1,098 results on '"Vaginal Wall"'
Search Results
52. Vagina
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Zaspel, Uta, Hamm, Bernd, Hamm, Bernd, editor, and Forstner, Rosemarie, editor
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- 2007
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53. Genitoplasty for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
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Farkas, Amicur, Lumley, J. S. P., editor, Siewert, J. R., editor, Puri, Prem, editor, and Höllwarth, Michael E., editor
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- 2006
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54. Anterior Compartment
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Deng, Donna Y., Rutman, Matthew P., Rodriguez, Larissa V., Raz, Shlomo, Zimmern, Philippe E., editor, Norton, Peggy A., editor, Haab, François, editor, and Chapple, Christopher C. R., editor
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- 2006
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55. Enterocele and Rectocele/Perineorrhaphy
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Sirls, Larry T., Rutman, Matthew P., Zimmern, Philippe E., editor, Norton, Peggy A., editor, Haab, François, editor, and Chapple, Christopher C. R., editor
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- 2006
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56. Transvaginal Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence Owing to Urethral Hypermobility
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Poon, Christina, Zimmern, Philippe E., Zimmern, Philippe E., editor, Norton, Peggy A., editor, Haab, François, editor, and Chapple, Christopher C. R., editor
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- 2006
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57. Vaginal Anatomy for the Pelvic Surgeon
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Moore, Courtenay, Daneshgari, Firouz, Zimmern, Philippe E., editor, Norton, Peggy A., editor, Haab, François, editor, and Chapple, Christopher C. R., editor
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- 2006
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58. Other Therapies for Stress Urinary Incontinence
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Frenkl, Tara L., Vasavada, Sandip P., Davila, G. Willy, editor, Ghoniem, Gamal M., editor, and Wexner, Steven D., editor
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- 2006
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59. Laparoscopic Surgery for Urodynamic Stress Incontinence
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Paraiso, Marie Fidela R., Davila, G. Willy, editor, Ghoniem, Gamal M., editor, and Wexner, Steven D., editor
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- 2006
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60. 'Kabadi’s Stitch': A Novel Reversible, Conservative Method of Treating Utero-Vaginal Prolapse by Cervico-Vaginal Fixation to Immobilize the Prolapse in Elderly, Surgically Unfit Women
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Yogindrakumar M. Kabadi
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Instrumentation and Techniques ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Uterus ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Vaginal wall ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,In utero ,Colpocleisis ,medicine ,business ,Cervix ,Fixation (histology) - Abstract
"Kabadi's stitch" is a novel, reversible, conservative method of treating utero-vaginal prolapse by cervico-vaginal fixation to immobilize the prolapse in elderly, surgically unfit women. For a long time, vaginal constriction by introital stitch or vaginal wall approximation has been practiced as a conservative method. Unlike colpocleisis, this novel method has the advantage of accessibility of cervix and uterus and more so reversible and very simple to perform.
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- 2021
61. Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse Repair and the Rise and Fall of Transvaginal Mesh. Did We Come Full Circle? A Historical Perspective
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Michael J. Consolo, Angelo E. Gousse, and Kirin K. Syed
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Anterior wall ,Class iii ,History, 21st Century ,Vaginal wall ,Pelvic Organ Prolapse ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Anterior vaginal wall prolapse ,Pelvic surgery ,Pelvic organ ,business.industry ,Treatment options ,History, 20th Century ,Surgical Mesh ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Native tissue ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objective To present a brief historical review of treatment options for pelvic organ prolapse with a focus on anterior vaginal wall defects and highlight changing practice patterns in the era of synthetic mesh controversy. Methods A MEDLINE and PubMed search was performed using the keywords pelvic organ prolapse, anterior colporrhaphy, and cystocele followed by a manual search of bibliographies. Results Ancient treatments included Hippocratic succession, local astringent, and use of pomegranates as crude pessaries. More sophisticated surgical techniques evolved in the 19th century with further refinement in the early 20th century. Numerous native tissue apposition techniques were popularized by Kelly, Kennedy, Burch, and Raz. Due to poor durability, surgeons sought alternate approaches including biologic and synthetic grafts. Synthetic transvaginal mesh (TVM) initially included use of Tantalum and Marlex to repair anterior wall defects. Both were eventually abandoned due to complications. TVM was re-designed, re-marketed, and re-introduced. Type 1 polypropylene monofilament TVM use became ubiquitous in female pelvic surgery peaking between 2004 and 2008. Initial promising outcomes were soon eclipsed by a surge of adverse events leading to multiple FDA warnings, reclassification to Class III, high-risk medical device, and ultimately a complete recall in 2019. Conclusion The bidirectional pendulum swing on use of synthetic TVM has been occurring since its introduction 50 years ago. In the current era of mesh controversy, more practitioners are now revisiting previously described native tissue and biologic graft techniques. It appears that history has repeated itself.
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- 2021
62. Post-cystectomy Enterocele: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
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Raju R. Chelluri, Parvati Ramchandani, Thomas J. Guzzo, Ariana L. Smith, and Alan Paniagua Cruz
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Bladder cancer ,Pelvic floor ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Muscle invasive ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Surgery ,body regions ,Cystectomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Medicine ,business ,Complication ,Vaginal Vault Prolapse - Abstract
Objective To present a case series and literature review on post radical cystectomy (RC) pelvic organ prolapse (POP) to heighten awareness of the symptoms, imaging findings, and risk factors associated with this complication and discuss opportunities for prevention. Women with muscle invasive bladder cancer undergo RC with anterior exenteration, significantly disrupting the pelvic floor. These women are at risk for POP. Methods We present 4 cases of high-grade POP in women who underwent RC for bladder cancer. We reviewed the literature by conducting a Boolean search in PubMed with the terms “(“radical cystectomy”) AND (“enterocele” OR “pelvic organ prolapse” OR “rectocele” OR “vaginal vault prolapse”).” Results All 4 women reported a bulge sensation in the vagina and physical exam confirmed POP. Three had radiographic findings consistent with high-grade enterocele at rest. Three experienced prolonged intra-abdominal pressure rise post-RC that may have further weakened pelvic floor support, while the fourth had a history of surgery for high-grade POP. Nine articles on POP following RC were identified. Four focused on treatment and 3 focused on prevention. Conclusion Administration of a single validated question would have identified all 4 cases of postoperative enterocele and is sensitive to detect most women who are experiencing POP. Attention to the pelvic floor on cross-sectional imaging with identification of features that indicate POP, such as herniation of intestinal contents below the pubo-coccygeal line, will identify and/or confirm high-grade enterocele. Familiarity with risk factors for POP and identification of weakened vaginal wall support opens up the opportunity for prevention.
