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Introduction Metropolises, along with internal transformation and structural changes, produce new spatial forms and processes that, although seemingly different, have essentially the same logic of formation. This spatial logic is based on a chain of "exclusion" and "integration" processes that is the result of the functions of these structural transformations. This dual process is the main mechanism of spatial development of metropolises. In Iran, there are metropolises that have faced with the problem of the growth of cities and settlements. The rapid growth of urban population, the growing trend of land use and unbalanced location of settlements make the need for management and planning for sustainable development. Today, Tehran, as a national metropolis, has faced with a large number of settlements around it. This study aims to find out what has the role of influential forces in urban land policies and consequently Damavand urban growth been. Therefore, in order to answer this question, it has explained the growth pattern of the city above as a city in the east around the metropolis of Tehran with emphasis on urban land policies. Methodology The current research is consistent with the descriptive-analytical method and is considered as an applied research. In this research, the method of receiving information is in the field of library-documentation. The statistical population of this study is the city of Damavand since the way of growth and growth pattern of this city have been considered in this research. First, the government policies in the field of land use in Damavand city are explained, then the trend of changes in the structure of Damavand city in the period 1366-1366 using the automatic cell model is analyzed and finally, the physical growth trends of the city in the period 1396-1410 has been stimulated. Results and Discussion Damavand city is generally one of the summer areas around Tehran and is located in the foothills of Damavand mountains. Due to its geographical location and summer, as well as being located on the main road Tehran-Firoozkooh-Mazandaran in recent years, especially in the part of Gilavand ،Damavand city has developed significantly. The results of the study show that the city of Damavand in the early years of urban growth (1987) had an irregular and scattered pattern. Continuation of urban growth until 2003 has not been able to make much change in its urban growth pattern and urban growth is still scattered and irregular. But urban growth in the years 1382-1382 has experienced a different aspect. Urban growth in these years has not only happened very fast, but also in certain directions and has been more regular. This growth is mostly on the northwest and southeast sides and has been along the Tehran road. The more interesting point in the urban growth of Damavand in the years between 1382-1386 is that the southwest side has had faster urban growth; in this part of the city lie Mehr housing lands, so under the influence of government policies, urban growth towards the capital has occurred. Conclusion The study of urban growth patterns in many developing countries according to the specific socio-economic conditions of countries shows that scientific management and planning should be based on a proper understanding of the spatio-temporal processes of urban growth. The city of Tehran, as the most important city in the country since the beginning of the new era, affected the surrounding settlements and these settlements were directly and indirectly affected by the physical-economic and social changes in Tehran; especially since the 1350s, Tehran's continuous development has given way to separate development and access to surrounding settlements. In general, it can be concluded that urban land policies have been one of the most important factors in the formation of Damavand urban growth patterns, in other words, government forces through the development of rules and regulations, the preparation of urban development plans, assignment of land and housing in the form of preparation plans show their roles in the formation of urban growth patterns in Damavand.

Aims & Backgrounds: The prominence of Resilient Cities theory, presented in the joint chapter of Urban Planning and Disaster Management Knowledge, is a future-oriented approach to comprehensively look at all elements of community survival alongside a set of critical and controlling factors, especially human factors. Along this path, mathematical modeling enables the relevance and impact of components as well as the monitoring of the resilience foresight process. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the existing resilience, determine the main factors and their effectiveness in promoting resilience of Isfahan metropolitan area by modeling. Methodology: The general method of research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose, it is infrastructural and applied. To determine the dimensions and indices of measurement, and to further evaluate the resilience, 50 experts were interviewed using Delphi method and then data were analyzed using SPSS software and R programming, and results were presented in the form of "Multivariate Regression Model. which was applied for six dimensions of resilience and the whole city. Findings: Surveys show high and direct correlation between indicators of “social”, “cultural”, “physical-spatial”, “natural environment”, “economic” and “institutional-legal” resilience, based on correlation analysis. Isfahan metropolitan resilience of 2.87, in the range of five levels, is almost average. Conclusion: The highest level of cultural resilience occurred at 3.08 and the lowest at 2.56 in the economic domain. Therefore, the first priority of planning resilience upgrades in terms of quantity is the "economic" domain and also the "institutional-legal" dimension of 0.200 given the level of effectiveness in the "Resilience Upgrading Regression Model", and the last priority in these two observation is chr('39')cultural dimensionchr('39') with respect to quantity and chr('39')natural environmentchr('39') with an impact factor of 0.147.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, the therapeutic approach still has limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) has been established as an early driver of several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In AD, increased levels of reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, and nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, and inflammation. Thus, the identification of novel antioxidant molecules capable of detecting, preventing, and counteracting AD onset and progression is of the utmost importance. However, although several studies have been published, comprehensive and up-to-date overviews of the principal anti-AD agents harboring antioxidant properties remain scarce. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, and carotenoids as non-enzymatic antioxidants with AD diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential, thereby offering insights into the relationship between OS and neurodegeneration.

