577 results on '"Turbidez"'
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52. EFECTO DE LAS SEMILLAS DE MORINGA (Moringa oleifera Lam.) EN LAS CONDICIONES PARA LA CLARIFICACIÓN DEL AGUA DEL RÍO SAMA.
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Castillo Cohaila, Marcial Alfredo and Avendaño Cáceres, Edgardo Óscar
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FLOCCULATION ,WATER purification ,SEED treatment ,TURBIDITY ,BLOCK designs - Abstract
Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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53. Uso de las cáscaras de papa (Solanum tuberosum L) en la clarificación del agua de la Ciénaga de Malambo.
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Camacho-Oviedo, Hansel, Campos-Núñez, Diana, Mercado-Martínez, Iván, Cubillán-Acosta, Néstor, and Castellar-Ortega, Grey
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COAGULANTS ,POTATO waste ,ALUMINUM sulfate ,POTATOES ,WATER purification ,FLOCCULATION ,WATER sampling - Abstract
Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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54. Estudo do Efeito da Colmatação sobre a Condutividade Hidráulica, Porosidade Total e Remoção da Turbidez Utilizando Diferentes Meios Filtrantes, como Apoio à Implementação da Técnica da Filtração em Margem.
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Soares, Marcus and Segalla Pizzolatti, Bruno
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PARTICLE size distribution ,HYDRAULIC conductivity ,SILICA sand ,SAND ,GLASS beads ,LAKE sediments ,COAGULANTS - Abstract
Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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55. Operación del Sistema de Potabilización Isla I en Centro, Tabasco.
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Estrada Pérez, Nancy, de la Cruz, Néstor Adrián Vázquez, García Ocaña, Jesús Alfredo, Romellón Cerino, Mario José, and López Ocaña, Gaspar
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Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
56. DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA SONDA MULTIPARAMÉTRICA PARA ESTANQUES DE CULTIVO DE CAMARÓN.
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Zataraín Delgado, Paul and De La Rosa, Jorge Refugio Reyna
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
57. Mejora de reconstrucción estéreo subacuática mediante caracterización de turbidez
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Venero Gómez, Guillermo, Torre-Ferrero, Carlos, Llata García, José Ramón, Sainz Gutiérrez, José Joaquín, Revestido Herrero, Elías, Velasco González, Francisco Jesús, Venero Gómez, Guillermo, Torre-Ferrero, Carlos, Llata García, José Ramón, Sainz Gutiérrez, José Joaquín, Revestido Herrero, Elías, and Velasco González, Francisco Jesús
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[Resumen] Este trabajo se centra en realizar un completo análisis de imágenes de objetos característicos en entornos subacuáticos con diferentes grados de turbidez, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de las imágenes que faciliten el posterior reconocimiento de objetos y cálculo de su posición respecto al vehículo subacuático mediante técnicas de visión estereoscópica. Para ello, se ha analizado el comportamiento de un conjunto de evaluadores de la calidad mediante una batería de imágenes tomadas con distintos niveles de turbidez para posteriormente poder determinar la influencia de las técnicas de filtrado en la correspondencia estéreo. De esta manera, se puede obtener una reconstrucción más densa de los objetos que permita determinar con mayor precisión la posición de estos con referencia al vehículo subacuático y servir tanto de ayuda al operador humano como para la generación de trayectorias de navegación autónoma., [Abstract] This work focuses on performing a complete image analysis of characteristic objects in underwater environments with different degrees of turbidity, with the aim of improving the quality of the images to facilitate the subsequent recognition of objects and calculation of their position with respect to the underwater vehicle using stereoscopic vision techniques. For this purpose, the behavior of a set of quality evaluators has been analyzed using a battery of images taken with different levels of turbidity in order to determine the influence of filtering techniques on the stereo correspondence. In this way, a denser reconstruction of the objects can be obtained, allowing to determine their position with reference to the underwater vehicle with greater precision and to serve both as an aid to the human operator and for the generation of autonomous navigation trajectories.
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- 2023
58. Moringa seeds (Moringa olifera) and cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) for water clarification
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Mercado Martinez, Ivan Dario, Riaños Donado, Katerine, Meza Leones, María Carolina, Mercado Martinez, Ivan Dario, Riaños Donado, Katerine, and Meza Leones, María Carolina
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Context: The use of natural coagulants for water clarification is being globally researched due to their low cost, high biodegradability, and ability to replace highly toxic synthetic coagulants. Knowledge gap: The water of the Ciénaga Grande (Great Swamp in English) in Atlantico Department, Colombia, is used for cleaning, consumption, and food preparation by the inhabitants of the area. However, it does not comply with water quality for human consumption, as defined by the Resolution 2115 of 2007 regarding the turbidity parameter. For this reason, it is important to analyze the synergy generated by using the coagulant combination of moringa seeds and cassava starch in the search to improve its conditions. It is important to note that there are few reports in the literature on the simultaneous use of these coagulants. Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the clarification of the water from Ciénaga Grande using mixtures of natural coagulants composed of moringa seeds and cassava starch to reduce its turbidity. Methodology: The combinations of coagulants, moringa seeds, and cassava starch, were mixed with a ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40, respectively. The turbidity and pH of Ciénaga Grande water were evaluated. In addition, clarification was simulated in accordance with the regulation NTC 3903 of 2010 with each treatment. It began with agitation at 120rpm for 1 min., then an agitation at 30rpm was carried out for 20 min., and, finally, it was left to sediment for 15 min. Then, a sample was extracted from each jar, and the final turbidity was measured. A factorial design was carried out for each coagulant combination, with six dose levels (mg/L) and one response variable, the final water turbidity (nephelometric turbidity unit, NTU). The analysis of variance ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were carried out using 95% reliability. Results and conclusions: The treatment with the highest turbidity removal (NTU) was treatment 4, which has a 60:40 ratio o, Contextualización: el uso de coagulantes naturales para la clarificación del agua se investiga mundialmente debido a sus bajos costos, alta biodegradabilidad y capacidad de sustituir a los coagulantes sintéticos altamente tóxicos. Vacío de conocimiento: el agua de la Ciénaga Grande del departamento del Atlántico en Colombia se utiliza para labores de limpieza, consumo y preparación de alimentos por los pobladores de la zona. Sin embargo, no cumple con la calidad del agua para consumo en relación al parámetro turbidez, definida por la Resolución 2115 de 2007; por tal motivo, es importante analizar la sinergia que se genera al emplear la combinación coagulante de semillas de moringa y almidón de yuca, en la búsqueda por mejorar sus condiciones. Es importante destacar que se presentan escasos reportes en la literatura sobre el uso simultáneo de estos coagulantes. Propósito: la presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la clarificación del agua de la Ciénaga Grande empleando mezclas de coagulantes naturales, conformadas por semillas de moringa y almidón de yuca para reducir su turbidez. Metodología: las combinaciones de coagulantes, semillas de moringa y almidón de yuca, se mezclaron con una relación 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 y 60:40, respectivamente. Se evaluó la turbidez y el pH al agua de la Ciénaga Grande; además, se simuló su clarificación según la NTC 3903 de 2010 con cada tratamiento; se inició con una agitación a 120 rpm por un tiempo de 1 min, después se realizó por 20 min una agitación a 30 rpm y finalmente, durante 15 min, se dejó sedimentar; después, de cada jarra se extrajo una muestra y se midió la turbidez final; se llevó a cabo un diseño factorial para cada combinación coagulante, con 6 niveles de dosis (mg/L) y una variable respuesta, turbidez final del agua (UNT), utilizando una confiabilidad del 95% se realizó un análisis de varianza ANOVA y el test de Duncan. Resultados y conclusiones: el tratamiento con mayor remoción de turbidez fue 4 UNT que ti