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- 2021
63. Structural failure sites in posterior vaginal wall prolapse: stress 3D MRI-based analysis
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Luyun Chen, Mary E. Duarte Thibault, John O.L. DeLancey, Dee E. Fenner, James A. Ashton-Miller, and Bing Xie
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Posterior vaginal wall prolapse ,Urology ,Structural failure ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Vaginal wall ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Posterior wall ,Uterine Prolapse ,medicine ,Humans ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Rectocele ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Pelvic Floor ,Anatomy ,Stepwise regression ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Posterior fornix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Levator ani ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
The objective was to identify structural failure sites in rectocele by comparing women with and those without posterior vaginal wall prolapse and accessing their relative contribution to rectocele size based on stress MRI-based measurements. We studied three-dimensional stress MRI at maximal Valsalva of 25 women with (cases) and 25 without (controls) posterior vaginal prolapse of similar age and parity. Vaginal wall factors (posterior wall length and width); attachment factors (paravaginal posterior wall location, posterior fornix height, and perineal height); and hiatal factors (hiatal size and levator ani defects) were measured using Slicer 4.3.0® and a custom Python program. Stepwise linear regression was used to assess the relative contribution of all factors to the posterior prolapse size. We identified three primary factors with large effect sizes of 2 or greater: two attachment factors—posterior paravaginal descent and perineal height; and one hiatal factor—genital hiatus size. These were the strongest predictors of the presence and size of rectocele, the most common failure sites, found in 60–76% of cases; and highly correlated with one another (r = 0.72–0.84, p
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- 2021
64. Resultados de ressonância magnética de médio a longo prazos de duas cirurgias de prolapso por defeito apical: Uma análise secundária de um ensaio clínico randomizado
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Sergio Dertkigil, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito, Luiz Carlos Santos Junior, Cássia Raquel Teatin Juliato, and Edilson Benedito de Castro
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medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Cross-sectional study ,030232 urology & nephrology ,cross-sectional studies ,Physical examination ,estudos transversais ,Vaginal wall ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,Postoperative Complications ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Secondary analysis ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,magnetic resonance imaging ,Aged ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,Middle Aged ,pelvic organ prolapse ,ressonância magnética ,Surgery ,Levator ani ,Treatment Outcome ,ROC Curve ,RG1-991 ,Female ,business ,prolapso dos órgãos pélvicos - Abstract
Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been considered another tool for use during the pre- and postoperative periods of the management of pelvic-organ prolapse (POP). However, there is little consensus regarding its practical use for POP and the association betweenMRI lines of reference and physical examination.We aimedto evaluate the mid- to long-term results of two surgical techniques for apical prolapse. Methods In total, 40 women with apical POP randomized from 2014 to 2016 underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC group; n = 20) or bilateral vaginal sacrospinous fixation with an anterior mesh (VSF-AM group; n = 20). A physical examination using the POP Quantification System (POP-Q) for staging (objective cure) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS: subjective cure), were applied and analyzed before and one year after surgery respectively. All MRI variables (pubococcigeous line [PCL], bladder base [BB], anorectal junction [ARJ], and the estimated levator ani subtended volume [eLASV]) were investigated one year after surgery. Significance was established at p < 0.05. Results After a mean 27-month follow-up, according to the MRI criteria, 60% of the women were cured in the VSF-AM group versus 45% in ASC group (p= 0.52). The POP-Q and objective cure rates by MRI were correlated in the anterior vaginal wall (p= 0.007), but no correlationwas foundwith the subjective cure. The eLASVwas largeramongthe patients with surgical failure, and a cutoff of ≥ 33.5mm3 was associated with postoperative failure (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [ROC]: 0.813; p= 0.002). Conclusion Both surgeries for prolapse were similar regarding theobjective variables (POP-Q measurements and MRI cure rates). Larger eLASV areas were associated with surgical failure. Resumo Objetivo A ressonância magnética (RM) tem sido considerada uma outra ferramenta para uso pré e pós-operatório em casos de prolapso de órgãos pélvicos. Contudo, pouco consenso existe sobre a sua prática para prolapso e a associação entre as linhas de referência da RM e o exame físico. Nós objetivamos avaliar resultados de médio a longo prazo de duas técnicas cirúrgicas para prolapso apical. Métodos Um total de 40mulheres com prolapso apical foramsubmetidas entre 2014 a 2016 a sacrocolpopexia abdominal (grupo SCA; n = 20) ou fixação bilateral vaginal no ligamento sacroespinhoso com tela anterior (grupo FVLS-TA; n = 20). Os exames físicos comestadiamento usando o Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP-Q: cura objetiva), e o International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS: cura subjetiva) foram analisados antes e depois de um ano da cirurgia, respectivamente. O exame de RM (linha pubococcígea [LPC], base vesical [BV], junção anorretal [JAR] e o volume subtendido estimado do levantador do ânus [VSELA]) foi realizado um ano antes da cirurgia. Estabeleceu-se o nível de significância em 5%. Resultados Depois de uma média de 27 meses de seguimento, de acordo com a RM, 60% das mulheres foram curadas no grupo FVLS-TA versus 45% no grupo SCA (p = 0.52). As curas objetivas associadas ao POP-Q e à RM foram correlacionadas na parede vaginal anterior (p = 0.007), mas nenhuma correlação foi encontrada com a cura subjetiva. O VSELA foi maior entre as pacientes com fracasso da cirurgia, e um ponto de corte de ≥ 33.5mm3 esteve associado ao fracasso da cirurgia (area sob a curva característica de operação do receptor [COR]: 0.813; p = 0.002). Conclusão Ambas as cirurgias para o prolapso foram similares nas curas objetivas tanto pelo POP-Q quanto pela RM. Áreas maiores de VSELA estiveramassociadas como fracasso das cirurgias.
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- 2021
65. Design of an Optical Probe to Monitor Vaginal Hemodynamics during Sexual Arousal
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Hyeryun Jeong, Myeongsu Seong, Hyun-Suk Lee, Kwangsung Park, Sucbei Moon, and Jae Gwan Kim
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female sexual dysfunction ,apomorphine ,hemodynamics ,vaginal wall ,sexual arousal ,temperature ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
An optical probe was developed to measure the change of oxy-hemoglobin (OHb), deoxy- hemoglobin (RHb), and total hemoglobin (THb) along with temperature from the vaginal wall of female rats. Apomorphine (APO, 80 μg/kg) was administered to elicit sexual arousal in female Sprague Dawley rats (SD, 180−200 g). The behavior changes caused by APO administration were checked before monitoring vaginal responses. The changes of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentration and the temperature from the vaginal wall were monitored before, during, and after APO administration. Animals were under anesthesia during the measurement. After APO administration, the concentration of OHb (55 ± 29 μM/DPF), RHb (33 ± 25 μM/DPF), and THb (83 ± 59 μM/DPF) in the vaginal wall increased in a few min, while saline administration did not cause any significant change. In case of the vaginal temperature change, APO decreased the temperature slightly in the vaginal wall while saline administration did not show any temperature change in the vaginal wall. As the outcomes demonstrated, the developed probe can detect hemodynamic and temperature variation in the vaginal wall. The hemodynamic information acquired by the probe can be utilized to establish an objective and accurate standard of female sexual disorders.