Background: Tetanus infection remains a significant complication of wounds. Because most tetanus treatment guidelines rely on anamnestic data collected directly from patients, the congruence between anamnesis and laboratory evidence must be verified, especially in the elderly population.Aim: Assess, in both the geriatric population (>65) and the non-geriatric one, the reliability of anamnestic data for managing patients with tetanus-risk wounds, identified categories of populations most exposed to non-vaccination coverage, and assessed the agreement of the Tetanos Quick Stick (TQS) results with the therapy performed (administration of tetanus vaccine or immunoglobulin).Methods: In this retrospective single-center observational study, patients were asked their immunization status against tetanus vaccination. The decision to administer a vaccine or immunoglobulin was therefore clinical and based on anamnestic criteria. The TQS test was then given to patients who were unaware of their immunity status. Patients who thought they knew it but were not sure were given the TQS test to determine whether the anamnestic collection was supported by the test. The TQS test results were compared with the anamnestic data.Results: Most patients, geriatric and not geriatric, did not know their immune status. Among those who reported knowing their immune status, there was no agreement between the vaccine coverage declared by patients and the TQS test results (p < 0.001), mainly in geriatric patients but also in the control group. Elderly and women had significantly lower positive TQS test results (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant discrepancy (p < 0.001) between the therapy based on anamnestic data and the TQS test results.Conclusion: The reliability of anamnestic data for the management of patients with tetanus-risk wounds is low and decreases with age, becoming minimal in geriatric patients. Elderly and women are less likely to have an effective vaccination status against tetanus.

Hyperthermia is an internal body temperature increase above 40.5 °C; normally internal body temperature is kept constant through natural homeostatic mechanisms. Heat-related illnesses occur due to exposure to high environmental temperatures in conditions in which an organism is unable to maintain adequate homeostasis. This can happen, for example, when the organism is unable to dissipate heat adequately. Heat dissipation occurs through evaporation, conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat disease exhibits a continuum of signs and symptoms ranging from minor to major clinical pictures. Minor clinical pictures include cramps, syncope, edema, tetany, and exhaustion. Major clinical pictures include heatstroke and life-threatening heat stroke and typically are expressed in the presence of an extremely high body temperature. There are also some categories of people at greater risk of developing these diseases, due to exposure in particular geographic areas (e.g., hot humid environments), to unchangeable predisposing conditions (e.g., advanced age, young age (i.e., children), diabetes, skin disease with reduced sweating), to modifiable risk factors (e.g., alcoholism, excessive exercise, infections), to partially modifiable risk factors (obesity), to certain types of professional activity (e.g., athletes, military personnel, and outdoor laborers) or to the effects of drug treatment (e.g., beta-blockers, anticholinergics, diuretics). Heat-related illness is largely preventable.

El artículo propone un debate teórico acerca de las categorías de contradicción y antagonismo, en el marco de la teoría de la hegemonía, evaluando su vigor y actualidad para el análisis contemporáneo del populismo. En ese camino, pondremos en cuestión las críticas de Laclau al marxismo, particularmente en relación con la categoría de contradicción, con el fin de replantear su vigencia y articularla con distintas herramientas teóricas provenientes del pensamiento laclausiano para el análisis de la hegemonía, observando la dinámica del antagonismo y la constitución identitaria de sujeto. Algunas de las preguntas que emergen son las siguientes. ¿Cómo profundizar en el análisis de las lógicas instituyentes de lo político sin perder de vista la gravitación de los factores económico-estructurales? ¿Cuáles son las relaciones entre el pueblo y las clases sociales? ¿Cómo re-articular los aportes del pensamiento de Laclau en el marco de la teoría gramsciana de la hegemonía?

One of the new approaches to urban land Service, Obtained from the combination of smart city development and urban sustainability, is the transfer of development right. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the areas for sending and receiving development rights, as well as identifying areas with high potential for development and Identifying Key Effective in the pattern of TDR. Statistical population of the study Is Yasuj city and around. To analyze data And weighing the research indicators used from the GRA model and the Arc GIS software, and to design the final research maps of the IDRISI Selva software and identify the key drivers of the cross-impact analysis method model. Based on the pattern of transfer of development right, the areas of Yasuj city were divided into sending and receiving development rights. The results of the research show that in the areas of sending, the parameter of historical buildings and valuable textures with the weight of /07246 are rankd first. The participation of citizens and agricultural lands, gardens and important forests with the weight of /06279 and 0/5403 are in the second and third ranks. In the receiving regions, the participation parameter with a weight of 9471 and a tendency to increase density and construction with a second score of /03241 are in the second priority. According to the results of the research, regions 2 and 3 have a very high potential for the send development of development right, and area 4 has a very high potential for receive development right. Finally, the results of applying the cross-impact analysis method indicated that four key drivers, including indicators of the tendency to increase congestion and construction, having access to the road network, works and historical buildings and valuable texture, agricultural land, gardens Important forests among the 15 identified factors, as well as the participation index, legal and legal guarantees, the existence of a structure and an integrated administrative organization as regulators of the factors affecting and influencing the highest severity in the identification and development of supply Land has Yasuj urban services. Therefore, these propellants should be used as the main pillars