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- 2023
59. Review on water clarification and the use of moringa seeds, Moringa oleifera Lam
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Marcial Alfredo Castillo Cohaila
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semilla de moringa ,water clarification ,General Medicine ,water treatment ,turbidez ,clarificación del agua ,moringa seed ,tratamiento del agua ,turbidity - Abstract
Resumen: La clarificación del agua es parte importante en el proceso del tratamiento del agua, el cual fundamentalmente se realiza utilizando sustancias inorgánicas, siendo posible también la utilización de sustancias orgánicas. Las semillas obtenidas de las vainas que produce el árbol conocido como moringa, tiene, entre sus múltiples beneficios reportados, su uso para la clarificación del agua. El objetivo de la presente revisión es difundir los trabajos realizados sobre el tratamiento del agua y la aplicación de las semillas de moringa, Moringa oleifera Lam., en la clarificación del agua como tratamiento primario en la eliminación de sólidos finos en suspensión. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de investigaciones publicadas en revistas indexadas en bases de datos de Latindesk, Scielo, Scientific Research, Redalyc y repositorios académicos publicados especialmente en español y algunos en inglés y portugués. Como resultado se citan los métodos tradicionales de purificación de agua y los tratamientos naturales, entre los que se destaca el uso de semillas de moringa, habiéndose realizado en diferentes partes del mundo estudios, que ponen en evidencia el potencial que tienen estas semillas para el tratamiento del agua, con la ventaja de no dejar residuos tóxicos en el agua tratada, comparativamente con el sulfato de aluminio que es el compuesto químico que generalmente se utiliza como agente coagulante en la potabilización del agua. Abstract: Water clarification is an important part of the water treatment process, which is basically carried out using inorganic substances, although the use of organic substances is also possible. The seeds obtained from the pods produced by the tree known as moringa, have, among its many reported benefits, their use for water clarification. The objective of this review is to disseminate the work carried out on water treatment and the application of moringa seeds, Moringa oleifera Lam., in water clarification as a primary treatment for the removal of fine suspended solids. For this, a bibliographic review of research published in journals indexed in Latindesk, Scielo, Scientific Research, Redalyc databases and academic repositories published especially in Spanish and some in English and Portuguese was carried out. As a result, traditional methods of water purification and natural treatments are cited, among which the use of moringa seeds stands out, having carried out studies in different parts of the world, which show the potential of these seeds for the treatment of the water, with the advantage of not leaving toxic residues in the treated water, compared to aluminum sulfate, which is the chemical compound that is generally used as a coagulating agent in the purification of water.
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- 2023
60. VARIACIÓN ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DEL COEFICIENTE DE ATENUACIÓN DE LA LUZ EN LA BAHIA DE CIENFUEGOS, CUBA/ Spatial temporal behavior of light attenuation coefficient of Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba
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Aimee Valle-Pombrol, Dailé Avila-Alonso, Alain Muñoz-Caravaca, Rolando Cárdenas-Ortiz, and David J. Castro- Rodríguez
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attenuation coefficient ,optical type ,turbidity ,coastal area ,estuary ,coeficiente de atenuación ,clasificación óptica ,turbidez ,zona costera ,estuario ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
En este trabajo se clasificaron ópticamente 16 estaciones en la bahía de Cienfuegos en el período de 2009 a 2014 y se determinó la variación espacio-temporal del coeficiente de atenuación promedio de la luz, así como su relación con la clorofila a y los sólidos suspendidos. El coeficiente de atenuación promedio se estimó a partir de una relación empírica con la profundidad de Secchi y se comparó con los correspondientes determinados por Jerlov (1976) para determinar el tipo óptico de agua de cada estación. Se obtuvo un predominio de las aguas tipo C9 (más turbias), lo cual es reportado fundamentalmente en la desembocadura de los ríos, principalmente en el lóbulo norte de la bahía sometido a presiones antrópicas. La mayor variación de la atenuación se detectó entre los períodos de seca y lluvia, mostrando los mayores valores en lluvia presumiblemente debido al incremento de la concentración de nutrientes y de la turbulencia en la columna de agua. La variación espacial indicó que las estaciones 1 y 16 mostraron los mínimos y máximos valores de atenuación respectivamente debido a sus características hidrodinámicas. La relación del coeficiente de atenuación con los sólidos suspendidos en la superficie y a su vez el coeficiente de atenuación con la clorofila a arrojaron una marcada relación multifactorial. ABSTRACT In this work, 16 stations in Cienfuegos Bay were optically classified in the period from 2009 to 2014 and the spatio-temporal variation of the average attenuation coefficient of light was determined, as well as its relationship with chlorophyll a and suspended solids. The average attenuation coefficient was estimated from an empirical relationship with the Secchi depth and was compared with the corresponding ones determined by Jerlov (1976) to determine the optical type of water of each station. A predominance of C9 (more turbid) water was obtained, which was mainly reported in the mouths of the rivers, mainly in the northern lobe of the bay subjected to anthropization. The greatest variation of the attenuation was detected between the periods of drought and rain, showing the highest values in rain due to the increase of the nutrient concentration and the turbulence in the water column. The spatial variation indicated that stations 1 and 16 showed minimum and maximum attenuation values respectively due to their hydrodynamic characteristics. The relationship of the attenuation coefficient with suspended solids on the surface and in turn the attenuation coefficient with chlorophyll a showed a marked multifactorial relationship.
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- 2017
61. Caracterización óptica de las lagunas Sauce Grande y Chasicó (Provincia de Buenos Aires)
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Vanesa Y. Bohn, María Cintia Piccolo, Gerardo M. E. Perillo, Paula D. Pratolongo, and Claudia F. Fornerón
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zonas ópticas ,clorofila a ,turbidez ,laguna ,Argentina ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Animal biochemistry ,QP501-801 - Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características ópticas y los parámetros físicos y químicos para determinar las zonas en las lagunas de Sauce Grande y Chasicó (Provincia de Buenos Aires). Se usó un espectrorradiómetro portátil para obtener los espectros de reflectancia. Las mediciones se realizaron en febrero de 2010. Los valores de clorofila a se obtuvieron en el laboratorio a partir de muestras de agua oobtenidas en superficie. Se utilizó una sonda multiparamétrica para obtener los parámetros in situ. La transparencia del agua se estimó utilizando un disco Secchi. Como resultado del análisis estadístico por la firma espectral del agua, se obtuvieron 3 zonas en cada lago. En la laguna Chasicó, la zona 1 representaba la zona centro-sur del lago; la zona 2 coincidió con la NW en el lago, mientras que la zona 3 se relacionó con la desembocadura del río Chasicó. En el lago poco profundo de Sauce Grande, las subzonas representaban: el área NNE en el lago (zona 1); E y SE del cuerpo de agua (zona 2) y la desembocadura del río Sauce Grande (zona 3). La profundidad máxima en el lago Chasicó fue de 9 m, mientras que en la salsa Sauce Grande fue de 1,50 m. Como consecuencia, los valores de reflectancia en el ambiente poco profundo de Sauce Grande superaron el 8% y en el lago Chasicó los valores de reflectancia no superaron el 6%. Aunque ambos cuerpos de agua son poco profundos, el efecto desde el fondo fue más evidente en Sauce Grande que en Chasicó.
