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The study of the world’s verbal arts offers an opportunity to consider ways that computational analysis and modeling of narratives may lead to new understandings of how they are constructed, their dynamics and relationships. Similarly, as corpus linguistics operations must define metrics, it offers an occasion to review basic interpretive concepts such as “units of analysis, context, and genre." My essay begins with an admittedly cursory overview from a novice perspective of what capabilities corpus linguistics currently possesses for the analysis and modeling of narratives. Consideration is given to the epistemological issue in the social sciences with the positivistic prescription or empiricist description of units of analysis and the potential pitfalls or advantages corpus linguistics encounters in searching for adequate equivalent terms. This review leads naturally to reflection on the crucial determinative action of context on meaning and the extent to which current computational interfaces are able to account for and integrate into global analysis of linguistic and performance dimensions such as performer, intonation, gesture, diction, idioms and figurative language, setting, audience, time, and occasion. As a tentative conclusion from this review, it can be stated that artificial intelligence for modeling narratives or devising narrative algorithms must develop capacities to account for performance dimensions in order to fulfill their analytical potential., Dünya söz sanatları çalışması anlatıların sayısal analiz ve örneklemelerinin oluşturulması, dinamiklerinin ve birbirleriyle bağlantılarının yeniden anlamlandırılmaları için imkân sağlar. Aynı şekilde, bütünce dilbilim çalışmaları ölçü bilimi tanımlarken, ‘‘birim analizi, bağlam ve tür’’ gibi temel yorumsal kavramları gözden geçirmeye imkan sunar. Makalem anlatıların analizi ve örneklemleri için bütünce dilbilimin hâlihazırda sahip olduğu yeni bir bakış açısıyla aslen yüzeysel bir incelemeyle başlamaktadır. Bütünce dilbilimin yeterli ve eşdeğer terimleri aramayla uğraşırken karşılaştığı birimlerin analizi ve olası güçlükler ya da avantajları pozitivist kurallar ya da ampirisizm tanımlamalarıyla birlikte sosyal bilimlerdeki epistemolojik (bilgikuramsal) mesele göz önüne alınmıştır. Bu inceleme doğal olarak bağlamın anlam üzerindeki önemli belirleyici etkisine ve halihazırdaki sayısal arabilimleri hesaplama, küresel dilbilim analiziyle ve konuşmacı, tonlama, el hareketleri, diksiyon, deyimler, mecazi söyleyişler, yer, seyirci, zaman ve olay gibi uygulama boyutlarıyla birleşmeye yol açmaktadır. Bu incelemeden çıkan kesin olmayan sonuç şudur: örnekleme anlatılar için olan yapay zeka ya da düzenleyici anlatı algoritmaları kapasitelerini analitik yeterliliklerini yerine getirebilmek amacıyla performans boyutlarını hesaplamak için geliştirmelidir.

This Discussion Paper presents the approach, findings, and recommendations from a desk review of the qualitative research conducted within Results-Based Financing programmes (RBF) under the Health Results Innovations Trust Fund (HRITF). The review included 17 studies conducted in Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, DRC, Ethiopia, Haiti, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The studies reveal a body of high quality work that is consistent with the conceptual framework of RBF schemes, supported by political will, resources, and research capacity. Strengthening the added value of qualitative inquiry in on-going and future qualitative studies may be enabled by small shifts in thinking and practice, in line with a qualitative research paradigm. First, in order to better ground research in an existing country and system specific context, some interrogation of constructs and posited relationships in the existing conceptual framework for intervention/evaluation may be required. Second, to enable more in-depth and richer data that documents working practices and relations under RBF schemes, training of local researchers should place stronger emphasis on entry to the field, gaining trust, building rapport, and sustaining a dialogue with key informants. Third, smaller, more intensive and focused studies targeting fewer sites and smaller samples - but addressing a wider range of methods and informants within the health system - are likely to yield richer data that can support the understanding of how health workers and managers are responding to schemes, and what impact schemes have on service volumes and outputs.

