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A pilot clinical study compared the effectiveness of infliximab (IFX) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in treating refractory uveitis of Behcets disease. The study found that both treatments had similar efficacy in the short-term treatment of uveitis in Behcets disease. Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to investigate the cost-effectiveness of infliximab in treating uveitis of Behcets disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Sun Yat-Sen University conducted a study on experimental autoimmune uveitis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting the eye. They found that a ketogenic diet (KD) altered immune cell composition and function, promoting the differentiation of Treg cells and reducing inflammatory symptoms in mice. The study suggests that the KD may have therapeutic potential for uveitis by inducing inhibitory changes in immune cells. The research was funded by various organizations and published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation. [Extracted from the article]

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. has been issued a patent for the treatment of uveitis using endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) inhibitors. Uveitis is an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye and can lead to severe vision impairment. The patent outlines methods for treating uveitis by administering ERAP1 inhibitors and identifying individuals at increased risk of developing the condition based on genetic markers. This research has implications for the development of therapies for eye diseases and conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Toronto discusses the characteristics of ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma among patients with noninfectious uveitis. The study included 216 out of 914 cases with ocular hypertension or uveitic glaucoma, with better visual acuity outcomes observed in patients with ocular hypertension compared to those with uveitic glaucoma. Additionally, a higher proportion of patients with uveitic glaucoma required glaucoma surgery, and the diagnosis of uveitic glaucoma was a significant predictor of the need for surgery. The research findings have been peer-reviewed and published in the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]

A study from Berlin examined the impact of adalimumab anti-drug antibodies (AAA) on the efficacy of adalimumab therapy in patients with non-infectious uveitis. The research found a significant correlation between AAA levels and reduced adalimumab serum levels, with higher AAA concentrations associated with a shorter time to detection and younger age. Routine clinical testing is recommended for optimal therapeutic drug monitoring to prevent early loss of effectiveness in uveitis patients undergoing adalimumab therapy. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06720376, focusing on the assessment of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) in patients with Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). SpA is a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterized by arthritis and extra-articular manifestations. The study aims to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of SpA in patients with AAU, particularly focusing on HLA-B27-positive cases. The research will assess the link between SpA and AAU, with a goal of optimizing systemic treatment and follow-up protocols for these conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Duke University researchers conducted a retrospective study on 74 eyes with endophthalmitis to investigate factors associated with returning to pre-endophthalmitis visual acuity. The study found that eyes with a positive intraocular fluid culture had lower odds of returning to pre-endophthalmitis visual acuity, and eyes treated with initial pars plana vitrectomy were less likely to return to pre-endophthalmitis visual acuity. Endophthalmitis following cataract surgery was a characteristic of eyes that did return to pre-endophthalmitis visual acuity. The research concluded that a positive intraocular culture is associated with failure to return to pre-endophthalmitis visual acuity. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Harvard Medical School examined the rates of endophthalmitis and visual outcomes in cases of open globe injuries (OGIs) without intraocular foreign bodies repaired within different time frames. The research found that while repair within 24 hours is the standard of care, delaying repair beyond 24 hours may not significantly impact rates of endophthalmitis or visual outcomes up to 36 hours. However, rates of endophthalmitis did increase after 36 hours, suggesting that urgent repair is generally recommended. The study included 1382 patients with OGIs and was published in Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of British Columbia compared the rates of post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis between two asepsis groups: aqueous chlorhexidine 0.1% and povidone-iodine 5%. The research found that the rate of endophthalmitis was comparable between the two groups, with no significant difference in visual acuity outcomes. The study concluded that aqueous chlorhexidine 0.1% is a safe alternative to povidone-iodine 5% for preventing endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Adana, Turkey, evaluated the accuracy, reliability, and readability of different chatbots in responding to patient questions about endophthalmitis. The research found that A-Eye Consult and ChatGPT-4.0 provided more comprehensive and precise responses compared to Google Gemini and Copilot. While A-Eye Consult and ChatGPT-4.0 responses were more complex, they were deemed to be more reliable and accurate. The study highlights the importance of utilizing advanced language models in providing information about eye diseases like endophthalmitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, discusses the challenges of cataract surgery in patients with congenital aniridia, a rare genetic eye disorder. The study highlights the successful use of chandelier retroillumination-assisted cataract surgery in two cases, which improved visual acuity postoperatively. This technique, typically used in vitreous surgery, provided enhanced visualization of the lens through posterior segment illumination, facilitating successful cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The research findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach in patients with congenital aniridia complicated by severe corneal opacity. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden analyzed the incidence, predictive factors, etiology, and visual consequences of postoperative endophthalmitis (PE) in relation to three different intracameral (IC) antibiotic regimes. The overall incidence of PE was found to be 0.023%, with no statistically significant differences between the rates of PE for cefuroxime, moxifloxacin, and combined cefuroxime-ampicillin. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogens, with differences in etiology and bacterial sensitivity observed between the prophylactic IC treatments. This research was supported by Kronprinsessan Margaretas Arbetsnamnd for synskadade, KMA, and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Lebanese American University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital in Beirut, Lebanon, focused on the successful treatment of a 16-year-old female with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) who presented with decreased vision in her left eye. The research highlighted the use of intravitreal aflibercept injections to improve vision and resolve macular edema associated with choroidal neovascularization in patients with diffuse choroidal hemangioma in SWS. The study suggests that early treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections may be beneficial in managing these conditions. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome" published in the Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital in New York City highlighted the under-recognized feature of optic disc edema in birdshot chorioretinitis (BSCR). The research emphasized the importance of recognizing optic disc edema as a presenting feature of BSCR, which can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. The study involved a retrospective multicenter case series of 29 patients, indicating that a diagnosis of BSCR should be considered when disc edema occurs with vitritis, chorioretinal inflammation, and retinal vasculitis. Patients with these symptoms should be referred to a uveitis specialist for appropriate treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Pennsylvania examined the impact of a multidisciplinary clinic for patients with anterior uveitis, comparing outcomes between traditional care and coordinated care. The study found that patients who received coordinated care had better disease control, started biologic treatments earlier, and had lower rates of steroid treatment compared to those who received traditional care. The research concluded that multidisciplinary care led to improved outcomes for patients with anterior uveitis. [Extracted from the article]

A research report from Alexandria University in Egypt discusses the efficacy and safety of using a biweekly dose of 450 mg of oral valganciclovir for prophylaxis of recurrent cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis. The study focused on a 45-year-old Egyptian woman with a history of unilateral recurrent anterior uveitis caused by cytomegalovirus, who was treated with oral valganciclovir and placed on maintenance therapy. The research suggests that a lower dose of oral valganciclovir may help reduce side effects and financial burden in long-term prophylaxis for this condition. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution explored the association between Behcet uveitis and neuro-Behcet disease, a systemic vasculitis that can affect the eyes and central nervous system. The research found that 24.1% of patients with Behcet uveitis had neurological involvement, with optic nerve leakage and neurological symptoms indicating an increased risk. The study recommended careful assessment of neurological symptoms and baseline fluorescein fundus angiography for patients with Behcet disease, and emphasized the importance of pursuing MRI for those with concerns about neurological involvement. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Autonomous University Barcelona conducted a study on Behcet Disease, focusing on microcirculation abnormalities and their clinical associations in patients with the syndrome. The study included 65 patients, with 36.9% showing vascular involvement. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy revealed qualitative abnormalities in 47.7% of patients, with a significant relationship between certain abnormalities and vascular events. The research suggests that nailfold videocapillaroscopy could be a valuable tool for early detection of patients at risk of vascular events. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, explored the genetic basis of iridocyclitis, an inflammatory eye disease, in relation to autoimmune diseases. Using Mendelian randomization, the study found significant associations between ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease with an increased risk of iridocyclitis, while Graves disease was associated with a decreased risk. The findings suggest potential genetic links between these autoimmune diseases and iridocyclitis, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Toronto focused on pediatric bacterial keratitis, a type of eye infection, over a 13-year period. The study included 43 cases, with the most common causative organisms being coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The research found that poor presenting vision was the only adverse prognostic factor for outcomes in these cases. This study provides valuable insights into the clinical features, causative organisms, and outcomes of pediatric bacterial keratitis, contributing to the field of ophthalmology research. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in China focused on pediatric uveitis cases in a tertiary referral center in East China. The research found that pediatric uveitis cases were predominantly chronic and noninfectious, with anterior uveitis being the most common type. Most patients required systemic therapy, with the majority showing improved visual acuity outcomes. The study highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment for pediatric uveitis to prevent ocular complications and preserve visual acuity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, focused on evaluating the humanistic burden of noninfectious uveitis (NIU) in both adult and pediatric populations. The research included a systematic review and meta-analysis of 68 studies involving 8403 participants, highlighting the impact of NIU on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Findings indicated that patients with NIU, especially those with comorbid conditions and systemic diseases, experience significant declines in quality of life, emphasizing the importance of validating uveitis-specific patient-reported outcome measures. The study concluded that future research should explore interventions and the quality of life impacts in diverse geographic regions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of California introduced a new surgical technique for implanting Retisert in patients with chronic non-infectious uveitis and extensive fibrosis in the pars plana and pars plicata regions. The technique involved implanting Retisert through the anterior chamber and posterior capsulotomy, eliminating the need for full-thickness scleral incision and reducing the risk of complications. The study found that this approach may be beneficial in minimizing the risk of retinal traction and damage to the implant in high-risk cases. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from University Hospital Dijon in France focused on the medical and surgical treatment of acute postoperative endophthalmitis, a rare complication of intraocular surgeries. The research emphasizes the importance of prompt medical treatment in all cases and surgical intervention in selected cases based on clinical criteria. The findings were presented at the 2024 French Society of Ophthalmology congress and have been peer-reviewed. For more information, the Journal Francais d Ophtalmologie can be contacted directly. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) conducted a study on the Hydrus microstent MIGS device and its impact on patients with hyphema. The study highlighted four cases where malpositioning of the implant led to complications, necessitating device explantation. The research emphasized the importance of early recognition of post-operative complications for ease of implant removal. The study concluded that timely explantation of the Hydrus microstent successfully resolved post-operative uveitis and hyphema, but additional glaucoma-hyphema syndrome treatment was required in all cases. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Peking Union Medical College Hospital conducted a study on the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) in patients with parenchymal neuro-Behcet's syndrome (p-NBS). The study included eleven patients treated with IFX at the institution and combined with other studies for a meta-analysis. Results showed that IFX was effective and relatively safe for p-NBS, with most patients showing clinical response and radiological improvement. The research concluded that patients should be re-evaluated after 3 months of IFX to determine further therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Capital Institute of Pediatrics in Beijing, China, focused on the clinical characteristics of coronary artery involvement in children with Behcet's syndrome. The research found that vascular involvement is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of Behcet's syndrome, with coronary involvement being rare in children and predominantly presenting as coronary dilatation. Early coronary artery screening in children with Behcet's syndrome is recommended to improve diagnosis and prognosis. The study emphasized the importance of early combined medication to manage the condition effectively. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, explores the impact of immune responses on chorioretinitis and retinal pathology following neonatal CMV infection. The research suggests that immune responses play a crucial role in driving pathology in the neonatal eye after CMV infection. This study provides valuable insights into congenital retinal diseases and highlights the importance of understanding the immune system's role in ocular health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan have developed a consensus on the use of corticosteroids for treating non-infectious uveitis. The study involved a thorough literature review and discussions among ophthalmologists and a rheumatologist. The consensus emphasizes the importance of strategic tapering, alternative therapies, and patient-centric care in managing uveitis. This research provides valuable guidelines for practitioners in Taiwan, considering local health policies and the latest evidence in the field. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Saint-Pierre University Hospital in Brussels, Belgium, focused on evaluating genetic variants in inherited retinal disease genes in patients with posterior or panuveitis with dystrophic features. The study included 12 patients, with three showing diagnostic reclassification due to class 4 or 5 variants in IRD genes. The research concluded that gene panel testing could refine diagnoses in patients with specific retinal conditions, particularly those in the PURPL subgroup. For more information, the full article can be accessed through the publisher, Ovid Technologies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Charite University Hospital and School of Medicine conducted a retrospective study on the long-term effects of tocilizumab (TCZ) on retinal and choroidal inflammation in Birdshot non-infectious uveitis (NIU). The study included eight patients who received TCZ treatment, with primary outcomes measured using angiography scoring at various time points. The findings suggest that TCZ is effective in reducing retinal vasculitis and central retinal thickness in refractory Birdshot uveitis, but may be less effective in managing choroidal inflammation. Further research is needed to determine optimal treatment strategies for TCZ therapy in NIU. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Narayana Nethralaya in Karnataka, India, reported a rare case of acute bacterial endophthalmitis following scleral buckling surgery with a wide-angle viewing system and chandelier endoillumination. The patient experienced a sudden decline in vision and ocular pain, leading to a diagnosis of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the vitreous fluid. Treatment with vitreous biopsy, vitrectomy, and intravitreal antibiotics resulted in the resolution of inflammation and infection, with visual acuity improving to 6/9 in 6 weeks. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for infectious endophthalmitis after chandelier-assisted scleral buckling surgery, especially when using specific surgical techniques. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Hebei General Hospital in China analyzed infectious endophthalmitis secondary to various ophthalmic surgeries. The research included 37 patients and identified 20 strains of pathogenic bacteria, with staphylococcus epidermidis being the most common. Treatment options included intravitreal injection of antibiotics and vitrectomy, with positive outcomes in improving visual acuity. The study concluded that early vitrectomy may prevent the progression of infectious endophthalmitis and improve vision outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil focused on pediatric uveitis, a condition that affects up to 10% of uveitis cases in children. The study highlighted the importance of early detection, symptom management, and timely specialist referral by primary care providers. Treatment options include pain relievers, corticosteroid eye drops, and long-term medication to control inflammation and preserve vision. Preventative strategies, such as prenatal care to avoid congenital infections, and a collaborative approach among healthcare providers are crucial in mitigating the impact of uveitis on a child's life. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Jeju National University conducted a study on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its association with uveitis, a potential complication in multiple sclerosis. The study focused on the use of eugenol to mitigate uveitis in EAE by suppressing key inflammatory genes. Results showed that eugenol treatment significantly reduced hindlimb paralysis and inflammatory responses in the uvea of EAE mice, indicating its potential as a treatment for uveitis. The research suggests that eugenol's suppressive effect on inflammation may offer new targets for uveitis treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Georgetown University Hospital discusses a case of segmental retinal arteritis in a patient with presumed bilateral rifabutin-associated hypopyon uveitis. The patient, a 63-year-old woman from West Africa with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and pulmonary tuberculosis, presented with acute vision loss and pain in her eyes. Treatment with intravitreal and systemic antibiotics led to the resolution of symptoms, and the patient did not experience uveitis recurrence after discontinuing rifabutin. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring patients on rifabutin therapy for signs of uveitis and considering medication discontinuation if necessary. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Shandong Jianzhu University in Jinan, People's Republic of China, have developed a discriminative atom-embedding relation dual network for the classification of Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) in OCT images. CNV is an eye disease that can lead to vision loss, and accurate classification is crucial for treatment. The proposed method aims to address challenges in distinguishing between different CNV types and the limited availability of labeled data. Experimental results on private and public datasets have shown the effectiveness of this approach, which has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Utah focused on Uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome, a rare condition characterized by intraocular inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, and recurrent hyphema. The research highlighted a case of UGH syndrome caused by the subtle malposition of a Hydrus microstent, which required surgical removal for management. This study, supported by the ARCS Foundation Scholar Award, provides valuable insights into the potential causes of recurrent intraocular inflammation related to microinvasive glaucoma devices. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers in Sofia, Bulgaria, conducted a study on the mutational and clinical spectrum of the Pax6 gene in Bulgarian patients with Aniridia, a congenital eye abnormality. The study identified various pathogenic variants and mutations in the PAX6 gene, confirming the heterogeneous nature of Aniridia and the variable spectrum of PAX6 mutations. The research concluded that the small number of polymorphic variants in controls supports the highly conserved role and nature of the PAX6 gene. This peer-reviewed study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of Aniridia in the Bulgarian population. [Extracted from the article]

