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The Siberian Arctic Shelf is an area of increasing anthropogenic activity and is predicted to be significantly impacted by climate change. Accordingly, there is an increased demand for baseline knowledge on the scales of natural spatiotemporal variation of different ecosystem components. The study aimed to investigate the spatial variability of macrobenthic communities and associated abiotic forcing in the Ob Bay, a major Arctic estuary. Four main zones of macrobenthic communities were identified: a brackish-water zone in the upper part of the estuary, which was divided into two subzones according to the dominant species; a transition zone at the mouth of the Ob Bay; and a marine zone. This zonation remained stable during the study period (2013–2019) and corresponded well with previous studies in the area. The large-scale variation in macrobenthic communities was related mainly to two independent drivers: salinity and sediment type. The within-zone variation increased with the number of coexisting species, but no temporal trends could be assessed. The study highlights the need to account for the small-scale heterogeneity of benthic communities to understand ecosystem functioning and long-term dynamics, particularly in areas where environmental conditions vary markedly.

In recent decades, the Indentation Size Effect (ISE), which manifests itself as a change in fixed hardness depending on indentation conditions, has become one of the most urgent problems of modern materials science. Research efforts are aimed at identifying and eliminating the causes of ISE, because the discrepancy between actual and true hardness values greatly complicates the task of finding the optimal material for the manufacture of parts. The proposed paper gives a brief review of the theories explaining ISE and its relationship with hardness of materials. A more detailed analysis of the effect of ISE on hardness is presented using an energy model based on the determination of the specific work of plastic deformation during indenter indentation. In all cases of ISE manifestation, a proportional relationship was established between the fixed hardness and the specific work of plastic deformation. Thus, the main cause of ISE is the hardening of the material in the centre of deformation under the indenter. The degree of influence of ISE on the fixable hardness as a function of material pre-hardening was determined. At a high level of pre-hardening (at ε>0.25) the influence of the ISE becomes insignificant, so it cannot be of practical importance. The proposed method of hardness determination will allow to assign material for manufacturing of parts to a greater extent corresponding to the operating conditions.

В статье проведен анализ литературных источников по вопросу организации туристической безопасности здоровья в Арктике. Арктические территории РФ обладают потенциалом и перспективой развития туризма. Часть лиц, пребывающих с целью туризма в условиях Арктики имеют высокую степень уязвимости к действию природных факторов среды даже при создании комфортных условий, которая определяется при оценке уровня состояния здоровья и адаптационного потенциала организма. В условиях Арктики возникает угроза безопасности здоровью, которая выражается ухудшением функционального состояния и обострением хронических заболеваний. Приведены методы оценки психофункционального состояния организма человека в условиях Арктики, позволяющие выявить ранние нарушения адаптации и определить особенности хронических заболеваний. Делается вывод о необходимости, с позиции комплексного подхода, изучить уровень состояния здоровья туристов и разработать программу, которая будет препятствовать развитию дезадаптации и сопряженных с ней патологических состояний. Поддержание исходного уровня здоровья и профилактика развития дезадаптации и сопряженных с ней патологических состояний поспособствует обеспечению безопасности здоровья при нахождении туриста на территориях, входящих в состав Приарктической и Арктической зоны Российской Федерации.

The longitudinal monitoring of patient circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provides a powerful method for tracking the progression, remission, and recurrence of several types of cancer. Often, clinical and research approaches involve the manual review of individual liquid biopsy reports after sampling and genomic testing. Here, we describe a process developed to integrate techniques utilized in data science within a cancer research framework. Using data collection, an analysis that classifies genetic cancer mutations as pathogenic, and a patient matching methodology that identifies the same donor within all liquid biopsy reports, the manual work for research personnel is drastically reduced. Automated dashboards provide longitudinal views of patient data for research studies to investigate tumor progression and treatment efficacy via the identification of ctDNA variant allele frequencies over time.

