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Description of the subject. Red clover is an important forage legume and a rich source of high quality forage for livestock feed. This study assesses of a diverse red clover collection for agronomic value, forage quality and antioxidant activity in relation to status (cultivar vs natural population) and ploidy level (diploid or tetraploid) for the purpose of diversity study and for identification of potential heterotic groups and classification of accessions according to the results of analyses. Objectives. The aims of this research were to: i) explore agronomic traits, forage quality, and antioxidant activity in relation to status and ploidy level; ii) assess trait associations and the possibility of indirect selection; iii) cluster red clover accessions with regard to forage quality and antioxidant activity. Method. Red clover was represented by 46 accessions, the cultivars and natural populations of diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) ploidy levels from 17 countries, which were collected and preserved in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The following traits were determined from the two-year field trial at Rimski Šančevi, Serbia: plant height (PH), internodes number (IN), green mass yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), relative feed value (RFV) and antioxidant activity. All accessions were characterized in the second cut of the second year of life when 20-25% of flowers appeared. Results. The cultivars had higher values for PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI, and RFV. The tetraploid accessions had higher values for IN, GMY, DMY, CP, NDF and DDM. The natural populations and diploid accessions had 39.9% and 21.9% smaller antioxidant capacity, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was positively associated with RFV, DDM, DMI, PH, IN, GMY and DMY, but negatively with ADF and NDF. Conclusions. The grouping of red clov, Description du sujet. Le trèfle violet est une légumineuse fourragère importante et une riche source de fourrage de haute qualité pour l’alimentation du bétail. Cette étude évalue une collection diversifiée de trèfle violet pour la valeur agronomique, la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante en relation avec le statut (cultivar vs population naturelle) et le niveau de ploïdie (diploïde ou tétraploïde) aux fins d’étude de diversité et d’identification de groupes hétérotiques potentiels et de classification des accessions en fonction des résultats des analyses. Objectifs. Les buts de cette recherche étaient : i) d’explorer les caractéristiques agronomiques, la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante en relation avec le statut et le niveau de ploïdie ; ii) d’évaluer les associations de caractéristiques et la possibilité de sélection indirecte ; iii) de regrouper les accessions de trèfle violet en ce qui concerne la qualité du fourrage et l’activité antioxydante. Méthode. Le trèfle violet était représenté par 46 accessions, les cultivars et populations naturelles de niveaux de ploïdie diploïde (2n) et tétraploïde (4n) originaires de 17 pays qui ont été collectés et conservés à l’Institut des grandes cultures et des cultures maraîchères de Novi Sad, Serbie. Les caractéristiques suivantes ont été définies sur la base d’un essai bisannuel sur un champ dans la localité de Rimski Sancevi en Serbie : hauteur de la plante (PH), nombre d’entre-noeuds (IN), rendement en masse verte (GMY), rendement en matière sèche (DMY), protéine brute (CP ), fibre détergente acide (ADF), fibre détergente neutre (NDF), matière sèche digestible (DDM), apport en matière sèche (DMI), valeur alimentaire relative (RFV) et activité antioxydante. Toutes les accessions ont été caractérisées à la deuxième coupe de la deuxième année de vie lorsque 20 à 25 % des fleurs sont apparues. Résultats. Les cultivars avaient des valeurs plus élevées pour PH, IN, GMY, DMY, DDM, DMI et RFV. Les acces

Ovo je novostvorena sorta crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Darija priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije., This is registered newly-developed cultivar of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Darija released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is the second most important perennial forage legumes in the Republic of Serbia, cultivated on 90-120.000 ha. Nowadays red clover is considered as a very important catch crop and green manure as well as row material for production of pharmaceutical supplements based on phytoestrogens. Currently, domestic seed production is not sufficient to meet the demand, so the import of seeds from other countries is necessary. One of the most important factors that guarantee high yields of red clover seeds is cutting management, heavily influenced by environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cutting management on seed yields, some seed yield components and seed quality of NS red clover variety Una. The trial was established on the experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac according to a randomized block design with three replicates. Red clover variety Una was sown on April 10, 2018, at a row-to-row spacing of 25 cm with a seeding rate of 15 kg ha-1. The size of the elementary plot unit was 15 m2 (3x5 m).

