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Bettini recordings are rare, with only an estimated 300 having survived the passage of time. Surprisingly, many of them have been found in the small Mohawk Valley Village of Palatine Bridge, New York. This article asserts that the reason for that is because editor and publisher William J. Arkell, who was friends with Lieutenant Gianni Bettini, had a summer home in Canajoharie, a town that is only steps away from Palatine Bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superlight Mg-10Li-3Al-3Zn (LA103Z) alloy cabins were fabricated by the integration of multi-directionally forging (MDF), die forging, and annealing treatment. α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi, MgLi2Al, and Mg17Al12 phases are detected in the as-cast alloy. Dynamic precipitation dominates during MDF and the relatively randomized macro-texture endows the MDFed billet with quasi-isotropic tensile properties. During subsequent compression, the grain growth and phase dissolution tend to occur with the decline of Zener–Hollomon parameter. The cabin die-forged at 260 °C and 6 mm/s owns the superior strength compared with the other cabins, which should be attributed to the sufficient dissolution of AlLi phases, fine grain size, reasonable amount and distribution of MgLi2Al particles, etc. Further annealed at 245 °C for 3 h, the above cabin exhibits the optimal comprehensive mechanical properties with the tensile yield strength (TYS) of 211 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 243 MPa, and elongation of 20.0%. This work provides a feasible way for industrial production of high-performance large-scale Mg-Li components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the air-to-air missile warhead, there is a cabin with a certain thickness at a distance around the fragments. At present, the influence of missile cabin has not yet been taken into account in the study of fragment velocity. In this paper, based on the law of conservation of energy, the theoretical equation of fragment velocity considering the kinetic energy of cabin debris was deduced. Then, the rationality of the theoretical formula is validated through the static explosion experiments of two prototype warheads, one with a titanium alloy cabin and the other without any cabin. It was found that after the warhead is equipped with the cabin, part of the energy is consumed to drive the cabin debris, resulting in a decrease in fragment velocity, but the velocity of cabin debris was greater than that of fragment of warheads without any cabin. Besides, through numerical simulation, the driving process of fragments and cabin debris during explosive detonation loading of the warhead with the cabin was studied, which can be divided into six stages, and the error between numerical result and experimental value is not more than 4.8%. Finally, the variety regulation of fragment velocity and cabin debris velocity at different interval distances was further studied by numerical simulation. The results indicate that fragment velocity of warheads with cabin at different interval distances is basically the same, but cabin debris velocity decreases with the increase of interval distance. This conclusion can provide a reference for the structural design and fragment velocity evaluation of warheads with cabin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to propose a thermal model for predicting the average air temperature inside the passenger cabin of a small-sized car that uses an HVAC system. The adopted model is a lumped parameter model that accounts for nine heat sources acting on the cabin. Additionally, the model presents a methodology for calculating the temperature at the evaporator outlet considering a linear temperature drop between its inlet and outlet as a function of sensitive heat, latent heat, evaporator input temperature, absolute humidity, enthalpy and specific heat. Sixteen experimental tests were conducted on a commercial vehicle under various operating conditions to validate the presented model. The maximum average relative deviation between the experimental and theoretical results was 17.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water-based recreation areas provide many benefits to society and the ecosystem services they provide are increasingly being considered in land planning and conservation decisions. We examine the value of the Wekiva River in central Florida using a hedonic valuation model of residential property values. We analyze how structural characteristics of single-family homes and recreation area characteristics, such as fee systems, size of the area, and activities provided, impact property values. We find that publicly owned recreation areas with both land and water-based recreation activities increased property values within 5 miles of the Wekiva River. Proximity to recreation areas marginally increased housing values, and the size of the recreation areas and ecosystem type had no impact on property values. We recommend that recreation managers and land use planners focus efforts on conserving more publicly owned conservation lands that increase recreation access to residents to promote contiguous natural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginning of the 18th century is known as the "Westernization Period" in