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- 2019
62. Análise da comportamento espectral da água do Rio Doce, Brasil, mediante o rompimento da barragem de sedimentos da empresa SAMARCO
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Laura Thebit-Almeida, Felipe Bernardes-Silva, Micael de Souza Fraga, Rayssa Balieiro-Ribeiro, María Camila Alves-Ramos, and Roberto Avelino-Cecílio
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Reflêctância ,Turbidez ,Sensoriamento Remoto. ,Technology - Abstract
A Barragem de Fundão, localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Doce, Brasil, destinava-se ao acúmulo de sedimentos das atividades de extração de minério de ferro da empresa SAMARCO. Esta barragem rompeu-se no dia 5 de novembro de 2015, causando enorme desastre ambiental em todos os cursos d’agua à jusante, até atingir o Oceano Atlântico. A lama de rejeitos atingiu o Rio Doce e alterou a qualidade da água para captação e consumo em diversos municípios, sendo um desses o de Governador Valadares (MG). Sabe-se que, dentro das aplicações do sensoriamento remoto para a engenharia, a análise visual e do comportamento espectral dos alvos auxilia a tomada de decisão para a recuperação e o manejo de bacias hidrográficas. Desta forma, analisou-se o comportamento espectral da água e do NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) de seis imagens do Landsat 8 para o município de Governador Valadares, sendo duas antes, e quatro após o rompimento da barragem (datas 05/08/2014; 25/09/2015; 12/11/2015, 16/02/2016; 10/08/2016 e 10/06/2017). Em escala de 0-1, o pico de reflectância da água antes ao ocorrido (05/08/2014) era da banda do verde, de 0,048. A imagem referente ao dia 12/11/2015, logo após o rompimento, apresentou maior reflectância em todas as bandas, com maior pico na infravermelho próximo (0,48), banda esta correspontente à resposta dos alvos sólidos suspensos na água e vegetação, bem como elevação do NDWI. A reflectância foi reduzida após 8 meses do desastre, entretanto em nenhuma data analisada o comportamento espectral equivaleu-se ao observado antes do desastre ambiental.
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- 2019
- Full Text
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63. Study and Design of a Sensor System for the Detection of Illicit Discharges in Sewers and Water Bodies
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Rocher Morant, Javier
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Turbidez ,Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ,Conductivity ,INGENIERÍA TELEMÁTICA ,Illicit discharge ,Estación depuradora de aguas residuales (EDAR) ,Ciudades inteligentes ,Vertidos ilícitos ,Conductividad ,Sewerage ,Oil sensor ,Sensor de aceite ,Turbidity ,Alcantarillado ,Red de sensores inalámbricos ,Wireless Sensor Network ,TECNOLOGIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE ,Sensor ,Smart cities - Abstract
[ES] El uso del agua en nuestra sociedad es de gran importancia. Cuando el agua se utiliza y deja de ser útil, se convierte en agua residual. Esta contiene sustancias que ponen en peligro la salud humana y los ecosistemas. Para reducir el daño ambiental existen las depuradoras que reducen los niveles de contaminación del agua. En las industrias, las depuradoras se encargan de reducir la carga contaminante del agua para su vertido en alcantarillado o al medio ambiente. La presencia de vertidos ilegales y desbordamientos en el alcantarillado suponen una amenaza para las masas de agua. Estos provocan una bajada en el rendimiento de las depuradoras. En muchos casos no es posible detectar al responsable de estos. Lo que hace que estos queden impunes violando el principio ambiental de quien contamina paga. Para solucionar este problema se propone un sistema de bajo coste para la monitorización de parámetros del agua para detectar problemas en los alcantarillados dentro de las ciudades inteligentes (Smart cities). La hipótesis de trabajo es que ante la presencia de un vertido ciertos parámetros del agua cambiarán lo suficiente como para que pueda ser detectado. Al detectarse el sitio del vertido se podrá acudir rápidamente al lugar a fin de cesar el vertido además de tomar las acciones legales pertinentes. Primero, hemos estudiado otros sistemas para monitorizar el alcantarillado Con esta información se determina los parámetros más interesantes y que pueden ser medidos con un bajo coste son temperatura, conductividad, turbidez, nivel de agua y aceite. Además, de sensores de lluvia para el alcantarillado pluvial. Para la monitorización de estos parámetros se escogen sensores comerciales de bajo coste para los parámetros de temperatura, nivel y lluvia. Para los otros parámetros se decidió desarrollar nuestros propios sensores. Para ello se utilizó sensores del tipo inductivos para la conductividad y sensores ópticos para el control de la turbidez y el aceite. Respecto a los sensores inductivos, se ha determinado que existen interferencias de los sólidos y del nivel de agua en la respuesta del sensor. Sin embargo, en el caso de los sólidos esta interferencia es pequeña en la concentración de solidos que existe en el alcantarillado, siendo esta de 0.078 V/gramo. En cambio, la cantidad de agua sí que afecta a la respuesta de la bobina de forma significativa. Respecto a la turbidez se han realizado dos prototipos diferentes. Un prototipo ha sido desarrollado para cuerpos de agua y el otro para el alcantarillado. El prototipo desarrollado para cuerpos de agua es capaz de determinar el porcentaje de algas que existen en el agua conociendo la cantidad de solidos en el agua. Para la detección del aceite hemos desarrollado otro sensor óptico. Hemos hecho pruebas a distintas alturas de agua. Viendo que éramos capaces de identificar si el aceite provenía de un motor gasolina o de un motor diésel, y en el caso de aceite usado por un motor de gasolina éramos capaces de cuantificarlo. Por último, respecto a nuestro sistema hemos analizado mediante simulaciones la utilidad de un sensor de nivel en el alcantarillado. Hemos detectado que en el caso de alcantarillado pluvial este sí que puede ser útil. Además, hemos testeado en una tubería el sensor inductivo y el de aceite con diferentes concentraciones de sal y aceite para ver su funcionamiento. El coste estimado de cada uno de los nodos sensores es de 120 €. Los sensores desarrollados pueden ser utilizados en otros ambientes. Estos trabajos son: (I) el uso de bobinas para la monitorización de la humedad del suelo, (II) el uso de sensores ópticos para detectar gasóleo B en vehículos (III) el uso de sensores y tecnología de bioabsorción en canales de riego afectados por aguas residuales y (IV) el uso del sensor de aceite en canales de riego., [CA] The use of water in our society is of great importance. Once the water has been used, it becomes wastewater. These waters contain substances that endanger human health and ecosystems. To reduce environmental damage, there are treatment plants that treat these waters to reduce their levels of contamination. Industrial treatment plants are responsible for reducing the contaminant load of the water so that it can be discharged into the public sewer system or into the environment. The presence of illegal discharges and overflows in the sewage system pose a threat to water bodies. These discharges can cause a drop in the performance of the treatment plant, which will cause an effluent of poorer quality. In many cases, it is not possible to detect who is responsible for the spills. What makes these go unpunished violating the environmental principle of that whoever pollutes pays. To solve this problem, a low-cost system for monitoring water parameters to detect problems in sewers within the context of smart cities is proposed. Our working hypothesis is that in the presence of a discharge, the concentration of specific water parameters will change enough to be detected. When the site of the spill is detected, it will be possible to quickly go to the place in order to stop the spill in addition to taking the necessary legal actions against the person who is carrying out the spill. First, we have compiled information about other systems to monitor sewage, With this information, we have determined that the most exciting parameters that we are able to measure at a low cost are temperature, conductivity, turbidity, water and oil level. In addition, the use of rain sensors for storm sewers is included. To monitor these parameters, low-cost commercial sensors are chosen to monitor temperature, level and rainfall. For the other parameters, we decided to develop our own sensors. We decided to use inductive type sensors for conductivity and optical sensors for turbidity and oil control. Regarding the inductive sensors, we have determined that there are interferences of the solids and the water level in the response of the sensor.. However, in the case of solids, this interference is minor in the concentration of