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different priming treatments on seed quality and initial growth and development of garden pea. For this purpose, three garden pea cultivars, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable crops, Novi Sad were examined. The laboratory experiment was conducted under optimal conditions. Seeds were primed in water (hydropriming), 0.5% KNO3 solution, and -0.49 MPa PEG solution for 24 hours; non-primed seeds were controls. The results showed that the percentage of germination, shoot and root length, and mean germination rate significantly increased after the tested priming treatments, while the percentage of abnormal seedlings and mean germination time were significantly decreased after the priming treatments compared to the control. The increase of fresh and dry seedling biomass was significant only in cv.1 and cv.2. Despite the genetic diversity of pea cultivars, the results indicated that the examined seed priming treatments enhanced seed quality and vigour of garden pea cultivars., Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju efekti različitih tretmana prajminga na kvalitet semena i početni rast i razvoj povrtarskog graška. U tu svrhu ispitane su tri sorte povrtarskog graška stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Laboratorijski ogled je izveden u optimalnim uslovima. Seme je potapano u vodu (hidroprajming), 0,5% rastvor KNO3 i -0,49 MPa rastvor PEG tokom 24 sata; netretirano seme je bilo kontrola. Rezultati su pokazali da su se procenat klijanja, dužina nadzemnog dela i korena izdanaka, kao i srednja stopa klijanja značajno povećali u ispitivanim tretmanima prajminga, dok su se procenat atipičnih izdanaka i srednje vreme klijanja značajno smanjili u tretmanima prajminga u poređenju sa kontrolom. Povećanje sveže i suve biomase izdanaka bilo je značajno samo kod sorti cv.1 i cv.2. Uprkos genetskoj raznolikosti sorti graška, ovi rezultati su pokazali da su ispitivani tretmani prajminga semena efikasne metode u smislu povećanja kvaliteta i vigora semena sorti povrtarskog graška.

Povećanje raznovrsnosti gajenih biljnih vrsta ima veliki potencijal za rešavanje ekoloških problema izazvanih modernom poljoprivrednom proizvodnjom, kao što su erozija i gubitak ugljenika u zemljištu, ispiranje hranljivih materija, zagađenje voda i smanjenje biodiverziteta. Oplemenjivanje biljaka, kao i druge oblasti istraživanja u poljoprivredi, prvenstveno je usmereno ka stvaranju sorti za gajenje čistih useva pojedinačno, a vrlo retko u sistemu združenih useva. Kako poljoprivredni inputi postaju sve skuplji, a negativan uticaj izazvan ekstremnim vremenskim promenama sve neposredniji i ekološki efekti dominantnih poljoprivrednih sistema postaju sve jasniji, tako i u oplemenjivanju biljaka postaju aktivniji programi koji podržavaju tzv. alternativnu poljoprivredu. Združeni usevi pružaju mogućnost da se istovremeno podrži produktivnost i stabilnost u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, a u isto vreme da se postignu ciljevi održivosti., Increased diversity of cultivated plant species has a large potential for solving environmental issues caused by modern agricultural production, such as erosion and carbon loss in the soil, nutrient leaching, water pollution and declined biodiversity. Plant breeding, as well as other agricultural areas of study, are primarily directed towards developing cultivars to be grown as a sole crop, and only rarely for intercropping. As the cost of agricultural inputs continue to rise, the direct influence of extreme weather changes become more pronounced, highlighting environmental impact of dominant agricultural systems. This drives increased activity in plant breeding within programs supporting so-called alternative agriculture become more active in plant breeding. Intercropping allows the possibility of simultaneously supporting productivity and stability in agricultural production and reaching sustainability goals.