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- 2019
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66. Functional Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor
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DeLancey, J. O. L., Baert, A. L., editor, Sartor, K., editor, Bartram, Clive I., editor, and DeLancey, John O. L., editor
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- 2003
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67. Urethral Fistulas and Diverticula
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Lee, Raymond A., Drutz, H. P., editor, Herschorn, S., editor, and Diamant, N. E., editor
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- 2003
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68. Buttress Procedures and Tension-free Slings for the Treatment of Prolapse and Stress Incontinence
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Jabs, Corrine F. I., Drutz, Harold P., Currie, Ian, Drutz, H. P., editor, Herschorn, S., editor, and Diamant, N. E., editor
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- 2003
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69. Supportive Devices
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Flood, Cathy, Hanson, Lesley-Ann, Drutz, H. P., editor, Herschorn, S., editor, and Diamant, N. E., editor
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- 2003
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70. Anterior Compartment
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Walshe, Christopher J., Wall, Lewis, Stanton, Stuart L., editor, and Zimmern, Philippe E., editor
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- 2003
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71. Tension-free Vaginal Tape
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Ulmsten, Ulf, Stanton, Stuart L., editor, and Zimmern, Philippe E., editor
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- 2003
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72. Urinary Incontinence
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Stanton, Stuart L., Zimmern, Philippe E., Stanton, Stuart L., editor, and Zimmern, Philippe E., editor
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- 2003
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73. Enterocele Repair
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Broome, Jonathan-David, Vancaillie, Thierry G., Timmerman, Dirk, Deprest, Jan, and Bourne, Tom
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- 2003
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74. The Use of Synthetic Materials in Pubovaginal Sling
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Choe, Jong M., Atala, Anthony, editor, and Slade, Debra, editor
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- 2003
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75. Perineal Turn over Perforator Flap: A Novel Surgical Technique for Combined Perineal and Posterior Vaginal Wall Reconstruction
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Peter Mitchell, Milind Dalal, Maria Chasapi, and Francisco S Moura
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,Perineum ,Vaginal wall ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Internal pudendal artery ,Evisceration (ophthalmology) ,business.industry ,Abdominoperineal resection ,Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ,Extralevator abdominoperineal excision ,Vaginectomy ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Fasciocutaneous ,Surgical reconstructive procedure surgery - Abstract
Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision (ELAPE) and Abdominoperineal Resection create complex perineal defects made more challenging when combined with additional resection of the posterior vaginal wall. This composite defect requires the restoration of a functional vagina, in addition to the obliteration of the large perineal dead space, a need to reduce donor site, and perineal wound morbidity. Previously described fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps for such defects are associated with long operations requiring intra-operative mobilization and are linked to post-operative complications including herniation, evisceration, flap loss, donor site morbidity and poor cosmetic outcome, amongst other issues. Herein we describe the case of a 60-year-old female patient that underwent combined ELAPE and posterior vaginectomy for anal squamous cell carcinoma. This complex defect was reconstructed using an extended version of the Perineal Turn-Over (PTO) flap based on the Internal Pudendal artery perforator.
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- 2021
76. PRIMARY PROCEDURE FOR RECTO-VESTIBULAR FISTULA IN FEMALE CHILDREN: AN EARLY EXPERIENCE AT KHYBER TEACHING HOSPITAL PESHAWAR
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Farooq Abdullah, Muhammad Uzair, Tariq Waheed, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Imran, and Hazrat Amin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Cost effectiveness ,Wound dehiscence ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fistula ,Colostomy ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Surgery ,Teaching hospital ,medicine ,Operative time ,business ,Primary procedure - Abstract
Background: Recto-vestibular fistula is the most common variant of Anorectal malformation in female children. Traditional management of this entity is a three stages procedure i.e. colostomy, PSARP, and colostomy closure. The aim of this study was to manage these patients by a primary definitive surgical procedure without colostomy and to know the procedure feasibility, cost effectiveness, complications, safety and short term functional outcome. Materials and method: Results: A total of 40 female children fulfilling inclusion criteria of the study were included. Age range was 28 days to 8 months. No mortality noted during study period. Mean operative time was 50±15 minutes. Mean Hospital stay in days was 6.65.Procedure related complications were recorded as wound infection 5(12.5%), wound dehiscence 1 (2.5%), posterior vaginal wall injury 5(12.5%).Overall parental satisfaction regarding procedure was 92.5%. Conclusion: Primary single stage procedure either by PSARP or ASARP for the correction of Rectovestibular fistula in female children of ARM was less traumatic to children, acceptable to their parents, having cost effectiveness for poor socioeconomic parents and encouraging functional outcome.
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- 2020
77. Evaluation of the effect of excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide on the condition of the vaginal wall of intact rats
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D.I. Grebeniuk, O. A. Nazarchuk, P.P. Gormash, N. I. Voloshchuk, and I. V. Taran
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Tissue homogenate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hydrogen sulfide ,Clindamycin ,Vaginal wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Clindamycin Phosphate ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Intravaginal administration ,Statistical software ,General Environmental Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Various pathological conditions can be characterized not only by a decrease or increase in basal levels of hydrogen sulfide in the serum, but also the levels of hydrogen sulfide can modulate the course of the pathological process. The impact of serum hydrogen sulfide on the condition of the intact vaginal wall of rats was evaluated in this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide on the condition of the vaginal wall of intact rats. The study was performed on 75 female Wistar rats under 1 year of age and weighing 160.0 to 200.0 grams. All animals were divided into 6 groups: control (intact rats); experimental 1 (H2S excess); experimental 2 (H2S deficiency); experimental 3 (intravaginal administration of suppositories with clindamycin); experimental 4 (H2S excess + suppositories with clindamycin); experimental 5 (H2S deficiency + suppositories with clindamycin). The levels of serum hydrogen sulfide were studied, as well as microscopic examination of the structure of the vaginal wall and determination of the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in tissue homogenate were performed. In experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 all studies were performed in dynamics – 10 minutes, 4, 8 and 24 hours after a single intravaginal administration of clindamycin phosphate. The data were processed using the statistical software package SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Under conditions of both hydrogen sulfide deficiency and excess, no statistically significant changes in TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the vaginal wall of intact rats were observed. Also, no changes in the histological structure of the wall were found. Similar data were demonstrated in experimental groups 3, 4 and 5. This picture is explained by the fact that hydrogen sulfide affects various parts of the inflammatory process, while reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. In intact tissues, in the absence of an inflammatory process, there is no point of application of hydrogen sulfide, and therefore no significant changes are observed. Thus, both excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide do not affect the condition of the vaginal wall of intact rats.
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- 2020
78. Surgical Anatomy of the Rectovaginal Space: Does a Standalone Rectovaginal Septum or Denonvilliers Fascia Exist in Women?
