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The article discusses empagliflozin and cardiovascular death. Topics discussed include the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and empagliflozin as an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter two which has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The article discusses background on prescription drugs and their regulation by the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It recommends applying strict liability to prescription due to the existence of doctrine specifically for highly technical goods that are shrouded by trade secret protection. It argues the involvement of a particular pharmaceutical company as component part manufacturers that supply stream of commerce with generic drug warning labels.

The article discusses the early involvement of the American Medical Association (AMA) in crafting U.S. food and drug safety legislation, starting in the late 19th century. The development of the AMA into a "medico-political organization" that lobbied Congress and sought to influence public opinion, such as through the "Journal of the American Medical Association," is discussed, especially in relation to passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the 1912 Sherley Amendment. The AMA's political activity during this time is seen as a positive example of professional interests acting on behalf of public health.

As everybody knows, Coca-Cola is a symbol for the American consumer culture, at the same time, it is a top global brand-value drink. However, at its early stage, Coca-Cola was advertised and sold as a patent medicine for headaches, gastroenteritis, or tonic. If then, why has its usage been switched from patent medicine to soft drink despite its ingredients has been little changed more than 120 years? This article tries to answer to this question by way of analyzing the advertisements of Coca-Cola. Unlike the existing interpretation, Joseph Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola, sold it as a soda beverage. As its sale was very bad, however, he switched its selling target into a patent medicine for the white-collar. Due to Pemberton's untimely death, Asa Candler undertook Pemberton's business. He also posited its goal as a patent medicine. Once its purchasers had been diverse, about after 1890s he also advertised it as a soft drink for the mass consumers. At that time, in particular, Frank Robinson being responsible for its advertisement keenly recognized the advent of mass consumer society in America. Even though this kind of Candler's dual strategy seems to be ambiguous whether it was patent medicine or soft drink, in fact, he seemed to strive for two purposes at the same time. During the Spanish-American War of 1898, when the federal government imposed taxes to the medicinal goods the Coca-Cola Company stood at the crossroad. Furthermore, when the federal government basing on the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 raised a lawsuit against the Coca-Cola Company, its advertising strategy had been changed. As a result, at its ad copies words such as 'relieve fatigue,' 'tonic,' 'nerve' had disappeared, instead, words such as 'fun,' 'pleasure,' 'satisfying,' 'thirst' had shown up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting the national perspective is far more appropriate for his study of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and its effectiveness in stemming the interstate trade in adulterated and misbranded products. Law goes beyond theorizing to examine the cross-product variation in enforcement activities of the Food and Drug Administration as revealed in its annual reports. Again Law finds the market-power explanation lacking. The Pure Food and Drug Act worked primarily through labeling requirements with only limited restrictions on food products "not fit for human consumption."

An interview is presented with Deborah Blum, author of the book The Poison Squad, on Harvey Washington Wiley, chief chemist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Topics discussed include the status of food safety in the U.S., Wiley's career as chemistry professor at Purdue University and the 1906 Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.

This article comments on the United States Food and Drug Administration(FDA). The author contends that the FDA is one American idea that garners too little credit for a century of arduous public health surveillance, regulation, and scientific inquiry. It may be suggested that the FDA is a model for American civic life. The history of the FDA is discussed, including is current state and the scandals that have erupted in recent months. Two episodes have shaped the agency in its history. The Pure Food and Drug Act was signed into law by U.S. President Teddy Roosevelt in 1906. All federal agencies were deregulated in the 1980s. The issue of trust is a challenge that the agency must face in regaining the confidence of the public.

The article discusses implementation of Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Topics discussed include providing standard data visualizations to explore data easily, two year grace period for sponsors to comply by Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act, and using Clinical Data Acquisition Standards Harmonization for letting sponsors to collect data.

The article offers medical care news briefs as of July 1, 2014. The American biotechnology company Gilead Sciences licensed its new hepatitis C drug Sovaldi to few Indian generic manufacturers to allow sales at lower prices. It mentions approval of the healthcare firm Novartis' meningitis B vaccine Bexsero from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It mentions an increase in Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne infections with consumption of raw and undercooked shellfish in the U.S.

Until the 1980s, testosterone suppression for men with advanced prostate cancer was managed surgically, with bilateral orchiectomy, or medically, with diethylstilbestrol, a drug that was associated with a problematic side effect profile. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists, which proved effective for suppressing circulating testosterone levels and led to a significant shift away from surgical castration to medical management during the past 25 years. The luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists resulted in a periodic return of noncastrate testosterone levels once the receptor desensitization attenuated and the effect of androgen agonism resumed. Therefore, the introduction of an androgen receptor antagonist (gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist) appeared, conceptually at least, to be a preferable alternative. The first such agent, degarelix, has proved to provide rapid testosterone suppression without the initial testosterone surge associated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Other new agents in early development include a selective and irreversible inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone, which has shown success in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, and MDV3100, a novel small molecule that acts as an oral nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent. In sum, these latest agents might lead to a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer; however, additional studies are required to clarify the many questions that remain regarding the optimal use and sequence of these agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006. A planned formal celebration will be held in Washington, D.C. on June 30 and commemorative events are schedule throughout the year in various states. The origins of the FDA was traced when U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Pure Food and Drugs Act in June 1906.