Oplemeljivanje lucerke u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu započeto je posle Drugog svetskog rata, korišćenjem autohtonih populacija, primenom masovne selekcije, kao najstarije metode. Osnovu uspešnog oplemenjivanja lucerke čini bogata genetska kolekcija, koja je prikupljana, ne samo od autohtonih populacija iz zemlje, već i razmenom materijala sa domaćim i svetskim naučno-istraživačkim institucijama i gen bankama, kao i kroz učešće istraživača u međunarodnim projektima. Oplemenjivanje lucerke u Institutu traje neprekidno više od šest decenija, kroz nekoliko ciklusa, primenom različitih oplemenjivačkih metoda, što je rezultiralo sa 22 sorte priznate u Srbiji i 9 sorti registrovanih u inostranstvu (EU, Belorusija, Ukrajina, Turska, Maroko). Iz globalne perspektive, kraj 20. i početak 21. veka obeležilo je uvođenje novog koncepta oplemenjivanja lucerke - semihibridno oplemenjivanje, kao jedan od načina da se poveća prinos krme lucerke, a farmeri u narednim godinama mogu očekivati nove, visokoprinosne i visokokvalitetne sorte lucerke. Savremene metoda biotehnologije –molekularni markeri, koji su značajni sa aspekta povećanja efikasnosti oplemenjivanja lucerke, takođe se intenzivno primenjuju u oplemenjivačkom radu. Poslednjih godina, Institut se intenzivnije bavi oplemenjivačkim strategijama vezanim za uvođenje genetičke osnove otpornosti na kisela zemljišta/Al tolerantnost korišćenjem populacija diploidne lucerke (M. lessingii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Kar.), što predstavlja prvi pokušaj povećanja tolerantnosti lucerke na kisela zemljišta. U oplemenjivanju lucerke istraživanja su usmerena ka stvaranju sorti visoke produkcije nadzemne biomase, kao i proučavanje dugovečnosti – trajnosti sorti. Ispitivanje kvaliteta, posebno hranljive vrednosti i svarljivosti krme, kao i povećanje nivoa otpornosti na ekonomski značajne bolesti i poleganje lucerke, jedan su od pravaca rada na oplemenjivanju lucerke u Institutu., Breeding of alfalfa at the Institute of Field and Vegetables in Novi Sad began after the World War II, using autochthonous populations, and mass selection, as the oldest breeding method. The basis of successful alfalfa breeding is a rich genetic collection, which was collected not only from indigenous populations, but also by the exchange of genotypes with domestic and foreign research institutions and gene banks, as well as through the participation of researchers in international projects. Alfalfa breeding at the Institute has been going on continuously for more than six decades, through several cycles, using different breeding methods, which resulted in the development of 22 alfalfa cultivars in scribed in Serbia and 9 cultivars released abroad (EU, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey, Morocco). From a global perspective, the end of the 20 th and the beginning of the 21 st century was marked by the introduction of a new concept of alfalfa breeding - semi-hybrid breeding, as one of the ways to increase the alfalfa biomass yield, and feed producers can expect the release of new, high- yielding and high-quality cultivars in the coming years. Modern methods of biotechnology - molecular markers, which are significant from the aspect of increasing the efficiency of alfalfa breeding, are also intensively applied in breeding work. In recent years, the Institute has been more intensively dealing with breeding strategies related to the introduction of the genetic basis of acid soil resistance/Al tolerance using diploid alfalfa (M. caerulea) populations, which represents the first attempt to increase alfalfa tolerance to acid soils. In alfalfa breeding, research is directed towards the creation of cultivars with high production of biomass, as well as the study of the durability of the varieties. Testing the quality, especially the nutritional value and digestibility of forage, as well as increasing the level of resistance to economically significant diseases and alfalfa lodging, are o

U Odeljenju za soju, Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo iz Novog Sada do sada je registrovano 174 NS sorte soje, različitih grupa zrenja. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, najnovijih NS sorti soje priznatih u 2023 godini. U dvogodišnjim ogledima Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede, na pet lokaliteta, najviši prinos imala je sorta soje NS Aurelius (3.088 kg ha-1). Najviši sadržaj proteina imala je sorta NS Ecob (45,80%), dok je najviši sadržaj ulja zabeležen kod sorti NS Sedef (20,88) i NS Apolo (20,76%)., The Department of soybean, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has so far registered 174 NS soybean cultivars of different maturity groups. The aim of this study is to assess the yield, protein and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area, the latest NS varieties registered in 2023. In the two-year trials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, at five locations, the highest yield had late soybean NS Aurelius (3.088 kg ha-1). The highest protein content was early variety NS Ecob (45.80%), while the highest oil content was recorded in varieties NS Sedef (20.88) and NS Apolo (20.76%).

Nanopriming is a newly developed seed technology that improves seed germination, initial plant growth, and crop yield by enabling plants to withstand a variety of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive metal-based (Co, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Se) nanopriming as compared to hydro- and non-primed seeds of three different pea cultivars in a germination test. Seed priming with nanoparticles (NPs) improved field pea quality via significant increase in germination energy (cv. E-244), final germination (cv. E-244, cv. Dukat), shoot length (cv. E-244, cv. Partner), root length (cv. E-244, cv. Dukat, cv. Partner), fresh shoot weight (cv. Partner), dry shoot weight (cv. Partner), seedling vigor index (cv. E-244, cv. Partner), and chlorophyll content (cv. Dukat, cv. Partner), as compared to both hydropriming and the control. Moreover, nanopriming led to significant improvements in shoot length, fresh shoot length, dry shoot length, seedling vigor index (cv. Dukat), and dry root weight (cv. E-244) as compared to the control only. In general, the highest effect on the examined parameters was achieved by nanopriming, indicating that this treatment may be utilized to raise field pea quality performance. To optimize the method, it is necessary to conduct extensive laboratory and field trials.