Recent studies from the University of Oxford focus on choroideremia, a genetic eye condition that primarily affects males and leads to progressive vision loss. The research highlights the role of autofluorescence imaging in assessing and monitoring patients with choroideremia, showing distinct disease patterns and their relationship to retinal function. The findings suggest potential implications for clinical practice and research, especially in the context of emerging therapeutic options like gene replacement therapy. For more information, readers can access the full article titled "Retinal Patterns and the Role of Autofluorescence in Choroideremia" in the journal Genes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Maharashtra, India, focused on a case of bilateral bacterial endogenous endophthalmitis in a diabetic patient undergoing haemodialysis. The infection, originating from the bloodstream, led to vision loss and photophobia in the patient. Prompt treatment with intravenous antibiotics and possibly vitrectomy were recommended, emphasizing the importance of thorough examination in such cases. The research highlights the unique presentation of ocular symptoms preceding systemic manifestations in this particular case. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, focused on evaluating the humanistic burden of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). The research included 68 studies involving 8,403 participants, with findings indicating that patients with NIU experience significant declines in quality of life, particularly those with comorbid conditions and systemic diseases. The study highlighted the need for validation of uveitis-specific patient-reported outcome measures and suggested the development of interventions to address quality of life impacts in diverse geographic regions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University conducted a study on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis, focusing on the immunoregulatory properties of immune cells associated with the lens capsule during acute and resolution phases of the disease. The study found that immune cells recruited to the lens capsule during uveitis had anti-inflammatory and proresolution roles, suggesting a potential role in suppressing inflammation and maintaining remission of the disease. The research was supported by the NIH National Eye Institute and has been peer-reviewed, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of autoimmune uveitis. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers in Cordoba, Argentina, conducted a study on the prevalence and incidence of uveitis in patients with Spondyloarthritis (SpA) before and after the biologics era. The study included 3984 patients from 22 countries and found that patients with disease onset after the introduction of biologic therapy had a lower prevalence and incidence of uveitis compared to those with disease onset before 2000. Factors such as HLA-B27 positivity, family history of uveitis, peripheral enthesitis, and inflammatory bowel disease were associated with a higher risk of uveitis. The study concluded that the risk of experiencing at least one episode of uveitis ranged from 10% at the time of diagnosis to 47% after 30 years of disease duration. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University explores the role of circadian rhythm in choroidal neovascularization, a condition linked to age-related macular degeneration. The research, conducted on mice, identified key genes and pathways involved in this process through transcriptome sequencing and network analysis. The study sheds light on the regulatory mechanisms of ceRNAs in choroidal neovascularization under different light-dark cycles, offering insights into potential treatment approaches. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in Saudi Arabia discusses a case of bilateral endogenous Streptococcus mitis endophthalmitis following a dental implant procedure. The study highlights the potential for low-virulence organisms like Streptococcus mitis to cause serious eye infections through hematogenous spread. Prompt detection, management with antibiotics, and early vitrectomy are crucial in preserving vision in such cases. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free at https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_121_24. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses metabolic and neuroactivity imbalances in the plasma of aniridia patients with PAX6 haploinsufficiency, a genetic condition causing congenital eye abnormalities. The study found disruptions in lipid and energy metabolism, increased oxidative stress, neurotransmitter imbalances, and alterations related to the gut microbiome in these patients. The research highlights the systemic nature of congenital aniridia and emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary management and further exploration of therapeutic approaches for both ocular and systemic manifestations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of the Philippines discusses a case of acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Pseudomonas stutzeri in a healthy elderly male following cataract surgery. Despite aggressive medical and surgical treatment, vision loss was not prevented. The research emphasizes the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of this rare complication to prevent unfavorable visual outcomes. For more information, readers can refer to the Philippine Journal of Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Linkoping University have conducted a study on aniridia, a rare eye disease characterized by the loss of the PAX6 protein, leading to vision impairment. The study focused on the effects of miR-204-5p modulation on PAX6 regulation and corneal inflammation. While short-term treatment with miR-204-5p showed promising results in suppressing certain factors and enhancing PAX6 expression in corneal epithelial cells, the effects varied across different cell types. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of in vivo treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute in Karnataka, India, focused on a unique case of posttraumatic unilateral carotid-cavernous fistula misdiagnosed initially as a corneal melt. The patient, a 25-year-old male, experienced vision loss and underwent endovascular coiling, evisceration, and prosthetic replacement. The research highlights the diagnostic challenge of carotid-cavernous fistula and emphasizes the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for proper management. For more information, the study can be found in the Oman Journal of Ophthalmology. [Extracted from the article]