solids that exists in the sewage system (0.078 V/gram). On the other hand, the amount of water does affect the response of the coil significantly. Therefore, the sensor must be submerged. Regarding turbidity, we have made two different prototypes. One prototype has been developed for bodies of water and the other for sewage. The prototype developed for bodies of water is capable of determining the percentage of algae that exist in the water, knowing the amount of solids in the water. For oil detection, we have developed another optical sensor. We have done tests at different heights of water. Seeing that we were able to identify if the oil came from a gasoline engine or a Diesel engine, and in the case of oil used by a gasoline engine, we were able to quantify it. Finally, regarding our system, we have analyzed through simulations the usefulness of a level sensor in the sewage system. We have detected that in the case of storm sewage, this can be useful. In addition, we have tested the inductive sensor and the oil sensor in a pipe with different concentrations of salt and oil to see how they work. The estimated cost of each sensor node is 120 €. The developed sensors can be used in other environments. For this reason, we show other works carried out during the thesis period with the developed sensors. These works are: (I) The use of coils for soil moisture monitoring, (II) the use of optical sensors to detect diesel B in vehicles, (III) the use of sensors and bioabsorption technology in irrigation canals affected by wastewater, and (IV) the use of the oil sensor in irrigation channels., [EN] L'ús de l'aigua a la nostra societat és de gran importància. Un cop l'aigua s'ha utilitzat i deixa de ser útil per a l'activitat, aquesta es converteix en aigües residuals. Aquestes aigües contenen substàncies que posen en perill la salut humana i dels ecosistemes. Per reduir el danys mediambientals existeixen les depuradores que tracten aquestes aigües per reduir contaminació la seua carrega contaminants.. Les depuradores industrials s'encarreguen de reduir la càrrega contaminant de l'aigua perquè es pugui abocar al clavegueram públic o al medi ambient. La presència d'abocaments d'aigua il·legals i els desbordaments al clavegueram suposen una amenaça per a les masses d'aigua. Aquests abocaments poden provocar una baixada en el rendiment de la depuradora. En molts casos no és possible detectar el responsable dels abocaments. Això fa que aquests queden impunes violant el principi ambiental de qui contamina paga. Per solucionar aquest problema es proposa un sistema de baix cost per a la monitorització de l'aigua per detectar problemes als claveguerams en les ciutats intel·ligents (Smart cities). La hipòtesi de treball consisteix que davant la presència d'un abocament la concentració de certs paràmetres de l'aigua canviarà lo suficient perquè es pugui detectar. En detectar-se el lloc de l'abocament es podrà acudir ràpidament al lloc per cessar l'abocament a més de prendre les accions legals que siguin necessàries contra la persona que està realitzat l'abocament. Primer, hem estudiat altres sistemes per monitoritzar el clavegueram. Amb aquesta informació s'ha determinat que els paràmetres més interessants i que poden ser mesurats amb un baix cost són temperatura, conductivitat, terbolesa, nivell d'aigua i oli. A més, l'ús de sensors de pluja per al clavegueram de pluvials. Per monitoritzar aquests paràmetres s'escullen sensors comercials de baix cost per ala temperatura, el nivell i la pluja. Per als altres paràmetres, es decideix desenvolupar els nostres propis sensors. Decidim utilitzar sensors del tipus inductius per a la conductivitat i sensors òptics per al control de la terbolesa i l'oli. Pel que fa als sensors inductius, s'ha determinat que hi ha interferències dels sòlids i del nivell d'aigua en la resposta del sensor. No obstant això, en el cas dels sòlids aquesta interferència és petita en la concentració de sòlids que hi ha al clavegueram, aquesta és de 0.078 V/gram. En canvi, la quantitat d'aigua sí que afecta la resposta de la bobina de manera significativa. Pel que fa a la terbolesa s'han realitzat dos prototips diferents. Un prototip ha estat desenvolupat per a cossos d'aigua i l'altre per al clavegueram. El prototip desenvolupat per a cossos d'aigua és capaç de determinar el percentatge d'algues que hi ha a l'aigua coneixent la quantitat de sòlids a l'aigua. Per detectar l'oli hem desenvolupat un altre sensor òptic. Hem fet proves a diferents alçades d'aigua. Veient que érem capaços d'identificar si l'oli provenia d'un motor benzina o d'un motor dièsel, i en el cas d'oli usat per un motor de benzina érem capaços de quantificar-lo. Finalment, respecte al nostre sistema hem analitzat mitjançant simulacions la utilitat d'un sensor de nivell al clavegueram. Hem detectat que en el cas de clavegueram pluvial aquest sí que pot ser útil. A més, hem testejat en una canonada el sensor inductiu i el d'oli amb diferents concentracions de sal i oli per veure'n el funcionament. El cost estimat de cadascun dels nodes sensors és de 120 €. Els sensors desenvolupats poden ser utilitzats en altres ambients.. Aquests treballs són: (I) L'ús de bobines per a la monitorització de la humitat del sòl, (II) l'ús de sensors òptics per detectar gasoil B (sota impostos) en vehicles no autoritzats, (III) l'ús de sensors i tecnologia de bioabsorció en canals de reg afectats per aigües residuals, (IV) l'ús del sensor d'oli a canals de reg.
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- 2023
64. lnfluencia de Ia estabilización final del Brandy de Jerez, sobre los parámetros fisicoquímicos, composición volátil, compuestos polifenólicos y análisis sensorial.
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Valcárcel Muñoz, Manuel José, Muñoz Redondo, José Manuel, Guerrero Hidalgo, Raúl F., Cantos Villar, Emma, Peña Parra, Beltrán, Moreno Rojas, José Manuel, and Puertas García, Belén
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BRANDY ,LIQUORS ,POLYPHENOLS ,FATTY acids ,ALCOHOL - Abstract
Copyright of Enólogos is the property of Periodistas Asociados de Ciudad Real SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
65. Remoción de turbiedad y color en humedales de flujo subsuperficial con vegetación de Sagitaria latifolia.
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García Ocaña, Jesús Alfredo, Broque Alvarado, Lesly Yarenci, Magaña Hernández, Nury Francisca, Martínez, Sarahi Aguirre, and López Ocaña, Gaspar
- Abstract
Copyright of Congreso Internacional de Investigacion Academia Journals is the property of PDHTech, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
66. QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DO RIBEIRÃO SÃO BARTOLOMEU AVALIADA PELO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM PONTO DE CAPTAÇÃO PARA ABASTECIMENTO NO PERÍODO SECO.
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MUNIZ, G. L.
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TOTAL suspended solids , *WATER quality , *BIOCHEMICAL oxygen demand , *BODIES of water , *CHEMICAL oxygen demand , *DISSOLVED oxygen in water - Abstract
The quality of the water collected for supply plays a significant role in the selection of treatment technologies. This quality can be determined in a reduced way through the Water Quality Index (IQA). Through IQA, water bodies can be classified into classes or levels of quality. In this study, the IQA was determined at a place in the São Bartolomeu river, in the city of Viçosa-MG, specifically in the reservoir of water accumulation, located on the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), where has water collected by the Sewage and Water Autonomous Service (SAAE) to supply part of the urban area of the city and captation by the UFV to supply the campus. It was analyzed the physical, chemical and microbiological variables of the water: pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, oxygen saturation, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (SDT), total suspended solids (SST), sedimentable solids (SP), alkalinity, total coliforms and thermotolerant. Collects were undertaken during the dry period, from March to July 2016. The determination of the IQA allowed to classify the waters of the stretch, where occurs the capitation for supply, as of average quality, therefore, are appropriate for conventional treatment aiming for public supply. Among the studied variables only TDS and BOD not accorded to the standards established in resolution of CONAMA 357/2005 for rives class 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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67. Influencia de la Goma de Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) como Ayudante en el Proceso de Coagulación-Floculación para la Remoción de Turbidez de una Suspensión Artificial de Bentonita.
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Valeriano-Mamani, Jappsem J. and Matos-Chamorro, Rodrigo A.
