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338 results on '"Unno, Tatsuya"'

64. Effects of digested Cheonggukjang on human microbiota assessed by in vitro fecal fermentation

Author

Vineet Singh, Gwangpyo Ko, Nakwon Hwang, and Unno Tatsuya

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, Gut flora, Sutterella, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, fluids and secretions, medicine, Humans, Food science, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Bifidobacterium, Human feces, 0303 health sciences, biology, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, Prebiotic, Ruminococcus, food and beverages, Soy Foods, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal coliform, Fermentation, Digestion, Soybeans
Abstract

In vitro fecal fermentation is an assay that uses fecal microbes to ferment foods, the results of which can be used to evaluate the potential of prebiotic candidates. To date, there have been various protocols used for in vitro fecal fermentation-based assessments of food substances. In this study, we investigated how personal gut microbiota differences and external factors affect the results of in vitro fecal fermentation assays. We used Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a Korean traditional fermented soybean soup that is acknowledged as healthy functional diet. CGJ was digested in vitro using acids and enzymes, and then fermented with human feces anaerobically. After fecal fermentation, the microbiota was analyzed using MiSeq, and the amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using GC-MS. Our results suggest that CGJ was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce SCFAs, and this process resulted in an increase in the abundance of Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium and a reduction in the growth of Sutterella, an opportunistic pathogen. The metabolic activities predicted from the microbiota shifts indicated enhanced metabolism linked to methionine biosynthesis and depleted chondroitin sulfate degradation. Moreover, the amount of SCFAs and microbiota shifts varied depending on personal microbiota differences. Our findings also suggest that in vitro fecal fermentation of CGJ for longer durations may partially affect certain fecal microbes. Overall, the study discusses the usability of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation (GIDFF) to imitate the effects of diet-induced microbiome modulation and its impact on the host.

Published
2020

77. Differences in the Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on the Anammox Granular Properties to Alleviate Salinity Stress.

Author

Kim, Yeonju, Yu, Jaecheul, Jeong, Soyeon, Kim, Jeongmi, Park, Seongjae, Bae, Hyokwan, Rhee, Sung-Keun, Unno, Tatsuya, Ni, Shou-Qing, and Lee, Taeho

Subjects
CALCIUM ions, MAGNESIUM ions, SALINITY, WASTEWATER treatment, MICROBIAL communities
Abstract

Divalent cations were known to alleviate salinity stress on anammox bacteria. Understanding the mechanism of reducing the salinity stress on anammox granules is essential for the application of the anammox process for saline wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ augmentation on the recovery of the activity of freshwater anammox granules affected by salinity stress was evaluated. At the condition of a salinity stress of 5 g NaCl/L, the specific anammox activity (SAA) of the granule decreased to 50% of that of the SAA without NaCl treatment. Augmentation of Ca2+ at the optimum concentration of 200 mg/L increased the SAA up to 78% of the original activity, while the augmentation of Mg2+ at the optimum concentration of 70 mg/L increased the SAA up to 71%. EPS production in the granules was increased by the augmentation of divalent cations compared with the granules affected by salinity stress. In the soluble EPS, the ratio of protein to polysaccharides was higher in the granules augmented by Ca2+ than with Mg2+, and the functional groups of the EPS differed from each other. The amount of Na+ sequestered in the soluble EPS was increased by the augmentation of divalent cations, which seems to contribute to the alleviation of salinity stress. Ca. Kuenenia-like anammox bacteria, which were known to be salinity stress-tolerant, were predominant in the granules and there was no significant difference in the microbial community of the granules by the salinity stress treatment. Our results suggest that the alleviation effect of the divalent cations on the salinity stress on the anammox granules might be associated with the increased production of different EPS rather than in changes to the anammox bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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92. Anti-viral activity of Hydnellum concrescens, a medicinal mushroom

Author

Lee, Doseung, Boo, Kyung Hwan, Lee, Jin-Man, Viet, Cao Dang, Quyen, Nguyen, Unno, Tatsuya, Cho, Moonjae, Riu, Key Zung, and Lee, Dong-Sun

Subjects
á-Glucosidase inhibitor, Hydnellum concrescens, trafficking inhibitor
Abstract

Trafficking of viral glycoprotein to the surface of infected-cells results in syncytium formation in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Hydnellum concrescens, known as a medicinal mushroom, inhibited not only syncytium formation, but also trafficking of glycoprotein, hemagglutinin-neuramidase (HN) to the cell-surface. Viral glycoprotein is processed within the endoplasmic reticulum during routing into surface. Fungal extracts showed inhibitory activities (IC50 15µg/ml) against α-glucosidase. This suggested that H. concrescens extracts inhibited the cell-surface expression of NDV-HN glycoprotein without significantly affecting HN glycoprotein synthesis in NDV-infected BHK cells.Key words: α-Glucosidase inhibitor, Hydnellum concrescens, trafficking inhibitor.

Published
2016

93. Absence of Escherichia coli phylogenetic group B2 strains in humans and domesticated animals from Jeonnam Province, Republic of Korea

Author

Unno, Tatsuya, Dukki Han, Jeonghwan Jang, Sun-Nim Lee, GwangPyo Ko, Ha Young Choi, Joon Ha Kim, Sadowsky, Michael J., and Hor-Gil Hur

Subjects
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects, Escherichia coli -- Physiological aspects, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, Virulence (Microbiology) -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

Multiplex PCR analyses of DNAs from genotypically unique Escherichia coli strains isolated from the feces of humans and domesticated animals from Jeonnam Province, South Korea, have shown that none of the strains have belonged to Escherichia coli phylogenetic group B2. The results have shown that the relationship between the presence and types of virulence genes and phylogenetic groupings have differed among geographically distinct Escherichia coli populations.

Published
2009

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