Pokazalo se da je zajednička primena biođubriva NS Nitragin, koji se koristi u Srbiji za inokulaciju semena mahunarki i ekološki bezopasnog biokompleksa koji smo razvili, imala sinergističko stimulativan efekat na proces nodulacije, azotofiksirajuću aktivnost kvržica na korenu i prinos dve sorte soje srpske selekcije u zemljišno-klimatskim uslovima Srbije. U planu je da se razmotre mogući mehanizmi postignutog efekta efikasnih kombinacija NS Nitragina i biokompleksa u tehnologiji gajenja soje i izgledi za njihovu praktičnu primenu u Belorusiji i Srbiji., It was shown that the joint application of biofertilizer NS Nitragin, which is used in Serbia for the inoculation of legume seeds and the ecologically harmless biocomplex that we developed, had a synergistic stimulating effect on the nodulation process, the nitrogen-fixing activity of root nodules and the yield of two Serbian selection soybean varieties in soil - climatic conditions of Serbia. The plan is to consider possible mechanisms of the achieved effect of effective combinations of NS Nitragin and biocomplexes in soybean cultivation technology and prospects for their practical application in Belarus and Serbia.

Crvena detelina (Trifolium pratense. L) je jedna od najviše gajenih mahunarki u umerenim i vlažnim područjima. Poznata je kao važan izvor izoflavona, jedinjenja koja pripadaju malobrojnoj porodici fitoestrogena. Crvena detelina se stoga, pored soje, često koristi kao sirovina za proizvodnju dijetetskih suplemenata koji se preporučuju za ublažavanje simptoma menopauze. Druga prisutna fenolna jedinjenja, sa svojim antioksidativnim svojstvima, takođe doprinose ukupnom zdravstvenom potencijalu ove biljke. Postoji mnogo genetskih i ekoloških faktora koji utiču na sadržaj fitoestrogena u crvenoj detelini, ali se malo zna o uticaju nivoa ploidnosti na profil izoflavona. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi sastav izoflavona, ukupni fenolni sadržaj i antioksidativni potencijal različitih biljnih delova 30 genotipova crvene deteline, kao i da se proceni uticaj nivoa ploidnosti na ova svojstva., Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the most widely grown leguminous plants in temperate and humid areas. It is well known as an important source of isoflavones, compounds which belong to the narrow family of phytoestrogens. Red clover, next to soybean, is therefore often used as a raw material for production of dietary supplements recommended for alleviation of menopausal symptoms. Other present phenolic compounds with their antioxidant properties also contribute to the overall health potential of this plant. There are many genetic and environmental factors influencing phytoestrogen content in red clover, but little is known about the impact of ploidy level on isoflavone profile. The aim of this study was to determine isoflavone composition, total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of different plant parts of 30 red clover genotypes, and to evaluate the influence of ploidy level on these traits.

Background: This study was carried out for an understanding of the antioxidant mechanisms of field pea varieties under osmotic stress conditions caused by a lack of water. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were examined and analyzed. The gene expression levels of Cu/Zn SOD, cAPx and GR genes were also examined. Methods: Osmotic stress was stimulated using PEG 6000 with the osmotic potential of -0.1 MPa in 10 days old plant seedlings. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes was measured in the shoots and roots of pea seedlings. The gene expression levels of genes coding antioxidative enzymes were examined by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Arabidopsis 18S rRNA was used as endogenous control. Result: Osmotic stress changed the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the shoots and roots of pea seedlings. Varieties more tolerant to osmotic stress showed a significant increase in antioxidant activities in shoots and roots, while sensitive varieties showed a significant decrease. The results of the analysis of the expression of genes, coding for antioxidant enzymes, showed that the reaction of the tested cultivars to ROS was the result of increased expression of the tested genes in tolerant cultivars, i.e. decreased expression in sensitive cultivars.

Ovo je sorta lucerke (Medicago sativa L.) Nera priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske., This is a registered alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivar Nera released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Srpska.

Sprouted seeds and microgreens are emerging as innovative specialty raw salad crops, valued for their health-promoting properties. However, the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with microbial contamination in microgreens underscores the need for effective sanitization in their production. This study explores using hydrolates, by-products of essential oil distillation from six plants, as natural sanitizers in alfalfa microgreen production. The research investigates their impact on seed germination, antimicrobial activity, and sensory attributes. Results revealed that oregano, fennel, lavender, and lemon catmint hydrolates decrease alfalfa seed germination, while peppermint and hop hydrolates have no significant impact. Peppermint and fennel hydrolates demonstrate notable efficacy in antimicrobial testing. Sensory analysis indicates differences in odour and flavour, with peppermint, oregano, and lavender receiving high scores. According to the results, peppermint hydrolate can be considered a favourable option for alfalfa micro sprout production, contributing to sustainable and organic approaches in urban agriculture and underlining the importance of natural sanitizers for food safety.