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Claudia Mulas Fernández, Gianluca Pellino, María García-Gausí, José V. Roig, F Martinez-Soriano, Álvaro García-Granero, Juan García-Armengol, Vicente Pla-Marti, García-Gausí, María, García-Armengol, Juan, Mulas Fernández, Claudia, Pellino, Gianluca, Roig, José V, García-Granero, Alvaro, Pla-Marti, Vicente, and Martínez-Soriano, Francisco
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Adventitia ,Pelvi ,Anatomical structures ,Dissection (medical) ,Vaginal wall ,Pelvis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surgical anatomy ,Cadaver ,medicine ,Humans ,Mesentery ,Fascia ,business.industry ,Dissection ,Rectum ,Gastroenterology ,Denonvilliers' fascia ,General Medicine ,Rectovaginal fascia ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,Rectal wall ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,business ,Human ,Fascia (architecture) - Abstract
Background Below the anterior peritoneal reflection, the anterior rectal wall and mesorectum are separated from the posterior vaginal wall by a virtual rectovaginal space. In this space, the description of a specific and independent rectovaginal septum as a female counterpart of Denonvilliers fascia has been the subject of debate over the years. Objective The aim of this study is to perform an accurate anatomical study of the rectovaginal area in a cadaveric simulation model of total mesorectal excision to evaluate the possible structures and the dissection planes contained within the rectovaginal space. Design and setting This is a cadaveric study performed at the University of Valencia. Patients The pelvises of 25 formalin-preserved female cadavers were dissected. All the included specimens were sectioned in a midsagittal plane, at the level of the middle axis of the anal canal. Main outcome measures Careful and detailed dissection was performed to visualize the anatomical structures and potential dissection planes during anterior mesorectal dissection in cadavers. Histological sections were made of the posterior vaginal wall. Results The rectovaginal space contains loose areolar tissue that allows an easy dissection plane distally. A distinct and independent rectovaginal fascia or septum is not present. The existence of 3 layers fused together in the posterior vaginal wall can be identified more or less precisely because of their different coloration. The histological study confirms this macroscopic arrangement of the posterior vaginal wall in 3 layers: the mucosa, the muscular, and the adventitia. An independent rectovaginal septum can be generated only with a splitting of the adventitia. Limitations The cadaveric pelvic specimens of the oldest donors might have had age-related degeneration. Conclusions The present anatomical study has shown only a plane of loose areolar tissue between the rectal and vaginal wall. We can conclude that there is no independent fascia or septum in the rectovaginal space. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B456. ANATOMIA QUIRURGICA DEL ESPACIO RECTOVAGINAL: ?EXISTE UN TABIQUE RECTOVAGINAL INDEPENDIENTE O UNA FASCIA DE DENONVILLIERS EN LAS MUJERES: Debajo del reflejo peritoneal anterior, la pared rectal anterior y el mesorrecto estan separados de la pared vaginal posterior por un espacio rectovaginal virtual. En este espacio, la descripcion de un tabique rectovaginal independiente especifico como contraparte femenina de la fascia de Denonvilliers ha sido objeto de debate a lo largo de los anos.Realizar un estudio anatomico preciso del area rectovaginal en un modelo de simulacion cadaverica de escision mesorrectal total, con el fin de evaluar las posibles estructuras y los planos de diseccion contenidos en el espacio rectovaginal.estudio cadaverico realizado en la Universidad de Valencia.Se disecaron las pelvis de 25 cadaveres femeninos conservados en formalina. Todas las muestras incluidas fueron seccionadas en un plano medio sagital, a la altura del eje medio del canal anal.Se llevo a cabo una diseccion cuidadosa y detallada para visualizar las estructuras anatomicas y los posibles planos de diseccion durante la diseccion mesorrectal anterior en cadaveres. Se realizaron cortes histologicos de la pared vaginal posterior.El espacio rectovaginal contiene tejido areolar laxo que permite un plano de diseccion facil distalmente. No hay fascia o tabique rectovaginal distinto e independiente. La existencia de tres capas fusionadas en la pared vaginal posterior puede identificarse con mayor o menor precision debido a su diferente coloracion. El estudio histologico confirma esta disposicion macroscopica de la pared vaginal posterior en tres capas: la mucosa, la muscular y la adventicia. Un tabique rectovaginal independiente solo se puede generar con una division de la adventicia.Las muestras pelvicas de cadaveres de los donantes mas antiguos pueden haber tenido degeneracion relacionada con la edad.El estudio anatomico actual solo ha mostrado un plano de tejido areolar laxo entre la pared rectal y vaginal. Podemos concluir que no hay fascia o tabique independiente en el espacio rectovaginal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B456. (Traduccion-Dr. Adrian Ortega).
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- 2020
79. MODE OF ACTION OF STHANIK CHIKITSA IN COMMONLY USED IN STREE ROGA
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Priyanka Teva, Kalpna Sharma, and Hem Prakash
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Vaginal route ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Vaginal wall ,Dermatology ,Vaginal packing ,Posterior fornix ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Vaginal Suppository ,Vagina ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,Blood supply ,Vaginal epithelium ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Yoni Roga do not occur without vitiation of Apana Vata, thus first of all Vata should be normalized then treatment of other Doshas should be done. Sthanika Chikitsa (local therapies) prescribed by ancient Acharyas as Yoni Prakshalana (cleansing of vagina), Yoni Pichu (medication soaked tampon place in the vagina), Yoni Purana (vaginal packing), Yoni Lepa (semisolid drug applied in vaginal wall), Yoni Varti (vaginal suppository), Yoni Dhoopana (vaginal fumigation) & Uttarbasti (medicated oil/Ghrita pushed in the uterine cavity). For better result of this therapy the appropriate knowledge of mode of action of drug ought to be important. Our Acharyas very well know the mode of action of this Sthanika Chikitsa and describe the specific Sthanika Chikista according to different Yoni- Vyapada or vitiated Doshas. The reason behind for chosen the vaginal route because of the rugae of the vaginal epithelium create a invoulted surface and results in a large surface area provide, this large surface area allows the trans-epithelial absorption of medications via the vaginal route & the posterior fornix have rich blood supply so actively absorption of drug. The main objective of this literature to find out the probable mode of action of special drug in specific Sthanik Chikitsa.
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- 2020
80. Transvaginal polytetrafluoroethylene mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse: 1‐year clinical outcomes
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Kazuyoshi Shigehara, Satoko Urata, Hiroaki Iwamoto, Kouji Izumi, Atsushi Mizokami, Suguru Kadomoto, Daisuke Tachibana, Kazutaka Narimoto, Masashi Iijima, Akihiro Hamuro, Takahiro Nohara, Hiroshi Yaegashi, Tomomi Nakagawa, Yoshifumi Kadono, Masayasu Koyama, and Shohei Kawaguchi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Vaginal wall ,Pelvic Organ Prolapse ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Stage (cooking) ,Polytetrafluoroethylene ,Pelvic examination ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Pelvic organ ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Postoperative complication ,Perioperative ,Surgical Mesh ,Vaginal mesh ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transvaginal mesh surgery using a polytetrafluoroethylene mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse. Methods This prospective observational study included women undergoing transvaginal mesh surgery for pelvic organ prolapse that used new polytetrafluoroethylene mesh cut into a shape similar to that of Elevate. We evaluated the subjective and objective outcomes at 3 and 12 months, as well as postoperative complication rates. Results This study included 55 patients. The pelvic organ prolapse quantification scores improved significantly at 3 and 12 months after surgery compared with scores before surgery. In four patients (7.3%), a pelvic examination showed stage 2 objective recurrence without subjective symptoms. Clavien-Dindo grades 2 and 3 perioperative complications were observed in 9.1% and 1.8% of the patients, respectively. Vaginal mesh exposure occurred in one patient (1.8%) at the time of the 3-month follow-up evaluation. The mesh was exposed at the proximal midline of the anterior vaginal wall. Conclusions These findings show the safe and effective use of the polytetrafluoroethylene mesh for transvaginal mesh surgery.