International audience; This chapter focuses on the contribution to webconferencing based pedagogical synchronous interactions of meaning-making multimodal resources (spoken language as well as gesture, gaze, body posture and movement). The first part of the chapter explores different methodological approaches to the analysis of multimodal semiotic resources in online pedagogical interactions. Having presented an overview of what research into synchronous web-mediated online interaction can bring to the field of CALL, we discuss the importance of determining the relevant units of analysis which will impact on the granularity of transcription and orient the ensuing analyses. With reference to three of our own studies, we then explore different methods for studying multimodal online exchanges depending on the research questions and units of analysis under investigation. To illustrate the various ethical, epistemological and methodological issues at play in the qualitative examination of multimodal corpora, the second part of the chapter presents a case study that identifies the different steps involved when studying online pedagogical exchanges, from the initial data collection phase to the transcription of extracts of the corpus for publication.

This paper identifies novel approaches to future small and medium enterprise (SME) research from a review of articles, and then introduces the papers in this AJIS special section which evidence these approaches. More specifically, the paper makes an important contribution by reviewing 61 articles in high ranked IS journals (2000-2014) and introducing three new facets which are used to analyse research on SME adoption/use of IS (units of analysis, SME sizes and SME types) not considered in previous literature review studies. These facets provide the basis for proposing various future research opportunities. The editorial then introduces the four papers in this special section covering the research theme on SMEs, and highlights the contributions they make using the three facets.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav politologie Bakalářská práce Markéta Kocmanová Možnosti psychologického zkoumání v mezinárodních vztazích On Psychological Methods in International Relations Abstract The thesis provides an introduction to the employment of theoretical models of general and primarily social psychology while exploring global politics against the background of a holistically conceived dynamic model of the system of international relations. Central focus is directed at the phenomena undermining security stability at the sub-system level, i.e. the genesis of aggression and dynamics of conflict through the concept of perception as well as the dichotomy of collectivistic and individualistic cultures. The practical part performs an in-depth analysis of political radicalization while depicting the mechanisms of the pyramid model of radicalization. The overall theoretical framework is accompanied by a number of illustrative examples of both historical event and current international politics which are presented in relation to the specific actors within the system.

Neste artigo, são discutidas as possibilidades de delimitação das unidades de análise na ciência da informação, a partir da utilização de categorias teórico-metodológicas provenientes das ciências sociais. Na primeira parte do artigo, são apresentadas estas categorias, na forma de dicotomias: individualismo versus coletivismo metodológico e ação versus estrutura. Na segunda parte, procura-se responder principalmente à seguinte questão: estas dicotomias podem nortear a delimitação e a investigação das unidades de análise em ciência da informação? Para responder a esta questão, analisam-se dissertações de mestrado no campo da ciência da informação. This article discusses the possibilities of delimiting units of analysis using methodological and theoretical categories from Social Science. In the first part, it presents such categories within dichotomies such as: methodological individualism versus methodological coletivism and action versus framework. In the second part, it makes an attemp to answer the following question: How can these dichotomies help the investigation of such units of analysis? In order to carry out this task, a matrix of dissertation studies belonging the information science field was used.