Ovo je sorta panonske grahorice (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) Panonka priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srpske.

Protein pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a protein-rich legume (up to 33% of seed protein). Using pea in the human and animal diet provides one of the best solutions for the long-term lack of plant-based protein. Although soybean is one of the primary plant protein sources, the advantage of growing pea is their wider geographical area and colder climates adaptability. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different agroecological conditions in 64 protein pea cultivars on seed protein content and agronomical traits related to seed yield. A two-year trial on two European sites (Serbia and Belgium) was done using an augmented block design. The average temperatures and total precipitation amount during the vegetative period (March-August) in Serbia trials were 18.4 °C and 381.4 mm for 2019 and 18.1°C and 488.9 mm for 2020, and in Belgium trials 14.9 °C and 268.9 mm for 2019 and 14.7°C and 184.6 mm for 2020. Agronomical traits (flowering duration FD, plant seed yield PSY, thousand seed weight TSW, and seed per pod SPP) were determined using ten plant samples, while seed protein content (SPC) was determined using near-infrared spectroscopy (Table 1). Statistically significant differences between localities were determined by T-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined between traits. Multivariate analysis was performed based on the examination of mean values of traits for both localities, in order to investigate the population structure of 64 pea genotypes differing in color and seed type. Significant positive correlation was observed between TSW and PSY (0.60), and between SPP and SPC (0.25). A significant negative correlation was determined between SPC and TSW (-0.66) and between SPC and PSY (-0.41). The results of multivariate analysis based on seed color show the separation of pigmented seeds from mixed non-pigmented seeds by the first axis (35.9%) and yellow non-pigmented seeds by the second axis (17.9%), with no clear grouping in rel

Heat stress seriously affects the production of cool-season food legume crops such as garden peas. Seed priming is a widely used technique that increases germination and improves plant growth and development, resulting in better field performance and higher yield of crops. In the current study, we investigated three seed priming treatments—hydropriming (dH2O), osmopriming (2.2% w/v CaCl2), and hormopriming (50 mg L-1 salicylic acid - SA)—and their effect on germination, initial seedling development, and physiological traits of two novel garden pea cultivars, under optimal conditions and heat stress. Seed priming with H2O, CaCl2, and SA enhanced garden pea performance under both optimal and stress conditions via significant improvements in germination energy, final germination, mean germination time, mean germination rate, seedling vigor index, shoot length, root length, fresh seedling weight, dry seedling weight, shoot elongation rate, root elongation rate, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and membrane stability index, as compared to control. The highest effect on the examined parameters was achieved by osmopriming and hormopriming in both cultivars, suggesting that these treatments could be used to improve the heat stress tolerance of garden pea, after extensive field trials

Seme lucerke ima veliki privredni i ekonomski značaj od davnina, jer se smatra da je lucerka prva gajena krmna biljka. Danas je veoma raširena i gaji se u više od 80 zemalja na svim kontinentima od umereno hladnog do tropskog pojasa (Katić i sar., 2000). Lucerka (Medicago sativa L.) je po površinama najzastupljenija krmna kultura kako u svetu, tako i kod nas, pre svega zbog hemijskog sastava njene biljne mase. Sadržaj proteina u suvoj materiji lucerke varira između 18 i 25%, u zavisnosti od faze razvoja biljaka, otkosa, sorte i načina iskorišćavanja. Sadržaj mineralnih materija je 9,87%, dok se i sadržaj kalcijuma kreće od 1,4 do 1,9%. Sadržaj masnih materija je nizak, u proseku 1,78% (Katić et al., 2004)., Alfalfa seeds have been of great economic and economic importance since ancient times, because it is considered that alfalfa was the first cultivated fodder plant. Today it is very widespread and is cultivated in more than 80 countries on all continents from the temperate to the tropical zone (Katić et al., 2000). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most represented forage crop both in the world and in our country, primarily due to the chemical composition of its plant mass. The protein content in the dry matter of alfalfa varies between 18 and 25%, depending on the stage of plant development, cutting, variety and method of utilization. The mineral content is 9.87%, while the calcium content ranges from 1.4 to 1.9%. The content of fatty substances is low, on average 1.78% (Katić et al., 2004).

Cilj ovog tehničkog rešenja je da se ispita mogućnost primene hidrolata (timijan, nana, origano, komorač, hmelj, lavanda i limunska macina trava) u proizvodnji mikroklica lucerke u cilju rešavanja problema mikrobiološke ispravnosti i senzornog poboljšanja ukusa mikroklica, te zaštite životne sredine iskorišćavanjem hidrolata za proces proizvodnje mikroklica.

