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285 results on '"Vatn, Arild"'

72. Folk og klima: Nordmenns holdninger til klimaendringer, klimapolitikk og eget ansvar

Author

Aasen, Marianne, Klemetsen, Marit Elisabeth, Reed, Eilif Ursin, and Vatn, Arild

Subjects
Normer, Holdninger klimapolitikk, Nordmenn, VDP::Social science: 200, Oppfatninger klima
Abstract

Denne rapporten er en delrapport fra prosjektet ACT (‘From targets to action: public responses to climate policy instruments’) som er finansiert av Norges forskningsråd. Formålet med dette forskningsprosjektet er å gi råd til beslutningstakere om virkemidler som kan støtte overgangen til lavutslippssamfunnet. Prosjektet har som et av flere mål å etablere en forskningsbasert tidsseriedatabase (CICEROs klimaundersøkelse) over nordmenns oppfatninger, holdninger, normer og adferd som er relevante for omstillingen til et lavutslippssamfunn. Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over noen deskriptive resultater fra to spørreundersøkelser gjort i prosjektet. Prosjektet ferdigstilles i løpet av 2021, mens CICEROs klimaundersøkelse fortsetter. Mange av spørsmålene som er dekket, presenteres ikke her, men vies grundigere analyser i kommende publiseringer. Tallene som presenteres gir oss et bilde av hva nordmenn mener om klimaendringer, klimapolitikk og eget ansvar. Et stort flertall av befolkningen mener klimaendringer skjer, at det har negative konsekvenser, og at menneskelig aktivitet påvirker klimaet. Majoriteten mener også at de selv har et ansvar for å kutte egne utslipp. Videre er det et stort flertall som anser at alle sektorer og aktører har et ansvar for at utslipp reduseres, og at ikke andre land må kutte i større grad enn Norge. Samtidig viser tallene langt fra noen entydig retning i hva befolkningen mener konkret bør gjøres for å redusere utslipp, både på individuelt nivå og når det gjelder politikk. Unge under 30 år skiller seg ut fra resten av befolkningen. De er mer klimabekymret, de har oppfatninger som i større grad stemmer med klimaforskningen, og de er mer positive til virkemidler og politikk for utslippskutt. Oppsummert peker tallene i retning av at det finnes et stort rom for lederskap, på alle nivå.

Published
2019

73. Choices without prices without apologies

Author

Vatn, Arild and Bromley, Daniel W.

Subjects
Value analysis (Cost control) -- Analysis, Natural resources -- Economic aspects, Economics, Environmental services industry
Abstract

Economic valuation of environmental goods and services are formed from modeling techniques that render the derived information incomplete and insufficient for policy-making applications. Contingent valuation methods reduce information into single metrics that leave out significant information, since environmental goods and services are characterized by multiple factors and attributes that cannot all be accounted for in the valuation process. Thus the resulting metric contains inherent uncertainties that would make decisions based upon it erroneous and unreliable.

Published
1994

92. Economic Instruments for Conservation Policies in Federal Systems

Author

Lenk, Thomas, Gowdy, John M., Vatn, Arild, Universität Leipzig, Ring, Irene, Lenk, Thomas, Gowdy, John M., Vatn, Arild, Universität Leipzig, and Ring, Irene

Abstract

This habilitation thesis consists of seven published journal articles and one published book chapter. Part I, consisting of chapter 1, introduces the overarching theme of environmental policy instruments and discusses the current use of and prospects for economic instruments in conservation policies. A number of research gaps are identified which are addressed in the subsequent chapters. Part II, consisting of chapters 2–5, encompasses four papers focused on a single type of policy instrument: intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Although well documented in public finance literature, intergovernmental fiscal transfers remain a somewhat neglected instrument in environmental policy. Despite being well suited to address the spillover benefits that often accrue with conservation policies, there is scant research literature on ecological fiscal transfers compared to other economic instruments such as environmental taxes or tradable permits. In fact, very few countries make practical use of them to achieve conservation objectives. Thus intergovernmental fiscal transfers are an innovative instrument in conservation policies in particular, so that advances in both theory and applied research may prove especially beneficial here. Part III, consisting of chapters 6–9, combines a number of articles in integrative biodiversity research and applied biodiversity governance, themes that are often neglected in the economic analysis of environmental policy instruments. However, when implementing policy instruments in societal settings, interdisciplinary research bridging the natural and social sciences is as much a prerequisite as policy-relevant research that responds to the needs of decision makers and other stakeholders. Both policy design and policy evaluation yield the best outcomes when they involve ecologists, economists, legal and other social scientists, as this ensures that consideration is given to ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, administrative feasibility

Published
2011

93. Economic Instruments for Conservation Policies in Federal Systems

Author

Gowdy, John M., Vatn, Arild, Universität Leipzig, Ring, Irene, Gowdy, John M., Vatn, Arild, Universität Leipzig, and Ring, Irene

Abstract

This habilitation thesis consists of seven published journal articles and one published book chapter. Part I, consisting of chapter 1, introduces the overarching theme of environmental policy instruments and discusses the current use of and prospects for economic instruments in conservation policies. A number of research gaps are identified which are addressed in the subsequent chapters. Part II, consisting of chapters 2–5, encompasses four papers focused on a single type of policy instrument: intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Although well documented in public finance literature, intergovernmental fiscal transfers remain a somewhat neglected instrument in environmental policy. Despite being well suited to address the spillover benefits that often accrue with conservation policies, there is scant research literature on ecological fiscal transfers compared to other economic instruments such as environmental taxes or tradable permits. In fact, very few countries make practical use of them to achieve conservation objectives. Thus intergovernmental fiscal transfers are an innovative instrument in conservation policies in particular, so that advances in both theory and applied research may prove especially beneficial here. Part III, consisting of chapters 6–9, combines a number of articles in integrative biodiversity research and applied biodiversity governance, themes that are often neglected in the economic analysis of environmental policy instruments. However, when implementing policy instruments in societal settings, interdisciplinary research bridging the natural and social sciences is as much a prerequisite as policy-relevant research that responds to the needs of decision makers and other stakeholders. Both policy design and policy evaluation yield the best outcomes when they involve ecologists, economists, legal and other social scientists, as this ensures that consideration is given to ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, administrative feasibility

Published
2011

95. Integrating Economics and Ecology

Author

Vatn, Arild, Bakken, Lars R., Bleken, Maria Azzaroli, Bruaset, Arnstein, and Tomter, Nina

Abstract

Supplement This report documents the results from an analysis of policy measures to reduce losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and soil from the agricultural sector to the environment. These kinds of losses are nonpoint, and standard emission oriented policy measures like effluent taxes are prohibitively costly to use. The policy altematives are therefore to regulate the input of potentially polluting substances - in this case reduce the use of fertilizers, to prescribe changes in agronomic practices as conducted on the farm or to change product prices. Principally this study analyzes the effects of these types of regulations, their ability to reduce losses of nutrients and soil, and the private and social costs thereby invoked.

Published
1996

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