Objective: The horizontal expansion of cities in the country over the past few decades has been challenged by the destruction of a large area of agricultural land and natural capital of cities to achieve a sustainable form of urban development. The infill development theory, which is the ten principles of smart growth, is consistent with the goals of development. According to this approach, inefficient and inefficient lands are recognized as a mechanism for realizing the infill development policies of the city. Therefore, if it occurs in a dispersed biological environment, that is, an excess of physical, residential, occupied or suburban needs, it can be concluded that in the city spaces are abandoned, abandoned and inefficient. Planning to use these components is important. Methods:.spaces are abandoned, abandoned and inefficient. Planning to use these components is important. In this research, the study of the status of urban areas of Shahin-Shahr in terms of development, with emphasis on housing characteristics and related indicators, is the level of enjoyment. In order to investigate the relationship between variables, AMOS software and structural equation analysis Results: were used to show that urban development plans and future housing in all aspects of environmental, economic, social, physical, except factor access The main development is the city's physical form. Then we used the Antropi and VIKOR techniques for weighing and ranking the areas. Conclusion: The results of the technique showed that the urban areas were ranked in the first rank according to the research indicators and in terms of infill development, Ferdosi district and Goldis child district.

An increasing body of evidence in the literature is reporting the feasibility of using medical ozone as a possible alternative and adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 patients, significantly reducing hospitalization time, pro-inflammatory indicators, and coagulation markers and improving blood oxygenation parameters. In addition to the well-described ability of medical ozone in counteracting oxidative stress through the upregulation of the main anti-oxidant and scavenging enzymes, oxygen–ozone (O2–O3) therapy has also proved effective in reducing chronic inflammation and the occurrence of immune thrombosis, two key players involved in COVID-19 exacerbation and severity. As chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are also reported to be among the main drivers of the long sequelae of SARS-CoV2 infection, a rising number of studies is investigating the potential of O2–O3 therapy to reduce and/or prevent the wide range of post-COVID (or PASC)-related disorders. This narrative review aims to describe the molecular mechanisms through which medical ozone acts, to summarize the clinical evidence on the use of O2–O3 therapy as an alternative and adjuvant COVID-19 treatment, and to discuss the emerging potential of this approach in the context of PASC symptoms, thus offering new insights into effective and safe nonantiviral therapies for the fighting of this devastating pandemic.

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel the complex and interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates have been high, and no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD is a rapidly expanding field of research aimed at anticipating disease diagnosis and following disease progression over time. Currently, Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are the best-studied fluid biomarkers for AD, but the need for novel, cheap, less-invasive, easily detectable, and more-accessible markers has recently led to the search for new blood-based molecules. However, despite considerable research activity, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main blood-based biomarker candidates is still lacking. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of proteins, lipids, metabolites, oxidative-stress-related molecules, and cytokines as possible disease biomarkers. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the emerging miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as diagnostic tools, and we briefly present the role of vitamins and gut-microbiome-related molecules as novel candidates for AD detection and monitoring, thus offering new insights into the diagnosis and progression of this devastating disease.

El artículo analiza el circuito productivo sojero, abordando sus dinámicas socio-económicas y territoriales, como parte de un subsistema de agronegocios más amplio. Asimismo, a partir de comprender dichos anclajes estructurales, se analiza el conflicto agrario de 2008 caracterizándolo como un hito en tanto estableció un punto de inflexión en la Argentina post-convertibilidad. Para ello, se propone un marco teórico-metodológico que recupera conceptos del enfoque de análisis regional y de la tradición marxista, conformando una mirada holística y relacional que hace foco en los procesos productivos y en la dinámica del conflicto, delineando un análisis de relaciones de fuerzas.