Ottoman architecture. It was in this period that Western-born architectural movements found their way into the Ottoman Empire. This was also a time in which new types of structures emerged in Ottoman architecture as the Western influence continued to permeate both religious and civil architecture. This impact also affected the Ottoman culture of housing, leading to important changes in residential structures. The new cultural elements arriving from the West began to be apparent in the plans, facades, interiors, and decorative components of the homes of the affluent, most of which were built by Western architects. This was a time in which lifestyles were changing, and especially in the capital of Istanbul, a rich assortment of residential architecture was expressed in styles that included the Neo-Baroque, Neo-Gothic, Orientalism, Art Nouveau, Eclecticism, Swiss Châlet, and Late Victorian. One of the new types of structures that appeared in this period was the summerhouse. While these houses belonged to the wealthy Ottoman elite and reflected the traditional Ottoman residential fabric in their plans and styles, a large number carried the architectural characteristics of the summerhouses and mansions of the West. The aim of this article is to describe an authentic example of the group of wooden summerhouses that were outstanding products of Ottoman residential architecture in the 19th century, at a time when the Empire's cultural norms were turning toward the West. The characteristics of the plans of these buildings, the configuration of their facades and decorative elements will be presented, as will other information on the wooden summerhouses of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of ignition position on the deflagration characteristics of oil mist in ship cabins, a self-constructed simulated cabin experimental platform was created to conduct experiments on the effect of ignition position on oil mist deflagration characteristics. The results indicate that the deflagration process of oil mist under various conditions can be divided into four stages, they are respectively deflagration, turbulent combustion, flame stretch and self-extinguishing. The peak velocity of flame propagation decreases with the increasing of the distance between the ignition position and the nozzle. When the distance increases from 13 cm to 83 cm, the peak velocity decreases by 6 m/s with a reduction of 57.14%. The peak temperature inside the cabin decreases with the increasing of the distance between the ignition position and the nozzle. When the distance increases from 13 cm to 83 cm, the peak temperature decreases by 118.2°C with a reduction of 13.94%. The pressure distribution inside the cabin after ignition increases first and then decreases. As the distance between the ignition position and the nozzle increases, the peak pressure at various positions also increases, and the maximum peak pressure is located at 110 cm in the cabin. At the ignition position of 83 cm, the peak pressure reaches the maximum value of 1.603 MPa, which increases by 0.858 MPa (115.17%) compared with the ignition position of 13 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an interview in 1954, Jane Bowles blamed her coterie of friends for the Broadway failure of her play In the Summer House. Through an analysis of the play and its reception, alongside other episodes in mid-twentieth-century American literary culture, this article argues that Bowles's creative dependency upon her intimate friendship circle has an impact on recent scholarly debates about the place of weak theory in modernist studies. By describing the troublesome writing career of Bowles and the artistic dilemmas she faced, this article explores the critical uses of the negativity that persists within theoretical applications of weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the assembly of mechanical systems, the dual-arm robot is always used for cabin docking. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of cabin docking, a multi-objective trajectory planning method for the dual-arm robot was proposed. A kinematic model of the dual-arm robot was constructed based on the Denavit–Hartenberg (D-H) method firstly. Then, in the Cartesian space, the end trajectory of the dual-arm robot was confirmed by the fifth-order B-spline curve. On the basis of a traditional multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm, a modified cuckoo algorithm was built using the improved initial population generation method and the step size. The total consumption time and joint impact were selected as the objective functions, the overall optimal solution for the modified cuckoo algorithm was obtained using the normalized evaluation method. The optimal trajectory planning was achieved. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the trajectory planning method were verified with the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Yucayeque vacation home, located in the prestigious Punta Cana Resort & Club in the Dominican Republic. Designed by its owner, Pierina Pepén, the house was created to provide a personalized and functional space for her young family, who have been living in Barcelona for several years. The article highlights the unique fusion of form and function in the design, with every detail showcasing meticulous attention.