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- 2020
81. Long-term menopause exacerbates vaginal wall support injury in ovariectomized rats by regulating amino acid synthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Yu X, He L, Lin W, Zheng X, Zhang L, Yu B, Wang Y, Yang Z, and Lin Y
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- Rats, Female, Animals, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Amino Acids, Glycerophospholipids, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Menopause
- Abstract
Purpose: Menopause is a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and is frequently associated with diminished vaginal wall support. To uncover relevant molecular mechanisms and provide potential therapeutic targets, we evaluated changes in the transcriptome and metabolome of the vaginal wall in ovariectomized rats to identify important molecular changes., Methods: Sixteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either the control or menopause group. Seven months after the operation, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson trichrome staining were used to observe changes in the rat vaginal wall structure. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites (DEMs) in the vaginal wall were detected by RNA-sequencing and LC-MS, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of DEGs and DEMs were performed., Results: We verified that long-term menopause causes vaginal wall injury by H&E and Masson trichrome staining. From the multiomics analyses, 20,669 genes and 2193 metabolites were identified. Compared with the control group, 3255 DEGs were found in the vaginal wall of long-term menopausal rats. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in mechanistic pathways, including cell-cell junction, extracellular matrix, muscle tissue developments, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, tight junctions and the Wnt signaling pathway. Additionally, 313 DEMs were found, and they consisted mostly of amino acids and their metabolites. DEMs were also enriched in mechanistic pathways, such as glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, gap junctions and ferroptosis. Coexpression analysis of DEGs and DEMs revealed that biosynthesis of amino acids (isocitric acid and PKM ) and glycerophospholipid metabolism (1-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and PGS1 ) are critical metabolic pathways, suggesting that POP induced by menopause may be associated with the regulation of these processes., Conclusion: The findings showed that long-term menopause greatly exacerbated vaginal wall support injury by decreasing the biosynthesis of amino acids and interfering with glycerophospholipid metabolism, which may result in POP. This study not only clarified that long-term menopause exacerbates damage to the vaginal wall but also provided insight into the potential molecular mechanisms by which long-term menopause induces POP., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yu, He, Lin, Zheng, Zhang, Yu, Wang, Yang and Lin.)
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- 2023
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82. Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis
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Roy, C. and Bruneton, Jean Noel, editor
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- 1999
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83. Vaginal elasticity is significantly decreased in vaginal atrophy: a strain elastography study
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Peter Takacs, Rudolf Lampé, Róbert Póka, Krisztina Pákozdy, Mariann Bombicz, Bence Kozma, and Attila Sipos
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Strain elastography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vaginal Diseases ,Vaginal wall ,Gastroenterology ,Vulva ,Atrophy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Vaginal cytology ,Prospective cohort study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Elasticity ,Vagina ,Mann–Whitney U test ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,Female ,Vaginal atrophy ,Elastography ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Strain elastography is a novel method to assess the elasticity of tissues. We aimed to evaluate the value of vaginal strain elastography in women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). METHODS Women with or without VVA were enrolled in this prospective study. Participants underwent vaginal cytology and vaginal wall elastography. Vaginal Health Index (VHI) was calculated. Based on Vaginal Maturation Value (VMV), participants were divided into atrophic and nonatrophic groups. Elastography parameters of the vaginal walls were measured in nine regions of interest (ROI). Elastography Index (EI) was defined by the average color score of nine ROIs. Groups were compared with unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength of association between EI and selected parameters. Multiple regression was used to evaluate the association between EI and age, VMV, and vaginal atrophy. RESULTS Ten women were diagnosed with VVA, and twenty had no cytological signs of vaginal atrophy (age-range 38-79 y). VHI score was significantly lower in the atrophic group (mean ± SD, 9.4 ± 2.011 vs 16.6 ± 4.22, P
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- 2020
84. Rare Pediatric Vaginal Granular Cell Tumor: A Case Report
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Cheng Peng, Lingli Yao, and Ying Peng
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Granular cell tumor ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Vaginoscopy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Tumor resection ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Trunk ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Granular cell ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Vagina ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
Background Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are usually benign and occur primarily in the trunk and head. Vaginal tumors are rare, particularly in children. Case A 9-year-old girl was admitted with irregular vaginal bleeding for 1 year. The bleeding had worsened in the previous 1 month. B-ultrasound and computed tomography showed a round mass in the vagina. We performed vaginoscopy using a hysteroscopic exploration and tumor resection via an open technique. The pathology of the resected tumor confirmed a vaginal wall GCT. No recurrence was noted in the following 16 months. Summary and Conclusion To our knowledge, our prepubescent girl is the youngest patient with GCT in the literature. Histopathological evaluation and complete tumor resection with clear margins is the primary treatment for benign or malignant GCTs.
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- 2020
85. Anterior enterocele immediately after cystectomy: A case report
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Yasukuni Yoshimura, Yukiko Nomura, Tetsuo Nemoto, Eiji Matsubara, Yoshiyuki Okada, and Masaaki Nagatsuka
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Surgical repair ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Hysterectomy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Surgery ,Cystectomy ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Pouch ,Complication ,business - Abstract
An enterocele is a peritoneal herniation through or into the vagina, typically as a posterior enterocele, which develops in the rectovaginal space (pouch of Douglas or cul-de-sac). An anterior enterocele in the vesicovaginal space is a rare condition, but a possible complication after cystectomy or hysterectomy. Herein, we report a rare case of anterior enterocele after cystectomy, which required semi-urgent intervention. The patient was a 78-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 2) who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma 3 months earlier. Vaginal examination showed a large stage-3 anterior enterocele without the covering vaginal wall. A transvaginal surgery was performed to repair the vagina. Mesh and Martius flaps were needed to repair the vaginal defect. In conclusion, an anterior enterocele must be suspected when pelvic organ prolapse occurs after cystectomy, and surgical repair should be performed as soon as possible because an enterocele that lacks vaginal wall covering is at high risk of rupture.