Introduction The systemic nature of the disease and the use of modern conservative therapy may cast doubt on the effectiveness and necessity of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A comprehensive assessment of the functional state, quality of life (QOL) and subjective assessment of patients allows the most complete analysis of treatment results. Objective Comprehensive analysis of short-term results of quality of life, clinical and functional status and treatment satisfaction in patients with AS after THA. Materials and methods 17 patients with AS underwent primary THA (5 women, 12 men, average age 43.8 ± 3.1; from 33 to 52 years). Cases of complete bone ankylosis of the hip joint were excluded. An analysis of the functional state using Harris Hip Score and QOL (SF-36v2) was performed before surgery, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Patient treatment satisfaction analysis (VAS) was performed at the same follow-ups. Results A significant improvement in clinical and functional status (HHS) and QOL (SF-36v2) was obtained after 2, 6, 12 months compared with the preoperative level (p < 0.05). High levels of patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes were achieved. Para-articular ossification (3 patients, 18 %), a hematoma in the postoperative wound area (1 patient, 6 %), implant dislocation (1 patient, 6 %) were the main complications. Conclusion THA in patients with AS improves not only the functional state but also the QOL compared with the preoperative level.

RELEVANCE. The increasing availability of invasive methods for assessing the coronary vessels contributes to the growth in the diagnosis of myocardial damage in intact coronary arteries. One of the least studied diseases that mimic the course of myocardial infarction is Takotsubo syndrome, which quite often remains undiagnosed in real clinical practice. The medical and economic significance of this disease is determined by the high risk of developing life-threatening complications and the need to provide emergency specialized medical care.AIM OF STUDY. The paper presents an analytical review of scientific medical literature from the perspective of illustrating modern concepts of the most common risk factors, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Takotsubo syndrome. A clinical observation of a patient with verified secondary Takotsubo syndrome against a malignant neoplasm of the kidney is also presented.CONCLUSIONS. For a detailed understanding of the potential mechanisms for the development of Takotsubo syndrome, determining the most informative methods for its diagnosis, developing effective strategies for providing medical care and criteria for long-term prognosis, further large-scale studies are needed. Raising the level of awareness of doctors about Takotsubo syndrome, in turn, will allow timely detection of this disease, which will improve the prognosis for patients and minimize the economic costs of treatment. The exclusion of the possibility of overdiagnosis will also help determine the true prevalence of this disease.

Introduction. Modern methods of stabilizing a frequency of self-oscillations use an improvement of the stability of reactive parameters of the self-oscillators circuit and an increase in the quality factor of an oscillating system. It is also possible to improve the frequency stabilization based on the phenomenon of mutual synchronization of the self-oscillator modes using a multi-loop oscillation system. Previously, a method for reducing a phase noise of an auto-oscillator with synchronization of two modes in a biharmonic auto-oscillator with multiple frequencies was described. The method was developed under the assumption that an active element is inertialess. The idea of the method of synchronizing of the main oscillation with its 2-nd harmonic using an additional loop is based on the consideration that internal fluctuation processes in the active element modulate in-phase all current har-monics. Therefore, it is possible to use this "natural" cross-correlation of noise processes to neutralize their influence.Aim. Building and analysis of a mathematical model of a biharmonic oscillator in order to analyze the operating modes of such generator and reduction of the phase noise of its output oscillation.Materials and methods. The mathematical model was developed by the method of slowly changing amplitudes, and the analysis was performed by methods of numerical integration and differentiation.Results. It was demonstrated that synchronization of two oscillations at multiple frequencies in the active element reduced the phase noise of the main oscillation.Conclusion. In the paper dynamic modes of a biharmonic Colpitts oscillator operating in the phase synchronization mode of two waves were analyzed. It was shown that with an increase in an inertia of the active element, the synchronous mode was preserved. Shortened differential equations of the system for slowly changing amplitudes and phases of oscillatory modes were obtained. The study of nonlinear dynamics and of stationary synchronous mode of the system was carried out by the method of phase space in coordinates of "mode amplitude – phase difference". The conducted field experiment allows one to conclude that it is possible to reduce the phase noise in a stationary synchronous biharmonic mode. It can be used in the frequency stabilization task.