U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad do 2023. godine registrovano je 174 sorti soje i to 34 sorte soje grupe zrenja 000 i 00, 39 sorti 0 grupe zrenja, 54 sorti 1 grupe zrenja, 41 sorta I] grupe zrenja i 6 sorti soje III grupe zrenja. Cilj ovoga rada je sagledavanje prinosa, sadržaja proteina i ulja, kao i prinosa proteina i ulja po jedinici površine, najnovijih NS sorti soje priznatih u 2023 godini. U dvogodišnjim ogledima Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije, na pet lokaliteta, najviši prinos imala je sorta soje NS Aurelius (3.088 kg ha-1). Najviši sadržaj proteina imala je sorta NS Ecob (45,8%), dok je najviši sadržaj ulja zabeležen kod sorti NS Sedef (20,9%) i NS Apolo (20,8%)., Until 2023, 174 soybean varieties were registered at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 34 soybean varieties of ripening group 000 and 00, 39 varieties of 0 ripening group, 54 varieties of ripening group I, 41 varieties of ripening group II and 6 soybean varieties of ripening group III. The aim of this study is to assess the yield, protein and oil content, as well as protein and oil yield per unit area, the latest NS varieties registered in 2023. In the two-year trials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, at five locations, the highest yield had late soybean NS Aurelius (3.088 kg ha-1). The highest protein content was early variety NS Ecob (45.8%), while the highest oil content was recorded in varieties NS Sedef (20.9%) and NS Apolo (20.8%).

Ovo je novostvorena sorta crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Sana priznata od strane Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i ishrane Republike Slovenije., This is registered newly-developed cultivar of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) NS Sana released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta aleksandrijske deteline (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije., This is a registered newly-developed cultivar of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) NS Asja released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.

Due to the increase in greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, there is increased attention on renewable energy sources from specialized crops. These crops should not compete with food security, and it is important to select plant resources which can produce methane-rich biogas efficiently. The most commonly used energy crops are planted and managed intensively with high inputs in productive land, and this negatively affects land use and sustainable use of resources. The main purposes of this study are to: (a) determine the best cropping system for optimal biogas and methane production from sole crops of winter pea, triticale and out and their mixtures at two different maturity stages (first stage: full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of milky stage of cereals; second stage: emergence of firsts pods for pea and milky/waxy stage of cereals); and (b) to develop and use a surface model to determine the best combinations of various mixtures that result in highest biogas and methane. The used pure or mixtures of pea, oat and triticale in two seed weight ratios (50%:50% and 75%:25%) produced different green mass, dry matter, solids, biogas and methane yields. The experiments showed that maximum green mass was produced by the mixture of pea and oat at the seed ratio 75%:25% and when crop was harvested at the full-flowering stage of winter pea and beginning of the milky stage of cereals. After quadratic model analyses, the combination ratios of the oat and triticale were, respectively, 30% and 8%, with a maximum green biomass yield of 61.48 t ha-1, while the corresponding values were 28% and 38%, with maximum solids yields of 25.64 t ha-1. As the model was set at 100 for all three independent variables (oat, triticale and pea), the pea should be at 62% (100-30-8) and 34% (100-28-38), respectively, for green mass and organic solids yields. The results of surface analysis and multivariate analysis of variance showed that the mixture of oat and triticale had gr

Phytoestrogens are plant compounds that can exhibit estrogen-like activity. Isoflavones are one of the best studied groups of phytoestrogens known for their human health benefits. Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the leading forage legumes in northern and south-eastern Europe, the United States and Canada. In recent years, the use of natural antioxidants found in red clover has attracted interest due to their presumed nutritional and therapeutic values (Vlaisavljevic et al., 2014; Vlaisavljevic et al., 2017). Studies of utilization of red clover by the pharmaceutical industry have pointed that dietary phytoestrogens play an important role in the prevention of menopausal symptoms (Lipovac et al., 2010), osteoporosis (Atkinson et al., 2004a), estrogen-related cancers like breast cancer, prostate cancer (Atkinson et al., 2004b; Velentzis et al., 2008) and heart disease (Cano et al., 2010; Dixon, 2004). The isoflavones content in red clover is controlled by genetic and environmental factors (Boot et al., 2006; Sivesind and Seguin, 2005; Tsao et al., 2006; Visnevschi-Necrasov et al., 2013).