Identifying the optimal cabin layout is an important way to improve the efficiency of ship systems and ensure the efficient circulation of personnel and materials. The ship task state refers to the state maintained by the joint actions of ship machinery and equipment, cargo, and personnel when facing different jobs and tasks during operation. A cabin layout that facilitates multitasking states can improve the efficiency of collaboration between systems and ensure the operation of the ship. The demand for human flow and logistics is different in multitasking states. To express the demand in mathematical form, there is a certain random uncertainty in the numerical quantification of the demand. Thus, to better meet the needs of different states, the coefficient values of each state can be integrated using special methods. Ensuring values' initial preference to the greatest extent inevitably produces a degree of cognitive uncertainty. Therefore, uncertainty analysis is necessary for cabin layout design to be used for multitasking states. In this paper, a deterministic optimization platform of cabin layout in multitasking states is obtained. Adjacent and circulating strength coefficients are obtained through numerical quantization of the demand for human flow and logistics. The random uncertainty in the input values of two coefficients was represented by random variables, and the cognitive uncertainty was represented by interval variables. In order to solve the problem of two types of variables, a random-interval hybrid uncertainty model was established. Through random intervalization and interval randomization, three cases, of random variables, interval variables, and random variables and interval variables, were studied. The probability distribution of the model function was used to evaluate the influence of different compositions of uncertainty parameters on the robustness of the cabin layout scheme. The necessity and effectiveness of uncertainty analysis in multitasking cabin layout are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyse the effects of unemployment on consumption and time use. To do so, we employ a micro panel dataset for the Netherlands containing a large set of expenditure and time use categories. Our results show a small negative effect of unemployment on expenditures, and large positive effects on time spent on home production and leisure activities. We do not find evidence for complementarity between leisure and consumption or for substitution between home production and expenditures. We use our results to estimate a ratio of relevant lifecycle parameters, and show that the point estimates and their precision depend strongly on the expenditure and time use categories considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term monitoring data indicate a persistent decline in American Kestrel populations across North America. Loss or alteration of habitat have been listed as potential causal factors, but basic information on kestrel space use, including breeding home range size, is lacking. No study has provided robust estimates of the ranging behavior of breeding kestrels based on tracking data of any resolution. We fitted 19 adult female kestrels with solar-powered GPS transmitters during the incubation period in northern Virginia. High-resolution tracking began during the early nestling stage for 17 birds. We collected an average of 1710 locations per bird through the end of the breeding season (31 August), with 13 birds tracked through the fledging of their young. Autocorrelated kernel density home range estimation showed that female kestrels used breeding home ranges that were smaller (average: 0.32 km2) than most previously published range sizes. Home ranges did not vary significantly in size across breeding stages and demonstrated little overlap with the ranges of neighboring kestrels. Five females shifted their territories in the post-breeding stage (i.e., after disappearance or dispersal of fledglings) between 1.5 and 12.3 km from their nest box; they maintained these new ranges at least to the migration period. We also documented home range excursion forays (n = 128) by all 12 consistently tracked females. Mean (4.0 km) and maximum (127.7 km) foray distances were some of the largest reported among birds and mammals relative to home range size. Weekly foray rates were highest during the nestling stage, and for birds that ultimately shifted from their breeding home range. The existence of long-distance foray behavior and the use of multiple summer home ranges, both shown here for the first time for this species, has a direct impact on interpretation of kestrel nest-site and habitat selection data, and on the assessment of potential threats to this species in the breeding season. Los datos de monitoreo a largo plazo indican una disminución persistente en las poblaciones de Falco sparverius en toda América del Norte. La pérdida o alteración del hábitat se han señalado como posibles factores causales, pero falta información básica sobre el uso del espacio por parte de F. sparverius, incluyendo el tamaño del área de campeo de la estación reproductiva. Ningún estudio ha proporcionado estimaciones sólidas del comportamiento en las áreas de cría de F. sparverius basadas en datos de seguimiento de cualquier resolución. Equipamos 19 hembras adultas de F. sparverius con transmisores GPS alimentados por energía solar durante el período de incubación en el norte de Virginia. El seguimiento de alta resolución comenzó para 17 aves durante la etapa temprana de polluelos. Recopilamos un promedio de 1710 localizaciones por ave hasta el final de la temporada reproductiva (31 de agosto), con 13 aves rastreadas hasta el emplumamiento de sus crías. La estimación del área de campeo mediante kernels de densidad que tienen en cuenta la autocorrelación espacial mostró que las hembras de F. sparverius tuvieron áreas de campeo durante la estimación de cría más pequeñas (promedio: 0.32 km2) que la mayoría de los tamaños de las áreas de campeo previamente publicados. Las áreas de campeo no variaron significativamente en tamaño a lo largo de las etapas reproductivas y mostraron poco solapamiento con los áreas de campeo de los individuos de F. sparverius vecinos. Cinco hembras desplazaron sus territorios en la etapa postreproductiva (i.e., después de la desaparición o dispersión de los polluelos) entre 1.5 y 12.3 km desde sus cajas nido; ellas mantuvieron estas nuevas áreas de campeo al menos hasta el período de migración. También documentamos excursiones