Background Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) corresponds to the modern principles of "biological" fixation as it implies closed reduction and plate insertion causing minimal iatrogenic trauma. However, the lack of direct visualization increases the risk of damage to important anatomical structures. Purpose To develop recommendations in the use of MIPO for diaphyseal fractures of the humerus from anterolateral approaches to prevent possible complications and improve the results. Methods 16 shoulders of fresh cadavers were included in the study. In all cases, MIPO was performed with a straight plate (10–12 holes) and screws (2 proximal and 2 distal) using two anteriolateral approaches. Complete revision of the shoulder area was carried out in order to determine the accuracy of plate location and the relationship between the implant, neurovascular structures and bone landmarks. Results No damage or compression of the neurovascular and tendomuscular humerus structures was revealed. The average distance from the acromion to n. axillaris was 5.8 ± 0.66 mm (range from 4.9 to 6.9 mm). The average distance from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to n. musculocutaneus was 56.5 ± 4.66 mm (from 49 to 63 mm). We observed the difference in location at the extreme pronation (5.1 ± 0.33 mm, from 4.5 to 5.7 mm) and supination positions of the forearm (5.8 ± 0.6 mm, from 5.1 to 6.1 mm) measuring the distance between the edge of the plate and n. radialis. The average distance between the distal medial edge of the plate and a. brachialis, n. medianus was 17.1 ± 2.7 mm (from 13 to 21 mm). Conclusions Based on the obtained data, we offer MIPO recommendations for anterolateral accesses in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus. Compliance with the proposed recommendations will reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage and improve the results of humeral fractures treatment.

Abstract. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AED). However, there were no studies on its efficacy and safety in terms of the correlation with epileptiform activity index (EAI) performed among the Russian population.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of LEV monotherapy in patients with newly-diagnosed epilepsy using epileptiform activity index (EAI) assessment.Materials and methods. The study included 107 patients (46 (43.0%) male and 61 (57.0%) female) with focal epilepsy (FE) (39.3%; n=42) or idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) (60.7%; n=65). At each visit, video-electroencephalographic (video-EEG) monitoring was performed (baseline and in 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of the therapy). Therapeutic drug monitoring was performed at dose titration in 1 month of the therapy or in case of therapy correction. Treatment efficacy was assessed using the criteria of seizure absence (medically induced remission), seizure rate decrease by >50% (responders), seizure rate decrease by

The new COVID-19 coronavirus infection, which has become a pandemic, is a very dangerous disease, the clinical picture of which can vary from mild to extremely severe forms of the course. Currently, there are no complete data on the pathogenetic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, but there are extensive data on the probable risk factors for the development of extremely severe forms of COVID-19. The study of such factors becomes most suitable in terms of preventing their development and influence on the course of the disease in individuals with compromised immune systems and patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission. The article describes two clinical cases of extremely severe COVID-19 in patients with impaired neuromuscular transmission. Based on the analysis of the course of diseases, the conclusions are made about the possible aggravation and mutual activation of the immunopathological process with the launch of the cascade mechanism of the cytokine storm. An assumption has been made about the influence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the severity of COVID-19, which is confirmed by a positive dynamics against the background of administration of IVIG, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), virusinactivated plasma and extracorporeal detoxification methods.

COVID-19, formerly coronavirus infection 2019-nCoV, is a potentially severe acute respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It is a dangerous disease that can occur both in the form of a mild acute respiratory viral infection and in a severe form with the development of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia, specific complications of which may include acute respiratory distress syndrome, resulting in the respiratory failure with a high risk of death. Due to the absence of etiotropic therapy for the coronavirus infection, pathogentic treatment becomes of primary importance. We present a clinical case of a severe form of COVID-19 in a 33-year-old man to whom we administered a new method of pathogenetic treatment of this disease based on immunosuppresiive therapy followed by therapeutic plasma exchange and infusion of non-specific human immunoglobulin.

