a centralized top-down approach while the latter devolves the central power to administrative divisions, i.e., the blocks. There have been constant alternations between the emphases on the two approaches while divisions have been accompanied by connexions. After introducing the related notions, the chapter elaborates on divisions and connexions in action, being illustrated with diverse real world cases to demonstrate the varied links and commanding lines between governments and government departments and agencies at higher and lower levels. In addition, government departments and agencies in three categories of a province are studied comprehensively as examples of divisions and connexions in practice. Finally, swings and controversies in alternations in divisions and connexions are discussed, to reveal trending one directional alternations and shambolic alternations, also with real world cases and examples.

International audience; Source Source depth estimation with a vertical line array generally involves mode filtering, then matched-mode processing. Because mode filtering is an ill-posed problem if the water column is not well-sampled, concerns for robustness motivate a simpler approach: source depth discrimination considered as a binary classification problem. It aims to evaluate whether the source is near the surface or submerged. These two hypotheses are formulated in terms of normal modes, using the concept of trapped and free modes. Decision metrics based on classic mode filters are proposed. Monte Carlo methods are used to predict performance and set the parameters of a classifier accordingly.

We study the large time behavior of solutions of the PDE vertical bar v(t)vertical bar(p-2)v(t) = Delta(p)v. A special property of this equation is that the Rayleigh quotient integral(Omega) vertic ...

Let A be any n×n array on the symbols [n]={1,…,n}, with at most m symbols in each cell. An n×n Latin square L on the symbols [n] is said to avoid A if no entry in L is present in the corresponding cell of A, and A is said to be avoidable if such a Latin square L exists. The intricacy of this problem is defined to be the minimum number of arrays into which A must be split in order to ensure that each part is avoidable. We present lower and upper bounds for the intricacy, and conjecture that the lower bound is in fact the correct answer.

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the integrable Novikov equation. By using the Littlewood-Paley decomposition and nonhomogeneous Besov spaces, we prove that the Cauchy problem for the integrable Novikov equation is locally well-posed in the Besov space B-p.r(s), with 1 max{1 + 1/p, 3/2} In particular, when u(0) is an element of B-p.r(s) boolean AND H-l with 1 max{1 + 1/p, 3/2}, for all t is an element of [0, T], we have that vertical bar vertical bar u(t)vertical bar vertical bar H-l = vertical bar vertical bar u(0)vertical bar vertical bar(H)l. We also prove that the local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for the Novikov equation fails in B-2.(3/2)(infinity). (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The locus of reduced bad zero-schemes, B0⊂X[b0], for a linear system |V| on a non singular, n-dimensional, algebraic variety X is defined. The pairs (X,V) for which B0 has the maximal dimension, nb0−1, are characterized. For n=2, non-reduced bad zero-schemes are also discussed.

As an important part of hydroelectric power station,wind cover is under a high temperature stress in the process of running the station,and the structure may be in danger.This paper analyze a hydropower turbine wind cover’s temperature stress in two different conditions with large general-purpose finite element analysis software ANSYS.Study shows that in the worst case of load combination,Wind cover appears higher tensile stress values.In order to ensure the structural safety, the measures of arranging ring bar and vertical bar on the outer wall of the wind cover are suggested.

Although commonly prescribed, little research exists on bath grab bars. This study examined the use of bath grab bars following an experimentally induced balance perturbation, the influence of the task on grab bar use, and the influence of balance loss on acceptance of grab bars. A mixed design documented the use of four different grab bar configurations: (a) no bars, (b) vertical/horizontal combination, (c) L-shaped bar, and (d) vertical/angled combination following balance loss. Eighty adults were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group tried the "no bar" configuration and one of the other grab bar configurations. In 25% of the trials for each configuration, balance perturbation was induced. Older adults used grab bars 59.4% of time to regain balance, compared to 13.6% for younger adults. The vertical bar on the side wall was favored by both groups of participants during both bathtub entry and exit. To promote safety in the home, existing building codes must be revised to recommend minimally a vertical grab bar on the side wall. Additional bars may be needed to ensure safety during stand-to-sit and sit-to-stand phases of bath transfers. Initiatives must be taken to decrease the prejudice associated with grab bars.