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ALUMINUM sulfate , *TURBIDITY , *FLOCCULATION , *COAGULATION , *CAESALPINIA , *SEDIMENTATION & deposition , *COAGULANTS - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tara gum (Caesalpinia spinosa) as a coagulation aid in the coagulation-flocculation process to remove the turbidity of an artificial suspension of bentonite. The primary coagulant used was aluminum sulfate type A and the coagulation assistant was tara gum. The jar test methodology was used, at speeds of 300 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 5 seconds in the fast mixing stage, 40 RPM for 20 minutes in the flocculation stage, and 0 RPM for 10 minutes in the sedimentation stage. High and low turbidity waters of 400 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 30 NTU were analyzed. The results obtained with type A aluminum sulfate without a coagulation aid give residual turbidity results of 1.09 NTU for high turbidity samples and 0.57 NTU for the low turbidity sample. Adding tara gum as a coagulation aid reduced the turbidity levels in the two sample groups to 0.40 and 0.32 NTU of residual turbidity respectively, as well as a 40% reduction of aluminum sulfate for the tests with the sample of 30 NTU. Tara gum, as a coagulation aid in the coagulation-flocculation process, improves the reduction of residual turbidity by 63.3% in the case of the 400 NTU sample group and 56% in the case of the 30 NTU sample group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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68. ABSORCIÓN DE ACEITES Y GRASAS EN AGUAS RESIDUALES DE LAVADORAS Y LUBRICADORAS DE VEHÍCULOS UTILIZANDO ABSORBENTES NATURALES.
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Guilcamaigua Anchatuña, Doris Ximena, Quintero Quiñonez, Nadia, Jiménez Cercado, María Eugenia, and Muñoz Naranjo, Diego
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RICE hulls ,WASTEWATER treatment ,SEWAGE ,SUSPENDED solids ,CORN - Abstract
Copyright of 3C Tecnologia is the property of Area de Innovacion y Desarrollo, SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Ozonation improves physical attributes in domestic sewage effluent.
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Camilo Júnior, Osli Barreto, Sandri, Delvio, de Alencar, Ernandes Rodrigues, and Hebling, Lucas Ferraz
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SEWAGE ,CHEMICAL processes ,WASTEWATER treatment ,OZONIZATION ,COLOR removal (Sewage purification) ,OZONE generators - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. USO DO MANDACARU (Cereus jamacaru) COMO COAGULANTE NATURAL PARA O TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA.
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SANTOS, Joicy Ribeiro dos and VIEIRA, Maslândia Nogueira
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Before arriving at our houses, it passes for many steps on Water Treatment Stations, wherein one of them it is used industrial coagulants, mainly aluminum sulphate, in order to reduce the turbidity. Even being much efficient on that process, this coagulant shows many disadvantages, as the production in a large amount of sludge (which is dumped on rivers). It is growing the number of research which looks for substitute industrial coagulants for natural ones. Some published works use extracted polymer from different types of cactus. In order to obtain one simple methodology for water treatment, using a natural product on coagulation/flocculation process, this work uses cactus Mandacaru. The used water on this research was collected from Dourado River, in Currais Novos-RN. The parameters of turbidity and pH in triplicate were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the part of cactus between the core and the shell, named extern part, it showed more efficient. Analyses done for 240 minutes, using 1g of that material obtained reductions in turbidity value bigger than 90%. arriving to value less than 5 UNT, as recommend by legislation. There was no significant alteration in pH values of studied systems. Rural communities will be able to use this methodology in muddy water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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71. Removal of turbidity and color in domestic wastewater using aqueous seed extract of Cassia fistula
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Dunoyer, Arnulfo Antonio Tarón, Carrillo, Luis Enrique Guzmán, and Cuello, Rafael Emilio González
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remoção ,removal ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,cor ,food and beverages ,water treatment ,turbidez ,Aquatic Science ,tratamento de água ,turbidity ,color ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Many substances of plant origin are extracted for use in the primary treatment of domestic wastewater. In most cases, they are used as coagulating and flocculating agents and are derived from seeds, leaves, bark or sap, roots, and fruits of trees and plants. In this research, the use of Cassia fistula seed was evaluated for the removal of turbidity and color in domestic wastewater from a pumping station in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). The optimal dose of C. fistula seed powder was determined by jar test using an E&Q F6-300 digital flocculator. Physicochemical parameters such as turbidity and color were determined, following the recommendations of APHA (Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater), expressing the results in UNT (Total Nephelometric Units) for turbidity, and UPt-Co (Platinum-Cobalt Units) for the color. The results obtained show that with a dose of 160 mgL-1 of the coagulant extracted from the C. fistula seed, a value of 34.14 NTU is reached for removal of 62.18% with respect to the initial turbidity value. The color decreases reaching a minimum value of 88.59 UPC for removal of 64%, at a dose of 160 mgL-1 of natural coagulant. The seed C. fistula exhibited good coagulating properties at low doses and can be an important alternative for the removal of color and turbidity in wastewater. Resumo Muitas substâncias de origem vegetal são extraídas para serem utilizadas no tratamento primário de águas residuais domésticas. Na maioria dos casos, elas são usadas como agentes coagulantes e floculantes e são derivadas de sementes, folhas, cascas ou seiva, raízes e frutos de árvores e plantas. Nesta pesquisa, avaliou-se o uso da semente de Cassia fístula para a remoção de turbidez e cor em águas residuais domésticas de uma estação de bombeamento na cidade de Cartagena (Colômbia). A dose ideal de pó de semente de C. fístula foi determinada por teste de jarro usando um floculador digital E&Q F6-300. Parâmetros físico-químicos como turbidez e cor foram determinados, seguindo as recomendações da APHA (Métodos Padrão para Água e Esgoto), expressando os resultados em UNT (Unidade Nefelométrica Total) para turbidez e UPt-Co (Unidade de Platina-Cobalto) para a cor. Os resultados obtidos mostram que com uma dose de 160 mgL-1 do coagulante extraído da semente de C. fístula, atinge-se um valor de 34,14 NTU para remoção de 62,18% em relação ao valor de turbidez inicial. A cor diminui atingindo um valor mínimo de 88,59 UPC para remoção de 64%, na dose de 160 mgL-1 de coagulante natural. A semente de C. fistula exibiu boas propriedades de coagulação em baixas doses e pode ser uma alternativa importante para a remoção de cor e turbidez em águas residuárias.
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- 2022
72. Physiological responses of anti-predation in prey fish to the threat of piscivorous fish in different underwater visibility conditions
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Leandro Fabrício Fiori, Bruno R. S. Figueiredo, Audrei Pavanello, Vander Silva Alves, Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias, and Evanilde Benedito
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Metabolismo ,Hoplias aff. malabaricus ,Astronotus crassipinnis ,Astyanax bimaculatus ,turbidez ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Considering that the anti-predation behaviour of prey fishes may vary with predator hunting strategy, we experimentally investigated the physiological responses of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) shoals to the presence of two piscivorous fish species with different hunting modes: sit-and-wait and active pursuit. In addition, we evaluated the influence of underwater visibility conditions on the interaction between predator and prey. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) prey plasma cortisol and glucose levels vary according to piscivore hunting strategy, and (ii) no reduction in plasma glucose and cortisol levels takes place in turbid environments due to the inability of prey to accurately recognise predators by non-visual signals. The results revealed that the presence of piscivorous fish increased plasma cortisol levels in prey, with no significant difference recorded between the two hunting strategy treatments. We also observed no significant change in plasma glucose levels in different water transparency conditions. Thus, we conclude that physiological changes in the selected prey fish do not vary with predator hunting mode, and it is therefore necessary to consider the ability of the prey to recognise and evaluate danger, regardless of piscivore hunting strategy.