Background: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) is a rare disease with inflammation and fibrosis of the retroperitoneal soft tissues and adjacent organ involvement. At present, a proportion of RF cases are believed to be IgG4-associated. Aim: Clinical and morphological comparison of the IgG4-associated and idiopathic (non-IgG-associated) RF. Materials and methods: The study was based on a comprehensive morphological assessment of surgical and biopsy samples taken from 12 RF patients. In addition to hematoxylin eosin stained specimens, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) with determination of absolute CD138+ counts, IgG+ and IgG4+ cells in the inflammatory infiltration, as well as IgG4/IgG and IgG4+/CD138+ ratios. Results: The proportion the IgG4-associated RF was 66.7% (8/12). The majority of IgG4-associated RF patients were men, with the mean age of 54.9 ± 10.3 years. Idiopathic RF was found without any gender imbalance in the younger patients. In all cases of IgG4-associated RF, the adjacent organs were also involved, whereas in those with idiopathic RF the aortic wall was involved in only half of the cases. Morphological specimen investigation in IgG4-associated RF showed signs characteristic for an IgG4-associated disorder, such as advanced lymphoplasmocytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterating phlebitis. IgG4+ plasma cells numbers in the infiltrates was at least 25 per high-power field, and the IgG4+/IgG+ and IgG4+/CD138+ ratios exceeded 50% in all cases. No signs of an IgG4-associated disease were found in idiopathic RF, with significantly lower numbers of IgG+ and IgG4+ plasma cells in the infiltrations and the IgG4+/IgG+ ratio below 10%. Conclusion: A big proportion of RF is IgG4-associated, being an intrinsic feature of a systemic autoimmune IgG4-associated disease. The differential diagnosis should be based on the morphological assessment and immunohistochemistry results with obligatory identification of CD138, IgG, and IgG4 expression in the involved tissues. In some cases, it allows for avoidance of an unnecessary surgery. Reliable and accurate diagnosis would determine the subsequent treatment strategy of these patients.

Radon and its daughter products create more than half dose from all natural radiation sources. The radon entering the buildings is emitted mainly from soils lying at the base of the foundation. Therefore, before carrying out construction work, the radon hazard of the construction area are determined. In the Russian Federation, the radon hazard of an area can be determined using radon flux density measured on the soil surface. To date, radon researchers came to the conclusion that the geology of the territory affects the amount of radon released from the soil surface. However, there are almost no studies devoted to the release of radon from the surface of various soil types. The paper presents the measuring results of the radon flux density on the surface of loess loams, porcelain clay, argillaceous slate, sand-and-gravel sediment, rocky limestone, clayey limestone, andesite-basalt porphyrite and quartzrock. The measurements were carried out by the accumulation chamber method using the Alfarad Plus measuring complex. Also, measuring radium activity concentration and soil moisture were carried out. The research demonstrates that, depending on the type of soil, the amount of radon emanating from its surface differs by more than an order of magnitude. The largest values of radon flux density of ~ 800 mBq∙m-2s-1 were recorded for andesite-basalt porphyrite and quartzrock. The smallest ones of ~ 40 mBq∙m-2s-1 were registered for loess loams and argillaceous slates. For soils consisting of small sand and clay grains, a rather strong dependence of the radon flux density on soil moisture was found. When measuring soils with low moisture (2-6%), a proportional dependence of the radium activity concentration on the amount of radon emanating from the soil surface is not observed. The types of soils that lie at the foundations of the buildings, and their physical properties can be used as the basis for classifying building sites according to the degree of radon hazard. Relevant information may be provided by organizations engaged in design and survey work at building plots. The approach proposed in the work for assessing radon hazard will allow avoiding labor-intensive measurements of radon and thereby reduce the financial, material and labor costs of building construction.