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- 2020
86. Transvaginal mesh surgery for anterior apical prolapse of the pelvic organs in women
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О. V. Snurnitsina, M. V. Lobanov, I. Sh. Inoyatov, A. Nikitin, B. A. Slobodyanyuk, L. M. Rapoport, and M. E. Enikeev
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medicine.medical_specialty ,RD1-811 ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,prolapse of the pelvic organs ,Vaginal wall ,Resection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hematoma ,Medicine ,hysteroptosis ,transvaginal surgery ,Pelvic organ ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Urinary retention ,Prolapse repair ,cystocele ,medicine.disease ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Surgery ,mesh implant ,Intraoperative Injury ,Reproductive Medicine ,RC870-923 ,Implant ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the 6-arm mesh OPUR implant in treatment of anterior apical prolapse. Materials and methods. Three hundred patients with anterior apical prolapse (grade III–IV cystocele, grade II–IV hysteroptosis) underwent surgery. Prolapse repair was performed using the 6-arm mesh OPUR implant.Results. In 290 patients, the intended result was achieved (full prolapse elimination or stage I prolapse per the POP-Q (Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System)). However, in 6 cases recurrences of hysteroptosis, in 4 cases recurrences of cystocele were diagnosed. The following postoperative complications were observed: hematoma of the anterior vaginal wall with spontaneous resorption in 12 patients; acute urinary retention resolved in 3–7 days after the surgery in 5.8 % cases; vaginal mucosa erosion in 4 cases (in 2 cases, fragment resection was necessary); intraoperative injury of the bladder in 3 patients (in 2 cases, prolapse repair after defect suturing was finished with transvaginal contralateral sacrospinous hysteropexy supplemented by anterior colporrhaphy; in 1 case, bladder defect was sutured prior to implantation). Conclusion. Transvaginal repair of anterior apical prolapse of the pelvic organs in women using the 6-arm implant is effective and relatively safe. Satisfactory anatomical results persisting for a long time (4–5 years) after implantation were achieved.
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- 2020
87. Search for the G spot: microvessel and nerve mapping of the paraurethral anterior vaginal wall
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Fatma Cavide Sonmez, Çağrı Arıoğlu, Burcu Gül, Serdar Aydin, Ayse Filiz Gokmen Karasu, and AYDIN, SERDAR
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Male ,Urology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Urinary Bladder ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Nerve fiber ,Vaginal wall ,Colporrhaphy ,G-spot ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Urethra ,Uterine Prolapse ,microvessel and nerve mapping of the paraurethral anterior vaginal wall-, INTERNATIONAL UROGYNECOLOGY JOURNAL, 2020 [AYDIN S., SÖNMEZ F. C. , GÖKMEN KARASU A. F. , GÜL B., Arioglu C., -Search for the G spot] ,Nerve bundle ,Humans ,Medicine ,Microvessel ,Lamina propria ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Anterior repair ,Anatomy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Microvessels ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis Orgasm and other sexual responses such as pain, arousal and lubrication may be mediated by nerve fibers and vessels in the lamina propria and muscularis of the vaginal wall, in which case the number of nerve fibers and vessels would be associated with sexual functions. The aim of the study is to map the distribution of nerves and vessels in the anterior vaginal wall along the paraurethral region in a systematic fashion. Methods Specimens were taken from women with anterior vaginal wall prolapse undergoing colporrhaphy anterior repair. All specimens were mapped in a standard way starting 15 mm proximal to the external urethral orifice. Selected blocks of samples were immunohistochemically stained: actin, smooth muscle Ab-1 and S100 Protein Ab-1. The numbers of microvessels and nerves in the lamina propria and muscularis were counted in five consecutive high-power fields of a light microscope. Pairwise comparisons of proximal, distal, right and left paravaginal microvessel and nerve fiber density were analyzed with paired-sample t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Vaginal nerve fibers in the lamina propria and muscularis have a fairly even distribution in the anterior vaginal wall. Vaginal small vessel vascularization and microvascularization are also evenly distributed, with no concentrated site along the paraurethral region of the anterior vaginal wall. Conclusions Nerve fiber, nerve bundle, microvessel and small vessel densities in the lamina propria and muscularis were fairly regular, with no concentrated site on the paraurethral region of the anterior vaginal wall. Bezmiâlem Vakıf Üniversitesi
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- 2020
88. Long-term follow-up of native tissue anterior vaginal wall repair: does the POP-Q stage really reflect patients’ satisfaction rate?
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Rok Šumak, Igor But, and Tamara Serdinšek
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Long term follow up ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Vaginal wall ,Pelvic Organ Prolapse ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anterior colporrhaphy ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical history ,Stage (cooking) ,Retrospective Studies ,Posterior colporrhaphy ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Surgical Mesh ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Satisfaction rate ,Patient Satisfaction ,Native tissue ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Anterior colporrhaphy (AC) is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures for pelvic organ prolapse treatment; however, there are only few data in the literature regarding its long-term outcomes. Our aim was to assess the long-term efficacy and satisfaction rate after AC. Patients who underwent AC at our institution from 2011 to 2014 were invited to this follow-up study, which took place in January–February 2019. Medical history and gynaecological examination with POP-Q assessment were performed. Patients filled out validated questionnaires UIQ-7, CRAIQ-7, POPIQ-7, PFIQ-7, POPDI-6, CRADI-8, and UDI-6 and evaluated their satisfaction with the procedure. Objective success was defined as anterior wall prolapse stage 0 or 1 assessed by the POP-Q system. Subjective success was defined as the absence of bulging sensation or a sense of falling out that can be felt or seen in the vaginal area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests. Seventy out of 137 (51.1%) patients attended the follow-up. Mean follow-up period up was 74.1 ± 12.6 months. Two patients were excluded from the analysis because they had another surgical procedure due to central compartment prolapse. Of the remaining patients, 50 had AC and 18 had AC and posterior colporrhaphy (PC). Objective success rate was 13.2% and subjective success rate was 68.7%. Almost all patients (98.5%) were satisfied with the procedure. In the group of patients with objective recurrence, 66.1% had no prolapse symptoms. Despite having a low objective success rate, patients’ satisfaction with AC is very high.
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- 2020
89. Expression of ArfGAP3 in Vaginal Anterior Wall of Patients With Pelvic Floor Organ Prolapse in Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Non–Pelvic Organ Prolapse Patients
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Yu Sun, Danhua Lu, Bingshu Li, Li Hong, Shasha Hong, and Cheng Liu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Urology ,ArfGAP3 ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Anterior wall ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Vaginal wall ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hysterectomy, Vaginal ,Humans ,Medicine ,protein expression ,Aged ,Pelvic organ ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Pelvic floor ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Adenosine Diphosphate Ribosylation ,GTPase-Activating Proteins ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,RNA expression ,Original Articles ,Middle Aged ,pelvic organ prolapse ,anterior vaginal wall ,Surgery ,body regions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,Vagina ,Hysterectomy vaginal ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Purpose of Investigation The purpose of this study was to study the expression of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 (ArfGAP3) in the anterior vaginal wall of patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods From July 2016 to July 2018, the anterior vaginal wall of 31 POP patients (pelvic organ prolapse quantification [POP-Q] II-III [n = 10] and POP-Q IV [n = 21]) with pelvic floor dysfunction-related symptoms who underwent vaginal hysterectomy were enrolled in POP group in the Department of Gynecology of Wuhan University People’s Hospital. The anterior vaginal wall of 28 non-POP patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy was selected as control group. The expression of 3 groups was determined by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Results The expression levels of ArfGAP3 of POP-Q II-III and POP-Q IV groups were lower than the control group (P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between POP-Q II-III and POP-Q IV groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of ArfGAP3 in the anterior vaginal wall of POP patients decreased, which was related to the pathogenesis and clinical grading of POP.