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- 2018
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73. Variação temporal da descarga sólida em suspensão e identificação de minerais a partir de aperfeiçoamento de método de amostragem automática no Córrego Riacho Fundo, Brasília, Distrito Federal
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Igor Guedes de Aquino, Henrique Llacer Roig, Elton Souza Oliveira, Jérémie Garnier, Edi Mendes Guimarães, and Sérgio Koide
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Sedimentometria ,Amostrador automático ,Turbidez ,Mineralogia. ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
Este estudo buscou contribuir com informações sedimentométricas sobre o Córrego Riacho Fundo (CRF), afluente do Lago Paranoá, Brasília, Distrito Federal, historicamente o principal transportador de sedimentos da bacia. Utilizamos método acústico com o equipamento River Surveyour M9 da Sontek, para levantamento de vazão, e amostrador automático ISCO 6712, para amostragem de água e sedimentos, com coleta em ponto fixo em relação ao leito do córrego e coleta com adaptação para amostragem a 40 cm de profundidade da superfície d’água. A mineralogia de uma seleção de amostras de sedimentos coletados foi determinada por difratometria de raios X. Além disso, a turbidez das águas foi medida por meio de sonda multiparamétrica flutuando a 40 cm da superfície. Os resultados obtidos permitiram elaborar uma nova curva-chave do CRF, com vazões medidas em cotas nunca registradas. O novo método de coleta implantado possibilitou obter informações em cotas que não haviam sido amostradas antes e permitiu também diminuir a dispersão dos dados entre concentração e cota. Assim, comparando os dois métodos, com o método fixo obteve-se R2 = 0,28, e com o método com flutuabilidade, R2 = 0,45. A adaptação com flutuação também favoreceu uma boa correlação entre turbidez e concentração, apresentando R2 = 0,92. A análise de histerese mostrou que a maioria dos eventos ocorre no sentido anti-horário. A quantidade total de sedimentos suspensos por evento de chuva variou entre 43 e 1.258 t com o método adaptado, e entre 47 e 10.142 t com o método de coleta fixa. A mineralogia dos sedimentos é composta por saponita, vermiculita, ilita, muscovita, caolinita, gibbsita, diásporo, quartzo, rutilo e hematita. O uso do amostrador automático permitiu identificar maior número de minerais quando comparados outros estudos na região.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. Evaluación del poder coagulante del sulfato de aluminio y las semillas de Moringa oleífera en el proceso de clarificación del agua de la ciénaga de Malambo-Atlántico
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María Meza-Leones, Katerine Riaños-Donado, Iván Mercado-Martínez, Rafael Olivero-Verbel, and Mario Jurado-Eraso
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Clarificación ,coagulación ,floculación ,sedimentación ,turbidez ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
El poder coagulante que tiene la semilla de Moringa oleífera fue evaluado y comparado con la sustancia química más utilizada en el ámbito mundial en los procesos de clarificación de aguas, sulfato de aluminio. Se realizó un muestreo simple del agua de la ciénaga de Malambo, Atlántico, registrando sus características iniciales. Mediante el test de jarras, se simuló un proceso de clarificación y se observó la reducción de turbidez que se obtuvo con cada coagulante. Se concluyó que el sulfato de aluminio disminuye la turbidez en un 96 %, mientras que las semillas de Moringa oleífera reducen este mismo parámetro en un 64 %. Por su baja toxicidad, este coagulante natural es una alternativa para reemplazar parcialmente al sulfato de aluminio.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. Evaluation of electrocoagulation in the post-treatment of anaerobic wastewater of slaughterhouse and packing plant
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Flavia Manente da Silva, Fábio Orssatto, Eduardo Eyng, Laercio Mantovani Frare, Ilton José Baraldi, and Leandro Fleck
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medicine.medical_treatment ,custo ,COD ,Aquatic Science ,Electrocoagulation ,law.invention ,law ,cost ,medicine ,GE1-350 ,Statistical analysis ,turbidez ,Turbidity ,DQO ,Effluent ,General Environmental Science ,Electrolysis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,cod ,Pulp and paper industry ,turbidity ,color ,Environmental sciences ,Wastewater ,cor ,Environmental science ,Post treatment ,Anaerobic exercise - Abstract
The demand for food production brings with it the increase of effluent generation, which represents a great problem for slaughterhouses, since effluents contain higher organic load, requiring adequate treatment to decrease environmental impacts. This study examines an alternative to solve this problem: the application of electrocoagulation in the treatment of anaerobic slaughterhouse and packing plant effluents, as this promising technique is both compact and robust. The removal of color, COD and turbidity was analyzed, and the operational cost was calculated. To optimize the process, the CCRD (central composite rotatable design) methodology was used with two independent variables: electric current density and electrolysis time, obtaining a complete factorial of 2² with 4 axial points and 4 repetitions at the central point. The most expressive removals were: 87%, 80% and 76% for color, COD and turbidity, respectively, the lower operational cost obtained was 0.12 US$.m-3. The statistical analysis allowed obtaining valid mathematical models for color removal and cost and, through the analysis of desirability, it was found that for current density of 8 mA.cm-2 and time of 20 minutes it is possible to maximize color removal (84%) and minimize the cost (0.21 US$.m-3). Resumo A demanda por produção alimentícia traz consigo o aumento da geração de efluentes líquidos, que representa um grande problema para os frigoríficos, uma vez que tais efluentes contém alta carga orgânica, necessitando tratamento adequado para minimizar os impactos ambientais. Uma alternativa para resolver este problema é a aplicação da eletrocoagulação no tratamento de efluente anaeróbio de abatedouro e frigorífico de suínos, por ser uma técnica compacta e robusta. Foram analisadas as remoções de cor, DQO e turbidez, além do custo para o tratamento, sendo que para otimizar o processo utilizou-se a metodologia DCCR (delineamento composto central rotacional) com duas variáveis independentes: densidade de corrente elétrica e tempo, obtendo um fatorial completo 2² com 4 pontos axiais e 4 repetições no ponto central. As remoções mais expressivas foram de: 87%, 80% e 76%, para cor, DQO e turbidez, respectivamente, o menor custo obtido foi 0.12 US$.m-3. A análise estatística permitiu obter modelos matemáticos válidos para a remoção da cor e para o custo e, por meio da análise de desejabilidade, encontrou-se que para densidade de corrente de 8 mA.cm-2 e tempo de 20 minutos é possível maximizar a remoção da cor (84%) e minimizar o custo (0,21 US$.m-3).