One of the serious problems of modern Health care is a new coronavirus infection — COVID-19, which has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization and has covered more than 190 countries. Despite the measures has been taken to limit contacts between people and isolate patients with suspected coronavirus infection, the number of cases grows exponentially every day. Leading laboratories are working on a vaccine, but according to some optimistic forecasts, it may be available no earlier than 11-12 months. According to published data on attempts using various drug regimens in clinical trials, methodological manuals and clinical guidelines for patient management are constantly being developed and updated depending on the severity of the condition. The appointment of a number of drug combinations should be carried out taking into account the definition of an individual assessment of the benefits and risks, because there is ample evidence of serious side effects.More serious lung tissue lesions are characteristic of patients of an older age group (over 60 years old) with the presence of concomitant diseases, such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, diabetes mellitus and obesity, diseases of the bronchopulmonary system and kidneys, which implies taking basic therapy in a constant mode. The appointment of a number of drug combinations should be carried out taking into account the definition of an individual assessment of the benefits and risks, because there is enough evidence of serious side effects, such as the QT interval prolongation, hepatotoxicity, adverse events from the central nervous system. It is necessary to evaluate the interaction of drugs used to treat infections caused by the COVID-19 virus with drugs used in outpatient practice.

Introduction. Today, many research endeavors are devoted to the miniaturization of microwave sources. One of the promising approaches is the use of magnetic nanostructures (spintronics elements), providing a wide range of frequency tuning and low power consumption. The main disadvantage of spintronics generators (spintransfer nanoscillators ‒ STNO) is a low output power of generated oscillations (tens of nanowatts and less). A possible solution is to sum up the power of many STNOs in a mutual synchronization mode.Aim. The investigation of noise properties of two connected STNOs with identical and non-identical parameters in a phase synchronization mode.Materials and methods. A model was developed of two STNOs interconnected by spin waves taking into account thermal noises. Spectral power densities of the amplitude and phase noise were obtained by the method of effective linearization.Results. Dependencies were obtained in a general form for attenuation coefficients of the amplitude and phase fluctuations of noise sources for each STNO. Three cases of synchronization were considered: completely identical STNOs, two identical STNOs but with different oscillation frequencies, and two non-identical STNOs, differing in an allowance of self-excitation by frequencies and amplitudes of the oscillations. It was possible to obtain a gain in the amplitude and phase noise for two identical STNOs. In this case, an increase in the allowance of self-excitation led to a decrease in the level of phase and amplitude noise.Conclusion. This analysis of the attenuation coefficients for non-identical STNOs demonstrates the possibility of improving the noise properties of each of the generators. In this case, the best noise value is obtained for an STNO with greater stability in a stand-alone mode.

Your attention is given to the clinical observation of a patient with recurrent liposarcoma of the left upper limb. According to vital indications with palliative purpose, the patient underwent surgery in the Oncology Department of surgical methods of treatment of FSBI SSC FMBC named after A.I. Burnazyan, FMBA of Russia. The operation was carried out in the amount of interscapularthoracic amputation on the left with resection of the left clavicle, plasty of the defect of rotary musclefat flap on a vascular pedicle after previous surgical treatment previous year in the amount of assertional the left upper extremity with the plastic of the wound defect myofascial flap on a vascular pedicle. Attempts to palliative embolization of blood vessels supplying the tumor node were unsuccessful, and the only option to provide medical care at this stage was surgical treatment. It should also be noted that the patient has a history of cancer of the left breast, in connection with which she was treated about 10 years ago. Currently, the patient is under our dynamic control and is undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy. The postoperative period was uneventful.