Candle stick bars contain only the first, highest, lowest, and last value of a time series of dozens or thousands of data (see Figure 1). Therefore candle sticks bars are a data compression tool. Mr. Homma in Sakata, Japan, introduced candle stick bars for trading rice around 1850 [1]. The Western version of the candle stick bar is the Open-High-Low-Close bar (OHLC bar). It is commonly used to illustrate changes in price of currencies, securities and other financial instruments. The vertical line indicated the range of prices over a certain time period, which can by a day or an hour, the left tick is the prices at the beginning of the time period (open) and the right tick is the price at the end of time period (close).

Let A A be a zero-sum free subset of Z n \mathbb {Z}_n with | A | = k |A|=k . We compute for k ≤ 7 k\leq 7 the least possible size of the set of all subset-sums of A A .

The more links can be observed in the vertical line between intentions and results as embodied by a policy process, the smaller the chance will be of a congruent implementation of the public policy concerned. Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) expressed this view on implementation in one of the longest and most famous subtitles in the study of public administration. In this article this view is addressed as the thesis of incongruent implementation. Although still common with policy makers, since Bowen’s (1982) critique it hardly has been investigated further. At the same time, however, scholars across different research communities have started to explore the effects of intermediary variables between government intentions and governmental performance. The objective in this article is to look at what is known about the impact of such variables currently and to explore the implications for the study of implementation.

In this paper we examine the quasiminimizing properties of radial power-type functions u(x) = vertical bar x vertical bar(alpha) in R-n. We find the optimal quasiminimizing constant whenever u is a quasiminfinizer of the p-Dirichlet integral, p not equal n, and similar results when u is a quasisub- and quasisuperminimizer. We also obtain similar results for log-powers when p = n.

By means of the Z(2) index, we study the geometrical property of the global attractor for a class of symmetric p-Laplacian equations u(t) - div(vertical bar del u vertical bar(p-2)del u) + vertical bar u vertical bar(r-2)u - lambda vertical bar u vertical bar(s-2)u + f(x.u) = 0, where lambda > 0, 2

We study the semistability of Q vertical bar s, the universal quotient bundle on G(1,3) restricted to any smooth surface S (called congruence). Specifically, we deduce geometric conditions for a congruence S, depending on the slope of a saturated linear subsheaf of Q vertical bar s. Moreover, we check that the Dolgachev-Reider Conjecture (i.e. the semistability of Q vertical bar s for nondegenerate congruences S) is true for all the congruences of degree less than or equal to 10. Also, when the degree of a congruence S is less than or equal to 9, we compute the highest slope reached by the linear subsheaves of Q vertical bar s.

Islam is a humanism, a religion that is very concerned with human being as a center destination. This characteristic of Islam brings the consequence that this perfect religion is very big role for human, not only regulate and contain messages that must be implemented in vertical line to God, even role to regulate social life - relative horizontal - as well as other fields such as social, economy, politics , health, culture and so on. Dawam Rahardjo, one of the leading figures of Islamic and Modern Economics, has a view and activity in the field of social economic transformation of dakwah focused on four points (Islamic Economy, Main Society, Zakat and Islamic Self-Help and Work Ethic in Islam), each peeled deeply and applicative, which is his view and experience. Nevertheless each view is inseparable from the advantages and disadvantages

The vertical axis through the modal center of rigidity (m-CR) is used for interpreting the code torsional provisions in the design of eccentric multi-story building structures. The concept of m-CR has been demonstrated by the author in an earlier paper and the particular feature of this point is that when the vertical line of the centers of mass at the floor levels is passing through m-CR, minimum base torsion is developed. For this reason the aforesaid axis is used as reference axis for implementing the code provisions required by the equivalent static analysis. The study examines uniform mixed-bent-type multistory buildings with simple eccentricity, ranging from torsionally stiff to torsionally flexible systems. Using the results of a dynamic response spectrum analysis as a basis for comparisons, it is shown that the results of the code static design are on the safe side in torsionally stiff buildings, but unable to predict the required strength of bents on the stiff side of systems with a predominantly torsional response. Suggestions are made for improving the code provisions in such cases.

We investigate the problem introduced by Baeza-Yates et al. [R.A. Baeza-Yates, J.C. Culberson, G.J.E. Rawlins, Searching with uncertainty, Research report, University of Waterloo, 1987]: given a plane and a horizontal or a vertical line in unknown location give a strategy to find this line. We use a competitive analysis to measure the performance of this strategy. This problem is one of the first generalisations of the cow search problem.