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- 2021
76. Evaluación de la eficacia de coagulantes sintéticos y naturales en el tratamiento de aguas residuales generadas en la producción de harina de pescado // Evaluation of the efficacy of synthetic and natural coagulants in the treatment of wastewater generated in the production of fishmeal
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Cevallos Coox, Naomy Nicolle, Burgos Briones, Gabriel Alfonso, and Córdova Mosquera, Alexandra
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coagulantes ,coagulants ,Selenicerus undatus ,turbidez ,Aloe vera ,wastewater ,agua residual ,turbidity - Abstract
Publicaciones en Ciencias y Tecnología, Vol 16, Nro 2, 2022. RESUMEN. El agua residual de las industrias productoras de harina de pescado presenta un alto contenido de materia orgánica, turbidez y grasas, lo que dificulta su tratamiento y disposición final. Este estudio consiste en evaluar la eficiencia de coagulantes naturales frente a coagulantes sintéticos en función de la turbidez y los factores que influyen en ella, mediante un estudio cuantitativo experimental. Los coagulantes naturales usados fueron gel de Aloe vera y mucílago de pitahaya Selenicereus undatus, mientras que los coagulantes sintéticos fueron policloruro de aluminio (PAC) y sulfato de aluminio. Debido a la alta concentración de grasas presentes en el agua estudiada respecto al valor de referencia se realizó un pre sedimentado del agua sin ningún tipo de acción mecánica ni coagulante resultando la eliminación de grasas del 92%. La turbidez inicial del agua residual fue 1130,67 NTU, obteniendo porcentajes de remoción para PAC, sulfato de aluminio, pitahaya y Aloe vera de 99,59%, 99,87%, 62,26%, 75,15% respectivamente, los valores finales de DQO para el coagulante sintético y el coagulante natural más efectivo fueron 18 mgO2/L y 839,35 mgO2/L correspondientemente. Este estudio pretende promover el uso de recursos amigables para el ambiente, garantizando una remoción eficiente de la contaminación del medio acuoso. ABSTRACT Wastewater from the fishmeal production industry has a high content of organic matter, turbidity and fats, which makes its treatment and final disposal difficult. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of coagulants of natural origin versus synthetic coagulants, as a function of turbidity and the factors that influence it by applying an experimental quantitative study. The natural coagulants used were Aloe vera gel and Selenicereus Undatus pitahaya mucilage, while the coagulants of chemical origin were aluminum polychloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate. So that to the high concentration of fat present in the discharge water with respect to the reference value, a pre-sedimentation of the water was carried out without any type of mechanical or coagulating action, resulting in the elimination of fats of 92%.The initial turbidity of the wastewater was 1230.33 NTU, obtaining turbidity removal percentages for PAC, aluminum sulfate, pitahaya and Aloe vera in the order of 99.58%, 99.87%, 62.26%, 75.15%, respectively. On the other hand, the COD for the most efficient synthetic coagulant and natural coagulant, was 18 mgO2/L and 839.35 mgO2/ correspondingly. This study aims to promote the use of friendly resources for the environment, guaranteeing an efficient removal of contamination from the aqueous environment.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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77. Evaluación del comportamiento de las bacterias Escherichia Coli y Enterococcus Spp en un sistema UV
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Lema Chacha, Fabian Emmanuel and Duque Sarango, Paola Jackeline
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RADIACIÓN ULTRAVIOLETA ,INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL ,AGUAS RESIDUALES - DESINFECCIÓN Y DESINFECTANTES ,TURBIDEZ ,BACTERIOLOGÍA VETERINARIA ,BACTERIAS PATÓGENAS - E.COLI - Abstract
Se analizó la eficiencia de las cinéticas de inactivación a las bacterias Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 y Enterococcus sp, mediante pruebas repetibles y comparables, así como la cinética de fotoreactivación y su relación con la dosis en un sistema UV, se encontró que la turbidez tiene gran influencia, mientras mayor sea, menor grado de eficiencia hay. The efficiency of the inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Enterococcus sp bacteria was analyzed through repeatable and comparable tests, as well as the photoreactivation kinetics and its relationship with the dose in a UV system, it was found that turbidity has great influence, the greater it is, the lower degree of efficiency there is.
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- 2022
78. Evaluación del poder coagulante del sulfato de aluminio y las semillas de Moringa oleífera en el proceso de clarificación del agua de la ciénaga de Malambo-Atlántico.
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Meza-Leones, María, Riaños-Donado, Katerine, Mercado-Martínez, Iván, Olivero-Verbel, Rafael, and Jurado-Eraso, Mario
- Abstract
The coagulant power that has Moringa Oleífera seed, was evaluated and compared with the chemical substance more used to world level in the coagulation process of water, aluminum sulfate. There was realized a simple sampling of the water of the swamp of Malambo Atlántico, registering its initial characteristics. Using the jar test, was simulated a clarification process, and was observed the reduction of turbidity that was obtained with each coagulant. It concluded that the aluminum sulfate decreased the turbidity in 96%, while that the Moringa Oleífera seed reduce this same parameter in 64%. For its low toxicity, this natural coagulant is an alternative to replace partially to the aluminum sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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79. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE UNA PRADERA DE Thalassia testudinum (HYDROCHARITACEAE) EN LA LAGUNA DE LA BOCAÍNA, PARQUE NACIONAL SAN ESTEBAN, CARABOBO, VENEZUELA.
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RODRÍGUEZ, CARMEN TERESA, HURTADO, EMIL, ARTIGAS, DILCIA, GÁMEZ, DIMAS, and RODRÍGUEZ-QUINTAL, JOSÉ
- Abstract
Copyright of Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela (Boletin) is the property of Universidad de Oriente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
80. Water quality of the Grijalva river on the Chiapas - Tabasco border.
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Musálem-Castillejos, Karim, Laino-Guanes, Rafaela, Bello-Mendoza, Ricardo, González-Espinosa, Mario, and Ramírez-Marcial, Neptalí
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WATER quality monitoring ,TURBIDITY ,AQUATIC microbiology ,COLIFORMS ,ESCHERICHIA ,MERCURY in water ,HEAVY metal content of water - Published
- 2018
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81. Physiological responses of anti-predation in prey fish to the threat of piscivorous fish in different underwater visibility conditions.
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Fabrício Fiori, Leandro, Figueiredo, Bruno R. S., Pavanello, Audrei, Silva Alves, Vander, de Freitas Mathias, Paulo Cezar, and Benedito, Evanilde
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PISCIVOROUS fishes ,PREDATOR hunting ,HYDROCORTISONE ,GLUCOSE ,TURBIDITY - Abstract
Copyright of Iheringia. Série Zoologia is the property of Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. Monitoring tool for water quality and quick alert of flooding.
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Rodríguez Rodriguez, Armando, Vento Álvarez, José R., Garrido González, Jorge, and Rodríguez Benitez, Vicente
- Abstract
Copyright of Sistemas & Telemática is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. MODELOS EMPÍRICOS PARA INFERÊNCIA DE COMPONENTES OPTICAMENTE ATIVOS EM AMBIENTES LÓTICOS E SEMILÊNTICOS DO RIO TIBAGI/PR, APLICADOS ÀS IMAGENS LANDSAT 8/OLI.
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De Castro, Paulo Henrique Marques, de Freitas Pereira, Adriana Castreghini, and Vizintim Barros, Mirian
- Abstract
Copyright of Ra'e Ga is the property of Ra'e Ga - O Espaco Geografico em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Use of natural mucilage extracted from the Stenocereus griseus (Cardón Guajiro) plant as a coagulant in the treatment of domestic wastewater
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Arnulfo Tarón Dunoyer, Rafael E González Cuello, and Fredy Colpas Castillo
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Biochemical oxygen demand ,Aquatic Science ,coagulação ,remoção ,Stenocereus griseus ,GE1-350 ,turbidez ,Turbidity ,coagulation ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,Chemistry ,removal ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,water treatment ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Total dissolved solids ,turbidity ,color ,Environmental sciences ,Wastewater ,Mucilage ,cor ,Sewage treatment ,tratamento de água - Abstract
Coagulants can be extracted from vegetal material and applied in the treatment of wastewater. These coagulants are derived from seeds, leaves, bark, roots and fruits. This study focuses on the use of the mucilaginous extract ofStenocereus griseus(known as Cardón Guajiro) for removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids, turbidity and color in domestic wastewater from a pumping station in the city of Cartagena (Colombia). The optimal dose ofS. griseusextract was determined by a pitcher test employing an E&Q F6-300 digital flocculator. All physicochemical tests were carried out following the specifications of the standard methods for wastewater (APHA). When 1400 mgL-1 of natural coagulants were used in the sewage treatment, the turbidity obtained was 29.57 TNU, representing removal of 67.24%, considering the initial turbidity. This parameter decreases until 68.61 PCU, for a 72.12% removal at the same coagulant dosage regarding the color. It must be noted that significant statistical differences were found between all tested doses of the coagulant. The mucilaginous extract of S. griseus exhibited useful properties in the primary treatment of domestic wastewater. Resumo Os coagulantes podem ser extraídos de matéria vegetal e aplicados no tratamento de efluentes. Esses coagulantes são derivados de sementes, folhas, cascas, raízes e frutos. Este estudo enfoca o uso do extrato mucilaginoso de Stenocereus griseus (conhecido como Cardón Guajiro) para a remoção da demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5), demanda química de oxigênio (COD), sólidos totais, turbidez e cor em águas residuais domésticas de uma estação de bombeamento na cidade de Cartagena (Colômbia). A dose ideal de extrato de S. griseus foi determinada por um teste de jarro empregando um floculador digital E & Q F6-300. Todas as determinações físico-químicas foram realizadas seguindo as especificações dos métodos padrão para efluentes da APHA (Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater). Quando foram utilizados 1400 mgL-1 de coagulante natural no tratamento de esgoto, a turbidez obtida foi de 29,57 TNU, representando remoção de 67,24% considerando a turbidez inicial. Este parâmetro diminui até 68,61 PCU para uma remoção de 72,12% na mesma dosagem de coagulante em relação à cor. Deve-se notar que diferenças estatísticas significativas foram encontradas entre todas as doses testadas do coagulante. O extrato mucilaginoso de S. griseus, teve propriedades valiosas no tratamento primário de águas residuais domésticas.