El artículo se propone analizar la política exterior de los gobiernos kirchneristas en vinculación a las dinámicas más generales de la construcción de hegemonía a nivel Estado y del régimen de acumulación de capital. En este camino, observamos la conformación del proyecto político-económico, con un componente clave en el discurso presidencial en tanto base ideológica que constituye una lectura común del pasado y del futuro a construir, observando la interrelación de la escala nacional con la internacional en el debate por un nuevo orden global. Allí, indagamos el rol que cumple el proceso de integración regional, a partir de la caracterización de la guerra de posiciones que atraviesa el continente en el naciente siglo XXI. Con esta propuesta, emprendemos un análisis de las relaciones de fuerzas internacionales que nos permita enmarcar y comprender diversos hitos de la política exterior e interior del kirchnerismo entre 2003 y 2015, donde las categorías de autonomía, pueblo, nación y neo-desarrollismo se ligan a las de regionalización, multilateralismo y multipolaridad, en una lectura que articula múltiples dimensiones y escalas.

Dysbarism is a general term which includes the signs and symptoms that can manifest when the body is subject to an increase or a decrease in the atmospheric pressure which occurs either at a rate or duration exceeding the capacity of the body to adapt safely. In the following review, we take dysbarisms into account for our analysis. Starting from the underlying physical laws, we will deal with the pathologies that can develop in the most frequently affected areas of the body, as the atmospheric pressure varies when acclimatization fails. Manifestations of dysbarism range from itching and minor pain to neurological symptoms, cardiac collapse, and death. Overall, four clinical pictures can occur: decompression illness, barotrauma, inert gas narcosis, and oxygen toxicity. We will then review the clinical manifestations and illustrate some hints of therapy. We will first introduce the two forms of decompression sickness. In the next part, we will review the barotrauma, compression, and decompression. The last three parts will be dedicated to gas embolism, inert gas narcosis, and oxygen toxicity. Such an approach is critical for the effective treatment of patients in a hostile environment, or treatment in the emergency room after exposure to extreme physical or environmental factors.

With the rapid increase in world population it is observed that most of this population is concentrated in cities. Nowadays about half of the worldchr('39')s population live in cities and it is estimated that from 2.2 billion people that will be added to earth’s population in the next 30 years, 2.1 billion will be living in cities. And 2 billion of these people are expected to be born in developing countries (UNDP Annual Report, 2003), which is one of the most significant security issues. So understanding passive defense and the factors that shape it have a strong impact on the security of the country and minimizing the potential damages to the country. Since our country Iran has unique political circumstances and geographical location, in the last three decades it has always been threatened from different aspects which shows the importance of passive defense in urban planning of different cities. Among the outstanding issues that are important in passive defense and crisis management is the location of strategic or vulnerable facilities. The aim of this research is to achieve recognition of applications that could be affected in times of crisis and to identify criteria of user location affected in times of crisis from the perspective of spatial-physical indicators (effective in positioning applications) for preparation and development of projects based on rules and regulations, and this has been done for the city of Sabzevar. Therefore, the literature and concepts related to passive defense, crisis management and mapping applications are analyzed, and then the appropriate definition of vulnerable facilities has been presented, as well as guidelines for locating these types of applications for protection in the time of crisis. The next step is to review the documents and maps of Sabzevar to prioritize the indicators identified by order of importance. At the end with the help of AHP-GIS method optimized sites have been identified for these centers. The results suggest that, given the circumstances and characteristics of Sabzevar compatibility standards, comfort, performance, utility, health and safety standards in locating vulnerable facilities are the most important.

Hyper IgM1 is an X‐linked combined immunodeficiency caused by CD40LG mutations, potentially treatable with CD4+ T‐cell gene editing with Cas9 and a "one‐size‐fits‐most" corrective template. Contrary to established gene therapies, there is limited data on the genomic alterations following long‐range gene editing, and no consensus on the relevant assays. We developed drop‐off digital PCR assays for unbiased detection of large on‐target deletions and found them at high frequency upon editing. Large deletions were also common upon editing different loci and cell types and using alternative Cas9 and template delivery methods. In CD40LG edited T cells, on‐target deletions were counter‐selected in culture and further purged by enrichment for edited cells using a selector coupled to gene correction. We then validated the sensitivity of optical genome mapping for unbiased detection of genome wide rearrangements and uncovered on‐target trapping of one or more vector copies, which do not compromise functionality, upon editing using an integrase defective lentiviral donor template. No other recurring events were detected. Edited patient cells showed faithful reconstitution of CD40LG regulated expression and function with a satisfactory safety profile. Large deletions and donor template integrations should be anticipated and accounted for when designing and testing similar gene editing strategies. Synopsis: Long range gene editing by homology‐driven recombination with Cas9 and a donor template can faithfully reconstitute gene regulation from the native locus. The current study shows that such gene editing approaches can result in heterogeneous by‐stander genomic outcomes that are difficult to assess. Large deletions are common, can be assessed by droplet digital PCR, and may be counter selected in culture and purged by selection of edited cells.Optical genome mapping can detect structural rearrangements with high sensitivity.Donor integrase‐defective lentiviral templates can be integrated on‐target in multiple copies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]