exploratorias fuera del área de campeo (n = 128) en las 12 hembras seguidas de manera consistente. La distancia media (4.0 km) y máxima (127.7 km) de las exploraciones fueron algunas de las más grandes reportadas entre las aves y los mamíferos en relación con el tamaño del área de campeo. Las tasas de exploración semanal fueron más altas durante la etapa de cría y para las aves que finalmente cambiaron su área de campeo. La existencia de comportamientos de exploración de larga distancia y el uso de múltiples áreas de campeo en verano, ambos demostrados aquí por primera vez para esta especie, tienen un impacto directo en la interpretación de los datos de selección de hábitat y de lugares de cría de F. sparverius, y en la evaluación de las posibles amenazas para esta especie en la temporada reproductiva. [Traducción del equipo editorial] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the engineering limitations of traditional ship vibration online monitoring and noise prediction methods, this paper proposes a method for online monitoring and underwater radiation noise prediction of cabin structures' vibration and noise under hybrid excitation of sound and force. The method first constructs the condition test model; based on OTPA technology, the "acoustic-vibration" transfer function between sound and vibration monitoring points in the cabin and the "acoustic/vibration-acoustic" transmission network inside and outside the cabin structure are obtained. Secondly, based on the "acoustic-vibration" transfer function, the online vibration and sound monitoring data are decoupled and processed to obtain the modified vibration and sound monitoring data. Finally, the near-field radiation noise on the conformal hologram surface outside the cabin is predicted based on the "acoustic/vibration-acoustic" transmission network, and the far-field radiation noise of the cabin structure is predicted by the wave superposition method. In this paper, the contribution law of external radiation noise and the coupling characteristics of the monitoring information under the hybrid excitation of sound and force are analyzed theoretically, and the decoupling method of coupling information is also studied. This method makes up for the problem of missing underwater radiation noise caused by sound excitation in traditional vibration monitoring, and it can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of underwater radiation noise. The effectiveness of the method is further verified by the tank model experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the stable clamping of large cabin parts, this paper studied the clamping force optimization of the clamping mechanism for large-mass and large-size cabin parts. Firstly, three kinds of contact models are introduced. Then, a clamping matrix is constructed for a particular clamping configuration. The nonlinear friction cone constraint at the contact point is transformed into a linear affine constraint in a smooth Riemannian manifold using the special structure of the positive definite symmetric matrix. Finally, a large cabin part used in the aerospace field is used as an example for calculating and simulating the clamping force optimization. Different optimization algorithms are used to calculate the initial value which is put into the gradient flow optimization method of the clamping force for optimization calculation. Meanwhile, the normal clamping force value of a 2 t object is measured using relevant experimental equipment. The simulation results and experimental results show that the gradient flow optimization method of the clamping force can quickly complete the clamping force optimization of large-mass and large-size cabin parts. The actual measured value of the normal clamping force is close to the simulated convergence value. The distribution of the normal force of the clamping mechanisms and the convergence value of the clamping force for each clamping mechanism can provide some references for determining the output clamping force of the clamping mechanism and confirming a reasonable distribution of the clamping mechanism. It also confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of this method applied to the clamping force optimization for a large axial part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Microorganisms colonize all possible ecological habitats, including those subjected to harsh stressors such as UV radiation. Hospitals, in particular the UV cabins used in phototherapy units, constitute an environment in which microbes are intermittently subjected to UV irradiation. This selective pressure, in addition to the frequent use of antibiotics by patients, may represent a threat in the context of the increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, a collection of microorganisms has been established in order to study the microbiota associated to the inner and outer surfaces of UV cabins and to assess their resistance to UV light and the antibiotics frequently used in the Dermatology Service of a Spanish hospital. Our results show that UV cabins harbor a relatively diverse biocenosis dominated by typically UV-resistant microorganisms commonly found in sun-irradiated environments, such as Kocuria, Micrococcus or Deinococcus spp., but also clinically relevant taxa, such as Staphylococcus or Pseudomonas spp. The UV-radiation assays revealed that, although some isolates displayed some resistance, UV is not a major factor shaping the biocenosis living on the cabins, since a similar pool of resistant microorganisms was identified on the external surface of the cabins. Interestingly, some Staphylococcus spp. displayed resistance to one or more antibiotics, although the hospital reported no cases of antibiotic-resistance infections of the patients using the cabins. Finally, no association between UV and antibiotic resistances was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil aviation transport is an important source of global respiratory disease spread due to the closely-spaced environment. In order to reduce the probability of infection of passengers, an improved Wells-Riley model for cabin passenger risk assessment have been given in this work, the cabin ventilation and passenger nose and mouth orientation were considered. The model's effectiveness has been verified with published data. Finally, how the load factor and use of an empty seat scheme are associated with the number of infected people was assessed. The results demonstrated that the number of infected people positively