Red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) is a source of highly nutritional voluminous forage for livestock feed. The objectives of this investigation were to: I) annotate associations of agronomic and forage quality traits of red clover accessions; II) group accessions in relation to analyzed traits. The plant material used included 46 cultivars and local populations, which originated from 17 countries, representing part of the red clover collection from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. The field trial was sown during two growing seasons in Novi Sad. The agronomic traits (plant height-PH, internodes number per stem-IN, green mass yield-GMY, dry matter yield-DMY) were evaluated from the second cut in the nursery of the second year of life. Forage quality traits analyzed were content of neutral detergent fibers (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude protein (CP). In regard to very strong associations of PH, GMY and DMY, and to moderately strong associations of PH and IN, it could be anticipated that the indirect selection for higher plants with higher IN can lead to higher GMY and DMY. The breeding of red clover for NDF and ADF and elevated CP might be successful, but can reduce herbage yield (due to very weak positive and negative associations with GMY and DMY). The accessions were grouped to the six clusters which can facilitate selection and breeding for different agronomic and quality objectives.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a meadow and pasture species in natural habitats and also a cultivated species used for animal nutrition. The aim of this research was the assessment of the diversity of 46 red clover accessions based on morphoproductive traits. The traits were investigated according to the UPOV descriptors for red clover – number of internodes, number of branches, stem length, stem thickness, middle leaflet length, middle leaflet width, green matter yield and dry matter yield. The principal components analysis (PCA) explained 74% of the variance of the standardized data and showed relationships between 46 red clover accessions and eight morpho-productive traits, associations among traits and performance of accessions. Among the determined Euclidean distances, the smallest value was obtained for the accessions Rotra and Titus (0.048), the largest value was 1.099 for a pair of NCPGRU2 and Čortanovci accessions, and the average value was 0.380. Two clusters of 46 red clover accessions were separated in the dendrogram based upon UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic mean) for eight morpho-productive traits. The first cluster included two subclusters, while the second cluster contained four subclusters. The grouping of the accessions from the red clover collection by the UPGMA cluster analysis can be linked to the geographical origin of the accessions: central and southern Europe for three subclusters and north-eastern Europe for one subcluster.

Ovo je novostvorena sorta jarog proteinskog krmnog graška (Pisum sativum L.) NS Labud priznata od strane Uprave za zaštitu bilja Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Republike Srbije., This is registered newly-developed cultivar of spring protein forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) NS Labud released by the Plant Protection Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia.

Red clover is an important perennial forage legume and a rich source of highly nutritional voluminous forage for livestock feed, which is continuously improved by plant breeding efforts that rely significantly on trait correlation studies. A two-year field trial was conducted at Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. The aim of this research was to assess correlations of important morpho-agronomic traits and forage quality properties of 46 red clover accessions of diverse origins. The highest Spearman’s correlation coefficient (0.97, p<0.01) was found between the branch number and internode number per stem in the first experimental year. The green mass yield and the dry matter yield in both years had very high (0.95, p<0.01) and high (0.86, p<0.01) correlations, respectively. The stem height and internode number per stem had intermediate correlations in both years (0.68, p<0.01, and 0.50, p<0.01, respectively), and stem height exhibited an intermediate correlation with green mass yield (0.57, p<0.01, and 0.62, p<0.01, respectively) and dry matter yield (0.60, p<0.01, and 0.56, p <0.01, respectively) in both years. Thus, the indirect selection for higher plants with higher numbers of internodes per stem may contribute to accomplishing higher yield performance per plant. Although the branch number showed the highest positive correlation (p<0.01) with internode number per stem and an intermediate positive correlation (p<0.01) with stem height, this trait had a low correlation with green mass yield and dry matter yield and cannot be used as a criterion for indirect selection. © 2022 Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade). All rights reserved.

Aqueous plant extracts contain nutrients and physiologically active substances that affect plant growth and development. they are easy to prepare and apply, and many aqueous extracts have fungicidal action and repellent action on pests. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of the application of aqueous extracts of banana and nettle with comfrey on plant weight and weight of 1000 grains in three soybean cultivars. In both years of research, aqueous extracts of banana and nettle with comfrey statistically significantly increased the weight of plants and the weight of 1000 soybeans.