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- 2020
90. Hubungan Antara Perubahan TitiK B Anterior (BA) dengan Berat Badan Lahir Bayi pada Persalinan Normal
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Beny Gunawan and Ermawati Ermawati
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genitourinary system ,business.industry ,Normal delivery ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Birth weight ,Uterus ,Urethrocele ,Vaginal wall ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Vagina ,business - Abstract
Background : Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), also known as urogenital prolapse, is a decrease in pelvic organs which causes protrusion of the vagina, uterus or both. Determination of POP is seen from anterior vaginal wall prolapse (cystocele), uteri (urethrocele) and posterior vaginal wall (rectocele). In identifying the incidence of POP can be seen by knowing anatomic abnormalities, especially cytoceles, based on the degree measured by the Prevalence Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ) system. In the cystocele the POPQ assessment is focused on the anterior B point (Ba), which is the point that is in the anterior vaginal wall, between the Aa point and the anterior fornix.Objectives : determine the relationship between changes in anterior point B with the birth weight of infants in normal labor. Method: This study was conducted with a cross sectional comparative study method in the obgin polyclinic Prof. dr. Hanafiah Batusangkar from September to December 2017. The number of samples was 74 people with 37 people in the group with an anterior point B change> 3 cm and 37 people in the group with an anterior point B change 3 cm.Conclusion: this study is that there is a relationship between birth weight of babies with anterior point B changes. Keywords: Pelvic Organ Prolap, Prevalence Organ Prolapse Quantification (POPQ), Anterior Point B
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- 2020
91. Does Vaginal Wall Surgical Trauma During Hybrid Transvaginal NOTES Nephrectomy Have Traumatic Effects On Sexual Functions? A Prospective Study
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Ciprian Lucan, Yiloren Tanidir, Panella M, Michele Fichera, Bahadir Sahin, Christopher Netsch, Luca Lunelli, and Tarik Emre Sener
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Male ,Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Human sexuality ,Nephrectomy ,Vaginal wall ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Renal cell carcinoma ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery ,Middle Aged ,Surgical Instruments ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Sexual dysfunction ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Sexual function - Abstract
Surgical trauma due to vaginal wall incision to extract the specimen during transvaginal hybrid Natural-Orifices-Transluminal-Endoscopic-Surgery (NOTES) nephrectomy can result in sexual dysfunction and have traumatic psychological impacts. We evaluated the alteration of sexual functions in the postoperative period.Patients who underwent a transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy were prospectively enrolled. Patients and their partners were evaluated with the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire pre- and post-operatively. Surgical characteristics were recorded.Fifty-three patients (mean age: 52.72 ± 2.39 years; mean tumor size 4.77 ± 2.55 cm) were included. The total GRISS scores of all patients were similar in pre- and post-operative periods. Although females reported no change in the GRISS score, 60.4% of partners showed a drop in the total score. Non-communication and avoidance subdomains showed significant changes for females; males showed a significant change in avoidance, non-sensuality and dissatisfaction subdomains. Subgroup analyses showed that neither tumor stage nor nulliparous status did not affect total score changes for both genders. The trocar number and perioperative complication rates had no significant effects on total score changes.Sexual function can be affected after transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy and care should include a stringent approach to addressing sexual dysfunction. We support the transvaginal NOTES nephrectomy technique if adequate secondary measures to protect sexual function are taken.
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- 2020
92. Evaluation of episiotomy in present day obstetric practice
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Vikas Tambe, Nikhila Singireddy, Himadri Bal, and Manasi Mukund Thakur
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Episiotomy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Rigid perineum ,episiotomy ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Perineum ,Shoulder dystocia ,perineal trauma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,2nd stage of labor ,restrictive ,business ,Obstetric Procedure ,Prospective cohort study - Abstract
Background: Episiotomy, a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labor is one of the most performed surgical procedures in the world, especially for nulliparous women. Episiotomy itself is comparable to a 2nd degree perineal injury. The concept of restrictive episiotomy came where its use is restricted to only high-risk cases such as shoulder dystocia, short rigid perineum, face to pubis delivery, vaginal breech delivery, and instrumental deliveries. We decided to carry out a study to evaluate this common obstetric procedure and try to decipher its role in the present day obstetric practice. Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study on 200 women admitted to the labor room and satisfying the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The cases were then divided into two groups of 100 each by simple randomization by chit method. The participants of one group (Group A) were not given episiotomy unless it was inescapable and was considered as the study group and in the other group (Group B) episiotomy was given to all the patients and was considered as the control group. Results: The overall rate of episiotomy in the control group was 100% as per study protocol and that in study group 27%. The restricted use of episiotomy resulted in a significant reduction in overall episiotomy rate. Conclusion: This study was conducted to evaluate the practice of restrictive episiotomy and compare it with routine episiotomy. We found that the net outcome of restrictive episiotomy was better than routine episiotomy and this was statistically significant with respect to parturition-related perineal trauma, postpartum pain, and maternal satisfaction of the entire birthing process.
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- 2020
93. Using taTME to maintain restorative options in locally advanced rectal cancer: A technical note
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Alexander G. Heriot, Satish K Warrier, Philip Smart, Jacob J McCormick, Peadar S Waters, and José Tomás Larach
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Colorectal cancer ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Locally advanced ,taTME ,Vaginal wall ,Article ,R0 resection ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Rectal cancer ,En-bloc vaginal wall resection ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Vaginectomy ,Technical note ,medicine.disease ,Total mesorectal excision ,Dissection ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Surgery ,Transanal total mesorectal excision ,business ,Extended resection - Abstract
Highlights • The safe adoption of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has occurred in many countries worldwide. • Planes beyond TME can be utilised in more advanced cases to achieve negative margins during transanal dissection. • In this case, the transanal technique allowed the surgeons to ensure organ preservation and control the R1 risk point during dissection. • An R0 resection was achieved. • This technical note highlights that in experienced hands, taTME can be safely implemented to maintain restorative options in locally advanced rectal cancer requiring resection beyond the mesorectal plane., Background The safe adoption of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has occurred in Australasia as previously reported by the current authors. Planes beyond TME can be utilised in more advanced cases to achieve negative margins during transanal dissection. Methods In this article we describe how taTME is used to perform an en-bloc partial vaginectomy and aid restore intestinal and vaginal continuity in a young female with a locally advanced rectal cancer and posterior vaginal wall involvement in the pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging. Results The transanal technique allowed the surgeons to remove a disc of vagina, ensure organ preservation and control the main R1 risk point. An R0 resection was achieved. Conclusion This technical note highlights that in experienced hands, taTME may be safely implemented to maintain restorative options in locally advanced rectal cancer requiring resection beyond the total mesorectal excision plane.