El objetivo es presentar categorías construidas por Vigotsky desde un enfoque psicológico y educativo, para enriquecer perspectivas sobre relaciones entre adolescentes y escuelas, integrando el contexto social e histórico en el que se inscriben. Se problematiza la concepción de fracaso escolar y de educabilidad de los sujetos, que los reduce a problemas individuales. Los textos de Vigotsky en Paidología del adolescente, escritos hace casi ochenta años, anticipan y proveen insumos significativos para la agenda de problemas contemporáneos sobre el desarrollo de los sujetos y las prácticas educativas. Se enfocan las unidades de análisis en el estudio de fenómenos psicoeducativos, para explicar y comprender conductas, funciones y procesos, desde planos personales, interpersonales y socioculturales. El recorrido del autor, pionero del enfoque sociohistórico-cultural, abarca dimensiones complejas, como intereses, pensamiento conceptual, imaginación y personalidad, analizando los procesos psíquicos superiores como desarrollos de la historia cultural de los adolescentes. Se articula el análisis de la obra con la revisión que autores contemporáneos post-vigotskianos realizan de la categoría de Zona de Desarrollo Próximo. La lectura puede ampliar la perspectiva de agentes psicoeducativos sobre problemas y estrategias de intervención, tomando distancia de una lógica aplicacionista y enriqueciendo las lógicas de implicación y transformación situacional., The aim is to present categories constructed by Vigotsky from a psychological and educational framework, lo enrich the perspectives on relations between young people and schools, integrating the historic and social context in which they happen. It is questioned the conception of school failure and conditions of upbringing in the subjects that reduce them to individual problems. Vigotsky's texts in "Adolescent Paidology", written almost eighty years ago, anticipate and offer meaningful issues for current "problems agenda" related to development of subjects and school practice. Units of analysis are focused for explaining and understanding behaviors, functions and processes, from personal, inter-personal and socio-cultural layers. The author, pioneer of socio-historic-cultural framework, displays complex dimensions as Interests, Conceptual Thinking, Imagination and Personality, analyzing the higher psychological processes involved as developments of the cultural history of adolescents. This work presents a link between that Vigotsky piece of work analysis and the revision that post-vigotskian contemporary authors have developed on the category of Zone of Proximal Development. The reading can broaden the perspective of psychoieducational agents about problems and strategies of intervention, getting distance from an aplicationist logic, and broadening the logics of involvement and situational transformations., Facultad de Psicología

Reflecte-se aqui sobre os caminhos e opções assumidas numa pesquisa que analisa os fenómenos de mudança social e a emergência de novos estilos de vida, tomando como referencial empírico o fenómeno do viver só,numaperspectiva comparativa à escala europeia. This paper reflects on the paths and options taken in a piece of research that analyses the phenomena of social change and the appearance of new lifestyles, taking the phenomenon of living alone as the empirical point of reference, from a comparative perspective on a European scale. Réflexion sur les chemins et les choix assumés dans une recherche qui analyse les phénomènes de changement social et l’émergence de nouveaux styles de vie, en prenant comme repère empirique le phénomène du vivre seul, dans une approche comparative à l’échelle européenne. Se reflexiona aquí, sobre los caminos y opciones asumidas a través de una búsqueda que analiza los fenómenos de cambio social y la emergencia de nuevos estilos de vida, tomando como referente empírico el fenómeno de vivir solo, en una perspectiva comparativa a escala europea.

Fil: López, Gabriel E. J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Ciencias Antropológicas. Sección Prehistoria; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. The present work analyzes three archaeofaunal assemblages from the Matancillas 2 site (Puna de Salta). They come from a dump, an enclosure, and an inter-enclosure sector. The objective is to obtain information about the consumption of faunal resources in the human population of the Early Period (ca. 2000 BP). Their degree of integrity was also determined, which gave differential information for each assemblage. The evidence shows the principal role of human agency in the formation and modification of the assemblages, which demonstrate with certainty activities related to consumption, especially in relation to camelid specimens that are the majority in the samples. These artiodactyls were fully processed, as almost every skeletal part was found; the elevated presence of phalanx and tarsus bones is probably related to their very low fragmentation index. Finally, it is emphasized that taxonomic diversity is very low and that camelids (both domesticated and wild) were the main faunal resource for this population of the Early Period in the Puna. Se analizan tres conjuntos arqueofaunísticos del sitio Matancillas 2 (Puna de Salta), provenientes de un basural, un recinto, y un sector interrecinto, con el objetivo de obtener información sobre el consumo de recursos faunísticos en esta población humana del Temprano (ca. 2000 AP). También se determinan sus grados de integridad, los cuales proporcionan información diferencial de cada conjunto. Las evidencias demuestran un rol principal del agente humano en la formación y modificación de los conjuntos, con claros indicadores de actividades vinculadas al consumo; esto especialmente en los especimenes de camélidos, absolutamente mayoritarios en las muestras. Asimismo, existiría un procesamiento integral de estos artiodáctilos, teniendo en cuenta la representación de casi todas sus partes esqueletarias. Por otra parte, la alta presencia de falanges y huesos del tarso, posiblemente se relacione a su bajísimo índice de fragmentación. Por último, se resalta que la diversidad taxonómica es muy baja, y los camélidos (tanto domesticados como silvestres) fueron los recursos faunísticos principales para esta población del Temprano de la Puna