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This study sought to examine work-related exposure to trauma and predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms among regional journalists in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, a conflict-ridden area in northwest Pakistan. We recruited 216 KP journalists. Analysis of the surveys revealed a high prevalence of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. All of the participants had covered at least one trauma inducing event. Exposure to work-related trauma, active emotional coping and avoidant emotional coping were statistically significant factors associated with PTSD symptoms. This study is the first to highlight the severity of the impact of trauma on regional journalists in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explains the depiction of violence in Pashtu movies and its impact on the youth's behaviour in Pashtun society. Quantitative techniques have been employed for this purpose for which data were collected from the youth through questionnaire and interview schedule. Data were, thus, collected from 360 respondents using purposive sampling technique. It was found that Pashtu movies have significant impact on the youth's behaviour. Pashtu movies romanticised the Pashtun cultural violence. The primary data shows significant (p=0.000) association between the Pashtu movies and violent impact on the youth's behaviour. Violent character is presented as a brave and honourable person of Pashtun society in Pashtu movies. Moreover, it was found that Pashtu movies inject violence into the minds of the youth thereby making them imitate the violent character of villain or hero in their real lives. It is the responsibility of the censor boards to keep check on the violence which is shown in Pashtu movies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study is designed to understand reporting traumatic incidents in Pakistani media and the individual level factors that influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident and his/her decision of selecting information to include in or exclude from news. This study uses a qualitative research design to analyze the research question. The researcher used in-depth interviews with journalists in Peshawar and Tribal Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Thirty journalists were recruited (news reporters, editors and photographers) working for media (print, broadcast and online), whose primary beat is 'crime' or "violent events" along with other beats. The participants of the study were selected by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Thematic Analysis as a method was used to analyze the data, i.e., interviews with journalists. The data was examined through the lens of the Hierarchy of Influences Model (HOI), which is an extension of the Gatekeeping Theory. The findings show that education, training, experience, focus on crime and conflict, newsworthiness of the story, self-promotion, and Job security influence a journalist's decision while covering a traumatic incident in Pakistani media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic max phase composite (MNPs- Ti3AlC2) was synthesized in the laboratory and used for the adsorption and recovery of hexavalent chromium from Tannery wastewater. Maximum adsorption of Cr (IV), about 99% was found to occur at pH 3, 100 mg adsorbent dose for 30 mL sample and 5 min vortex time in presence of various competing ions. About 98 ± 1 % of Cr (IV) was easily recovered from the adsorbent surface by alkaline leaching. The adsorption process was found to bespontaneous, endothermic, and followed pseudo second order kinetics. Longmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were also applied to the adsorption data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present the analysis of stochastic functional differential equations in the G‐framework (G‐SFDEs) with monotone type conditions. The existence–uniqueness theorem has been proved. The exponential and LG2 estimates have been obtained. We have derived that the Lyapunov exponent of the solution is less than K(1+2c1+4c22). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydatid disease-a parasitic medical condition caused by echinococcus, is one of the oldest diseases known to mankind. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall is very rare and only nine cases have been reported so far in the literature. This study presents a case of primary hydatid chest wall in a patient with right infraclavicular swelling that increased in size suddenly. A 35 year-old lady presented to the Surgical Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital with a two and a half year history of right infraclavicular chest wall lump which increased in size abruptly Upon investigation the Computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest showed a complex multiseptated hypodense lesion in the right pectoralis muscle with no involvement of underlying clavicle or rib. She was booked for exploration under general anaesthesia electively. The lump revealed multiple daughter cysts with the characteristics of germinal layers and ecto cysts of hydatid cysts. The patient had a stable recovery in the postoperative period and was sent home on medical treatment. On follow up she was fine; the wound had healed and there was no swelling in the surgical site. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall is a very rare disease, so this case is a piece of good evidence to consider hydatid cyst in the differential diagnosis of any cystic mass in any part of the body, especially in endemic areas. Radical peri-cystectomy followed by chemotherapy with albendazole is all that is needed for the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various socio-economic and political factors spur the sectarian violence in Pakistan. This research study investigates factors behind the growing sectarian violence in the wake of war against terror in the tribal belt of Pakistan. The main purpose of this research paper is to know the relationship between terrorism and sectarian violence after US led war on terror. Various local and trans-national terrorist groups have fueled the local sectarianism for their own interest. Terrorists' organization have encouraged and motivated local people for sectarian clashes, which have destroyed the bond of unity between the local sects which were existed before new wave of terrorism. The current wave of sectarian violence cannot be controlled without eradication of terrorism of this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic solid phase extraction methods for the preconcentration of Pd(II) and Cd(II) was developed by using reduced graphene oxide-polychloroprene impregnated with magnetic nanoparticle (MNPsRGO-PCP) as an adsorbent. MNPs-RGO-PCP was synthesized and characterized by using Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope. Factors affecting extraction efficiency of the adsorbents such as solution pH, vortex time, adsorbent dose, sample volume and desorption condition were determined and optimized. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, linear range, preconcentration factors, enhancement factors and % relative standard deviations were determined under optimized experimental condition. Kinetic study shows that the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on MNPs-RGO-PCP follows pseudosecond-order kinetics. The values of thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and entropy (ΔS°) show that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. The developed method was applied to certified reference materials such as TMDA 52.2 environmental water, TMDA 62.2 environmental water and SPS-WW2 wastewater with satisfied recovery results. The method was also applied to real environmental samples such as dam water, river water and water from industrial effluent with good addition recovery results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Effect of supplementing cheddar cheese with chia oil on omega fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and lipolysis of cheddar cheese was investigated. Milk fat was partially replaced with chia oil, i.e., 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% (T1, T2, T3, and T4). Cheese prepared from 100% milk fat served as control, ripened at 6 °C for 90 days. Concentration of α‐linolenic acid in control and T3 was 0.51 and 12.55%. HPLC characterization revealed the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, phenolic glycoside‐k, and phenolic glycoside‐Q in T3 were 0.15, 0.26, 0.62, 1.55, and 1.97 mg/mL. Concentration of cholesterol in 90 days ripened control and T3 was 119 and 92 mg/100 g with lower concentration of organic acids and no difference in sensory characteristics of cheddar cheese up to T3 level. These results suggest that concentration of omega fatty acids and phenolic compounds can be enhanced in cheddar cheese by supplementing with chia oil. Practical applications: Health benefits associated with the intake of omega fatty acids and natural antioxidants are scientifically established, demand for functional foods is increasing throughout the world. Cheddar cheese can be supplemented with chia oil to enhance the concentration of beneficial omega fatty acids and phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to examine the role of FM Radios in the dissemination of different type of news and information through various contents in their daily broadcasting. To achieve the objectives of the study, as quantitative methodology, the researchers used the survey technique for data collection. A questionnaire was distributed among 300 respondents in Peshawar city, while data was collected through the simple random sampling method. The findings of the study revealed that each of the eight FM Radio stations working in Peshawar, which cover most of KP, PATA, FR and FATA, have their own objectives of broadcasting, like education, information and entertainment. The study shows that the number of designed programs broadcasted for FM radio stations for news and information fulfil the needs of the audiences in Peshawar. This research has also shown the compatibility with the Uses and Gratification Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]