The article examines the main principles that determine the order of the psychologist’s activity in the organization. The professional activity of a psychologist is characterized by the concept of an activity approach. The content of the basic normative legal acts that establish the rights and duties of a psychologist is analyzed. The subject of the study are the social relations that arise in the process of organizing the professional activity of a psychologist. Methods of carrying out the work. During the research, the main sources of input data were legislative and regulatory acts, fundamental and applied works ofauthoritative scientists in the field of research. The research is based on theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular, the use of methods of synthesis and deduction, as well as methods of empirical cognition. Conclusions: Based on the conducted analysis of regulatory legal acts, the article concluded that the professional activity of the organization’s psychologist is mainly regulated by the norms of labor and social legislation.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a big challenge for humanity. The COVID-19 severity differs significantly from patient to patient, and it is important to study the factors protecting from severe forms of the disease. Respiratory microbiota may influence the patient's susceptibility to infection and disease severity due to its ability to modulate the immune system response of the host organism.This data article describes the microbiome dataset from the upper respiratory tract of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from Russia. This dataset reports the microbial community profile of 335 human nasopharyngeal swabs collected between 2020-05 and 2021-03 during the first and the second epidemic waves. Samples were collected from both inpatients and outpatients in 4 cities of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Kazan, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod) and sequenced using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Data contains information about the patient such as age, sex, hospitalization status, percent of damaged lung tissue, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, need for supplemental oxygen, chest computer tomography severity score, SARS-CoV-2 lineage, and also information about smoking and comorbidities.The amplicon sequencing data were deposited at NCBI SRA as BioProject PRJNA751478.

Designing and creating a stable functioning ecosystem of the urban environment, endowed with individual features that meet the socio-cultural needs of residents of cities – large industrial centers, is an urgent problem of modern urban planning. The presence of accumulated technogenic impact and the need for rehabilitation measures are the conditions that must be considered when reconstructing and building this type of territory. The design and improvement of the urban landscaping center is a new approach to the use of existing urban areas, based on the principles of environmental friendliness, energy and resource efficiency.

In the Russian Arctic seas and adjacent areas of the Arctic basin, 120 sites of siboglinid records are currently known. Individuals belonging to 15 species have been collected. The largest number (49.2%) of records were made in the Barents Sea, followed by the Laptev Sea (37.5%) and the Arctic basin (10 records; 8.3%). No siboglinids have been reported from the Chukchi Sea. The largest number of species has been identified in both the Laptev Sea and Arctic basin (seven species each). Seventy-eight percent of the records were discovered at water depths down to 400 m. Many of the siboglinid records in the Arctic seas of Russia are associated with areas of high hydrocarbon concentrations. In the Barents Sea, Nereilinum murmanicum has been collected near the largest gas fields. The records of Oligobrachia haakonmosbiensis, N. murmanicum, Siboglinum ekmani, Siboglinum hyperboreum, Siboglinum norvegicum, as well as two undetermined species of siboglinids are associated with the marginal areas of bottom gas hydrates where methane emissions can occur. The Arctic seas of Russia feature vast areas of permafrost rocks containing gas hydrates flooded by the sea. Under the influence of river runoff, gas hydrates dissociate, and methane emissions occur. Crispabrachia yenisey and Galathealinum karaense were found in the Yenisei estuary, and O. haakonmosbiensis was found in the Lena estuary.