correlates with the passenger load factor, and the most suitable load factor can be determined by controlling the final number of infected people with the condition of the epidemic situation in the departure city. Additionally, infection risk was found to be lower among passengers in window seats than in those in aisle seats and middle seats, and keeping empty seats in the middle or aisle could reduce the cabin average probability of infection by up to 37.47%. Using the model developed here, airlines can determine the optimal load factor threshold and seating arrangement strategy to improve economic benefits and reduce the probability of passenger infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the fire safety of a ship structure is evaluated using a fire dynamics algorithm for large eddy simulations and a structural-thermal coupling method. Taking a two-story cabin as an example, a typical I-channel is adopted and the fire-thermal-structure coupling calculation of the cabin is realised through a thermal-mechanical coupling data interface. On this basis, the failure characteristics, stress distribution, and deformation modes of the cabin under different heat release rate (0–8 MW) and fire locations (side and middle chambers) are studied. The results show that an increase in the heat release rate in the side chamber causes the failure path of the cabin to gradually expand from the fire-source side to the sagging plane. This differs from the failure mode of the cabin in the sagging plane at ambient temperature. When a high-power fire occurs in the middle chamber of the cabin, its spatial layout significantly influences the damage location. Moreover, the residual strength of the cabin at different fire positions in a heat release rate range of 0–8 MW is predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fully transparent cabin used in a manned submersible is typically made of the viscoelastic material polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The pressure-bearing capacity of a PMMA-manned cabin was investigated considering the effects of initial geometrical imperfections and large openings. Three types of cabins were studied within the failure mode of nonlinear buckling, including an intact spherical cabin, a spherical cabin with a single opening, and a spherical cabin with double openings. The initial geometrical imperfection ranges from 0.1% to 0.5% of the inner diameter. The ultimate strength decreasing tendency for the different types of cabins with increasing initial imperfection was obtained and the thickness of the hatch cover determined based on the principle of equivalence differed its effects on the strength of the cabin. The influence of the hatch cover stiffness was not linear and indicated the necessity of exploring the coordinated design between the PMMA shell and the metal hatch cover for the transparent cabin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within Finish culture is a strong tradition of sauna bathing. This special environment predisposes the persons refreshing in the sauna to different kind of burns with varying etiologies. Despite the high prevalence of sauna related burns in Finland, there is paucity on the sauna related burns literature. In this 13-year retrospective study, all sauna-related contact burns in the adult population treated at the Helsinki Burn Centre were analyzed. Altogether 216 patients were included in this study. The incidence of sauna-related contact burns was significantly higher in males; they accounted for 71.8% of patients. In addition to male gender, another risk factor was high age, with the elderly also being more prone to have a longer length of stay in hospital and more often receiving operative treatment. Despite most burns being relatively small, they were deep and more than one-third (36.6%) of patients underwent surgery. A strong seasonal variation in the injuries was recorded; over 40% of the burns took place during the summer months. Sauna contact burns are common, and despite their small size, they frequently cause deep injuries indicating operative treatment. There is a clear male predominance in the patient population. Most probably the cultural aspects of sauna bathing at summer cottages explain the strong seasonal variation in the incidence of these burns. The long latency between initial injury and presentation at the Helsinki Burn Centre should be highlighted to health care centres and central hospitals. • sauna contact burns are due to direct contact to hot metallic sauna stove. • These burns are usually small in size. • These burns are typically deep and require operative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: During the last few decades, heavy metal pollution in indoor dust has been widely studied; While, the quality of the environment inside the cars has not been considered enough. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study generally include investigating the levels of selected heavy metals in the dust of private cars collected from Ahvaz city, as well as evaluating the health risk of carcinogenesis and exposure to the dust inside these cars through ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. Materials and Methods: 10 cars were selected for this study. The condition of choosing the cars was not to wash the car for a week. Then, samples were collected and coded from the dust of the air conditioner filter and the cabin of each car. To determine the composition of heavy metals, spectroscopic analysis (ICP) was performed on the samples. Results: The study of non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) in the present study indicates that the values of more than 1 and the health risk is high. The sequence of HI index values for heavy metals was obtained as Pb>Cu>Cr> Fe> Zn> Cd> Ni. Evaluated risks from different pathways in children was HQing

Due to its impressive nature and culture, the Hardanger region was a well-known and popular destination for Germans at the beginning of the 20th century. In the small village of Lofthus, art collector Bertha Rohlsen and gymnastics pioneer Bess Mensendieck even moved into their own summer homes. The expressionist painter Karl Schmidt-Rottluff was also a guest there and created images of the North that broke with traditional ways of seeing. This article examines the cultural contacts between people and landscape as well as the different kinds of cultural transfers that were made possible by the experience of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]