Red clover is an important perennial forage legume and a rich source of highly nutritional voluminous forage for livestock feed, which is continuously improved by plant breeding efforts that rely significantly on trait correlation studies. A two-year field trial was conducted at Rimski Šančevi, Novi Sad, Serbia. The aim of this research was to assess correlations of important morpho-agronomic traits and forage quality properties of 46 red clover accessions of diverse origins. The highest Spearman’s correlation coefficient (0.97, p<0.01) was found between the branch number and internode number per stem in the first experimental year. The green mass yield and the dry matter yield in both years had very high (0.95, p<0.01) and high (0.86, p<0.01) correlations, respectively. The stem height and internode number per stem had intermediate correlations in both years (0.68, p<0.01, and 0.50, p<0.01, respectively), and stem height exhibited an intermediate correlation with green mass yield (0.57, p<0.01, and 0.62, p<0.01, respectively) and dry matter yield (0.60, p<0.01, and 0.56, p <0.01, respectively) in both years. Thus, the indirect selection for higher plants with higher numbers of internodes per stem may contribute to accomplishing higher yield performance per plant. Although the branch number showed the highest positive correlation (p<0.01) with internode number per stem and an intermediate positive correlation (p<0.01) with stem height, this trait had a low correlation with green mass yield and dry matter yield and cannot be used as a criterion for indirect selection., Crvena detelina je važna višegodišnja krmna leguminoza koja predstavlja bogat izvor visoko nutritivne voluminozne krme za stočnu hranu, koja se kontinuirano poboljšava oplemenjivanjem. Dvogodišnji poljski ogled je bio postavljen na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi u Novom Sadu, u Srbiji. Cij ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrde korelacije unutar i između važnih morfološkoagronomskih osobina i pokazatelja kvaliteta krme za 46 varijeteta crvene deteline. Najviša visoko značajna vrednost za Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije (0,97, p˂0,01) utvrđena je između broja grana i broja internodija po stabljici u prvoj eksperimentalnoj godini. Prinos zelene mase i prinos suve materije su bili u značajnoj veoma jakoj (0,95, p˂0,01) korelaciji u prvoj godini, a jakoj (0,86, p˂0,01) korelaciji u drugoj godini istraživanja. Visina stabljike i broj internodija po stabljici su bili u umerenoj, pozitivnoj, značajnoj korelaciji u obe godine (0,68, p<0,05, odnosno 0,50, p<0,05). Visina stabljike je ostvarila umerenu, pozitivnu, značajnu korelaciju sa prinosom zelene mase (0,57, p<0,05, odnosno 0,62, p<0,05) i prinosom suve materije (0,60, p<0,05, odnosno 0,56, p<0,05) u obe godine. Indirektna selekcija na nivou biljke sa većim brojem internodija po stabljici može doprineti postizanju većeg prinosa po biljci. Iako je broj grana pokazao najveću, pozitivnu, značajnu korelaciju sa brojem internodija po stabljici i umerenu, pozitivnu značajnu korelaciju sa visinom biljke, broj grana je imao nisku korelaciju sa prinosom zelene mase i prinosom suve materije, i ne može služiti za indirektnu selekciju.

Najznačajnije krmne biljke koje se gaje na oranicama Srbije su lucerka, crvena detelina, stočni grašak, grahorica, krmni sirak i sudanska trava. Površine na kojima se gaje oranične krmne biljke iznose oko 235.000 ha, što predstavlja oko 9% obradivog zemljišta Srbije (SGRS, 2021). Dominantan način iskorišćavanja krmnih biljaka u Srbiji je proizvodnja kabaste stočne hrane (zelena krma, seno, senaža i silaža) sa izuzetkom proteinskog graška koji se koristi za proizvodnju zrna (Karagić i sar., 2012). Osim direktne koristi za proizvodnju stočne hrane, gajenje NS sorti krmnog bilja, naročito krmnih leguminoza, pozitivno utiče na veći broj činilaca poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Uključivanjem krmnih biljaka u strukturu setve smanjuje se ili u potpunosti izostavlja primena mineralnih đubriva i pesticida, što omogućava proizvodnju zdravstveno-bezbedne stočne hrane. Većim učešćem krmnih biljaka u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji omogućava se potrebna plodosmena i povećava efikasnost iskorišćavanja mehanizacije i zemljišta.

Saglasno trendovima održive i organske poljoprivrede u proizvodnji zdravstveno-bezbedne stočne hrane, noviji pravci u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline imaju za cilj stvaranje dugovečnijih sorti, poboljšanog kvaliteta. Istovremeno brojni su primeri alternativnog korišćenja crvene deteline u proizvodnji funkcionalne hrane bogate izoflavonima. Rizomska forma podzemnog stabla nije svojstvena crvenoj detelini, međutim neke srodne vrste (Trifolium medium) poseduju takvu formu. Kulturom embriona u skorije vreme je dobijen (Jakešova et al, 2011, 2014) i komercijalizovan prvi hibrid između Treifolium pretense i Trifolium medium, pod nazivom „Pramedi“ sa rizomskom formom podzemnog stabla čime je pre svega povećana perzistentnost.