Despite a large number of studies, a detailed overall picture of benthic communities zonation in the Arctic fjords is currently lacking. Our study aimed to find out whether there is a universal model for the distribution of benthic communities based on the structural features of the fjords. We examined benthic macrofaunal communities in fjords with various environmental settings on the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Kara Sea. The material was collected during five cruises undertaken from 2013 to 2016. A total of 50 stations located in the five fjords were taken. In all five fjords, macrofauna had a similar composition assembled from a regional species pool, with a predominance of species tolerant to glacial sedimentation and fluctuations in temperature and salinity. Benthic communities changed consistently along the axis of the bay from the outer slope to the inner parts. Biodiversity and quantitative characteristics of the macrofauna decreased along the environmental gradient related to terrigenous and glacial runoff, consistent with patterns reported in other studies of Arctic glacial fjords. The most impoverished communities were dominated by bivalve Portlandia arctica and isopod Saduria sabini. At the same time, fjord walls and sills, characterized by low sedimentation rates, strong currents and the presence of ice-rafted debris, were inhabited by patchy distributed benthic communities dominated by species confined to hard substrates. In general, the distribution of communities corresponded to five zones: depleted inner periglacial areas, the upper subtidal belt with stony substrates, deep inner semi-isolated basin, outer non-isolated basins and upper slope transitioning to lower slope. Our study can provide a reference point for monitoring changes in fjord ecosystems in response to climate change and the potential impact of human activities.

The subject of this research is the image classification methods based on a set of key points descriptors. The goal is to increase the performance of classification methods, in particular, to improve the time characteristics of classification by introducing hashing tools for reference data representation. Methods used: ORB detector and descriptors, data hashing tools, search methods in data arrays, metrics-based apparatus for determining the relevance of vectors, software modeling. The obtained results: developed an effective method of image classification based on the introduction of high-speed search using hash structures, which speeds up the calculation dozens of times; the classification time for the considered experimental descriptions increases linearly with decreasing number of hashes; the minimum metric value limit choice on setting the class for object descriptors significantly affects the accuracy of classification; the choice of such limit can be optimized for fixed samples databases; the experimentally achieved accuracy of classification indicates the efficiency of the proposed method based on data hashing. The practical significance of the work is - the classification model’s synthesis in the hash data representations space, efficiency proof of the proposed classifiers modifications on image examples, development of applied software models implementing the proposed classification methods in computer vision systems.

As a result of global climate changes, negative processes have been recorded in the coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Similar processes are observed in the Urals, including in Udmurtia. In the course of this research, archival analysis methods were used, as well as field research methods. In the process of analyzing archival materials in the Urals, a reduction of spruce forests was observed. If in the 20th century the share of spruce forests in the region was 50%, then in the 21th century it decreased to 35%. As a result of this research, it was revealed that the most unfavorable sanitary condition was recorded in the boreal–subboreal zone of Udmurtia, with a sanitary condition index of 3.2 (from 2.62 to 3.73). The main reason for the unfavorable sanitary condition of spruce forests was the vital activity of Ips typographus L. According to our research, in 11 sample plots out of 18, a high score for sanitary condition was associated with the vital activity of bark beetles. The correlation coefficient of the index of the sanitary condition of plantings and the number of individuals of Picea obovata Ledeb. affected by Ips typographus L. was0.93. Bark beetle activity has increased in the 21th century, which is associated with changing climatic factors. Unstable precipitation over recent years (differences of more than 100 mm) and an average temperature increase of 1.2 °C were observed in the region. The most significant increase in temperature over the past 10 years was observed in winter, which in turn affected the high survival rate of insect pests.

Since the discovery of streptomycin, actinomycetes have been a useful source for new antibiotics, but there have been diminishing rates of new finds since the 1960s. The decreasing probability of identifying new active agents led to reduced interest in soil bacteria as a source for new antibiotics. At the same time, actinomycetes remain a promising reservoir for new active molecules. In this work, we present several reporter plasmids encoding visible fluorescent protein genes. These plasmids provide primary information about the action mechanism of antimicrobial agents at an early stage of screening. The reporters and the pipeline described have been optimized and designed to employ citizen scientists without specialized skills or equipment with the aim of essentially crowdsourcing the search for new antibiotic producers in the vast natural reservoir of soil bacteria. The combination of mechanism-based approaches and citizen science has proved its effectiveness in practice, revealing a significant increase in the screening rate. As a proof of concept, two new strains, Streptomyces sp. KB-1 and BV113, were found to produce the antibiotics pikromycin and chartreusin, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency of the pipeline.