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- 2020
94. Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Previa Accreta Using Retrograde Abdominal Hysterectomy Approaching from the Posterior Vaginal Wall
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Yuji Hiramatsu
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medicine.medical_specialty ,bladder invasion ,RD1-811 ,posterior vaginal wall ,business.industry ,placenta previa accreta ,Precision Surgery in Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Vaginal wall ,Placenta previa ,Surgery ,cesarean hysterectomy ,retrograde abdominal hysterectomy ,Medicine ,business ,Cesarean hysterectomy ,Abdominal hysterectomy - Abstract
Hysterectomy for placenta percreta with bladder invasion is a difficult operation because of the high possibility of massive bleeding; therefore, surgery should be performed in a facility equipped with a sufficient number of trained staff. The degree of bladder invasion should be assessed correctly before the operation, and it is necessary to carefully consider how to address intraoperative complications and massive bleeding in the preoperative conference. The following should be prepared preoperatively: autologous blood and stored blood; ureteral catheter and insertion materials; materials to separate and tape the internal iliac artery and ureter; balloon for insertion into the common iliac artery or aorta and aortic clamps; and materials for compression suturing, such as B-Lynch suture. Sufficient informed patient consent is also required. During surgery, which may cause massive and sometimes life-threatening bleeding, the general rule is to begin at a safe site without adhesions and then treat the adhesion site. According to this rule, bladder dissection should be performed last in cases of placenta percreta with bladder invasion. As a surgical technique using this principle, we introduce retrograde hysterectomy approaching from the posterior vaginal wall.
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- 2022
95. CT and MRI of Benign and Malignant Conditions of the Vagina
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Bis, Kostaki G., Vrachliotis, Thomas G., Shirkhoda, Ali, Jafri, Syed Zafar H., editor, Diokno, Ananias C., editor, and Amendola, Marco A., editor
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- 1998
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96. The role of conventional pelvic floor reconstructive surgeries in obstructed defecation symptoms change: CARE and OPTIMAL trials sub-analysis of 2-year follow-up data
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Ghazaleh Rostaminia, Roger P. Goldberg, Cecilia Chang, and Steven D. Abramowitch
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,Urinary system ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Vaginal wall ,Pelvic Organ Prolapse ,Continuous variable ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Defecation ,Surgical repair ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Pelvic floor ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Pelvic Floor ,Plastic Surgery Procedures ,Surgery ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mann–Whitney U test ,Female ,Obstructed defecation ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
The current study was aimed at addressing two questions: first, is any conventional vaginal prolapse repair effective in curing obstructed defecation symptoms, and second, is there evidence to suggest that a sacrocolpopexy will increase the risk of worsening or new-onset obstructed defecation symptoms? This is a sub-analysis of two major clinical trials performed by the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network: the Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts (CARE) trial and the Operations and Pelvic Muscle Training in the Management of Apical Support Loss (OPTIMAL) trial. Two-year follow-up data were included. Demographics, pelvic organ prolapse quantification examination, and symptoms were compared between first, two surgical arms in the OPTIMAL study and second, CARE and OPTIMAL datasets using Chi-squared test for categorical variables and Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. A total of 353 subjects form the OPTIMAL study and 279 subjects from the CARE study met the inclusion criteria. Regardless of trial, obstructed defecation symptoms were present in more than half of the patients at the initial visit before the surgical intervention, and interestingly, about one third of the patients were symptomatic at the 24-month follow-up in all surgical groups. The conventional vaginal prolapse surgeries, with or without posterior vaginal wall repair, improved obstructed defecation symptoms by 50%, but about 35% of patients were suffering from at least one of the aspects of obstructed defecation at the 24-month follow-up. It is also important to note that about a quarter of the patients experienced persisting or worsening of their obstructed defecation symptoms in the absence of anatomical failure.
- Published
- 2019
97. The effect of tomato juice on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rats
- Author
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Hendy Hendarto, Juminten Saimin, and Soetjipto Soetjipto
- Subjects
Andrology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Chemistry ,Type 1 collagen ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,General Medicine ,Matrix metalloproteinase ,mmp-2, menopause, tomato juice, type-1 collagen ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Vaginal wall - Abstract
Background: Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that is characterized by a decrease in physiological functions that increases with age. Free radicals cause oxidative stress, which plays a role in the aging process. The accumulation of reactive oxygen compounds increases matrix metalloproteinase-2. Collagen can be directly destroyed by reactive oxygen compounds or through the induction of MPPs. Tomato fruit is an antioxidant, which acts as a binder and damper of free radicals that activate collagen damage. This study aims to assess the effect of tomato juice on the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat.Methods: This was a true experimental study, using Sprague-Dawley rats and tomato juice (Solanum lycopersicum). Expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen was examined using immunohistochemistry staining. Twenty-four healthy female rats, aged 4 months weighing 150-200 grams, were divided into 4 groups, each group as many as 6 rats. The negative control group (NC) was a group of rats with a sham procedure, given aquades for 28 days. The positive control group (PC) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given aquades for 28 days. The first treatment group (P1) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 11 g / 200 g BW / day. The second treatment group (P2) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 15 g / 200 g BW / day. Data analysis used the One-way ANOVA statistical test (α = 0.05) and different tests between groups using Games-Howell and Tukey HSD. The association between tomato juice and the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen used regression tests.Results: This study found that the lowest expression of MMP-2 was NC group (2.07 ± 0.84), and the highest was the PC group (5.72 ± 1.91). The mean MMP-2 expression in the treatment groups was lower than the PC group but still higher than the NC group. There was a significant difference in MMP-2 expression between groups (p = 0,000). There was a negative correlation between tomato juice administration and MMP-2 expression (b = -0.592). The lowest type-1 collagen expression was PC group (3.83 ± 1.44), and the highest was the P2 group (7.27 ± 2.21). The mean type-1 collagen expression in the treatment groups was higher than the PC group. There were significant differences of type-1 collagen expression between groups (p = 0.012). There was a positive correlation between tomato juice administration and type-1 collagen expression (b = 0.682).Conclusions: Tomato juice administration can reduce the expression of MMP-2 and increase the expression of type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat. The higher the dose of tomato juice, the higher the expression of type-1 collagen.
- Published
- 2019
98. Uterovaginal prolapse
- Author
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Creighton, Sarah, Lawton, Frank, and Luesley, David M., editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Laparoscopic Retropubic Colposuspension Procedures
- Author
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Brill, Andrew I., Azziz, Ricardo, editor, and Murphy, Ana Alvarez, editor
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Paraganglioma From Vaginal Wall Revealed by 131I-MIBG Scan
- Author
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Hongli Jing, Fang Li, Kun Zheng, Shikun Zhu, and Libo Chen
- Subjects
Adult ,Surgical resection ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Vaginal Neoplasms ,Vaginal wall ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Paraganglioma ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Vaginal bleeding ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Pathological ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,3-Iodobenzylguanidine ,131i mibg ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Vaginal paraganglioma is very rare. Most patients first presented irregular heavy menses and abnormal vaginal bleeding. The accurate diagnosis can only be made pathologically. Here we report a case of paraganglioma arising from vaginal wall in a 44-year-old woman who only presented catecholamine-related symptoms. The lesion had negative 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC (hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide) activity but positive on 131I MIBG scan. Paraganglioma was highly suspected, which was confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical findings after surgical resection of the lesion.
- Published
- 2021
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