- Published
- 2021
85. Limpieza del agua miel proveniente del beneficiado húmedo del café mediante polímeros naturales orgánicos
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Jaulis Cancho, Juan C.M., Juscamaita Morales, Juan G., Villanueva Santos, Edith, Gutiérrez Collao, Jairo E., Dilas-Jiménez, Josué Otoniel, Jaulis Cancho, Juan C.M., Juscamaita Morales, Juan G., Villanueva Santos, Edith, Gutiérrez Collao, Jairo E., and Dilas-Jiménez, Josué Otoniel
- Abstract
El procesamiento húmedo del café genera un residuo líquido llamado agua miel, el cual se ha convertido en un problema latente a ser resuelto para las organizaciones cafetaleras en el Perú con miras a una caficultura sostenible y para una producción que apunta a mercados especiales. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un protocolo para el tratamiento de aguas mieles del beneficio húmedo del café mediante el uso de polímeros naturales orgánicos, preparándose caldos de polímero los cuales fueron aplicados a las aguas mieles. Se seleccionó dos polímeros más efectivos en la limpieza del agua miel, uno de carga aniónica y otro de carga catiónica. Se trabajó con tres pequeñas plantas de beneficiado húmedo de productores cafetaleros de la Cooperativa Agraria Valles del Café donde se obtuvieron importantes resultados en cuanto a la reducción de al menos 8 a 10 indicadores, de 15 indicadores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos analizados, lográndose así superar los Límites Máximos Permisibles de varios indicadores de la norma peruana en cuanto a agua para riego nivel tres., The wet processing of coffee generates a liquid residue called honey water, which has become a latent problem to be solved for coffee organizations in Peru with a view to sustainable coffee growing and for a production that targets special markets. The objective of this work was to develop a protocol for the treatment of honey water from the wet processing of coffee through the use of organic natural polymers, preparing polymer broths which were applied to the honey water. Two more effective polymers were selected in cleaning honey water, one with an anionic charge and the other with a cationic charge. We worked with three small wet-processing plants of coffee producers of the Valles del Café Agrarian Cooperative where important results were obtained in terms of the reduction of at least 8 to 10 indicators, of 15 physicochemical and microbiological indicators analyzed, thus exceeding the Limits Maximum Permissible of several indicators of the Peruvian norm in terms of water for irrigation level three.
- Published
- 2022
86. Evaluación de la eficacia de coagulantes sintéticos y naturales en el tratamiento de aguas residuales generadas en la producción de harina de pescado
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Cevallos Coox, Naomy Nicolle, Burgos Briones, Gabriel Alfonso, Córdova Mosquera, Rosa Alexandra, Cevallos Coox, Naomy Nicolle, Burgos Briones, Gabriel Alfonso, and Córdova Mosquera, Rosa Alexandra
- Abstract
Wastewater from the fishmeal production industry has a high content of organic matter, turbidity and fats, which makes its treatment and final disposal difficult. Therefore, this study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of coagulants of natural origin versus synthetic coagulants, as a function of turbidity and the factors that influence it by applying an experimental quantitative study. The natural coagulants used were Aloe vera gel and Selenicereus Undatus pitahaya mucilage, while the coagulants of chemical origin were aluminum polychloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate. So that to the high concentration of fat present in the discharge water with respect to the reference value, a pre-sedimentation of the water was carried out without any type of mechanical or coagulating action, resulting in the elimination of fats of 92%.The initial turbidity of the wastewater was 1230.33 NTU, obtaining turbidity removal percentages for PAC, aluminum sulfate, pitahaya and Aloe vera in the order of 99.58%, 99.87%, 62.26%, 75.15%, respectively. On the other hand, the COD for the most efficient synthetic coagulant and natural coagulant, was 18 mgO2/L and 839.35 mgO2/ correspondingly. This study aims to promote the use of friendly resources for the environment, guaranteeing an efficient removal of contamination from the aqueous environment., El agua residual de las industrias productoras de harina de pescado presenta un alto contenido de materia orgánica, turbidez y grasas, lo que dificulta su tratamiento y disposición final. Este estudio consiste en evaluar la eficiencia de coagulantes naturales frente a coagulantes sintéticos en función de la turbidez y los factores que influyen en ella mediante un estudio cuantitativo experimental. Los coagulantes naturales usados fueron gel de Aloe vera y mucílago de pitahaya Selenicereus undatus, mientras que los coagulantes sintéticos fueron policloruro de aluminio (PAC) y sulfato de aluminio. Debido a la alta concentración de grasas presentes en el agua estudiada respecto al valor de referencia se realizó un pre sedimentado del agua sin ningún tipo de acción mecánica ni coagulante resultando la eliminación de grasas del 92%. La turbidez inicial del agua residual fue 1130,67 NTU, obteniendo porcentajes de remoción para PAC, sulfato de aluminio, pitahaya y Aloe vera de 99,59%, 99,87%, 62,26%, 75,15% respectivamente, los valores finales de DQO para el coagulante sintético y el coagulante natural más efectivo fueron 18 mgO2/L y 839.35 mgO2/L correspondientemente. Este estudio pretende promover el uso de recursos amigables para el ambiente, garantizando una remoción eficiente de la contaminación del medio acuoso.
- Published
- 2022
87. Cleaning of the honey water from the wet processing of coffee using natural organic polymers
- Author
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Jaulis Cancho, Juan C.M., Juscamaita Morales, Juan G., Villanueva Santos, Edith, Gutiérrez Collao, Jairo E., Dilas-Jiménez, Josué Otoniel, Jaulis Cancho, Juan C.M., Juscamaita Morales, Juan G., Villanueva Santos, Edith, Gutiérrez Collao, Jairo E., and Dilas-Jiménez, Josué Otoniel
- Abstract
The wet processing of coffee generates a liquid residue called honey water, which has become a latent problem to be solved for coffee organizations in Peru with a view to sustainable coffee growing and for a production that targets special markets. The objective of this work was to develop a protocol for the treatment of honey water from the wet processing of coffee through the use of organic natural polymers, preparing polymer broths which were applied to the honey water. Two more effective polymers were selected in cleaning honey water, one with an anionic charge and the other with a cationic charge. We worked with three small wet-processing plants of coffee producers of the Valles del Café Agrarian Cooperative where important results were obtained in terms of the reduction of at least 8 to 10 indicators, of 15 physicochemical and microbiological indicators analyzed, thus exceeding the Limits Maximum Permissible of several indicators of the Peruvian norm in terms of water for irrigation level three., El procesamiento húmedo del café genera un residuo líquido llamado agua miel, el cual se ha convertido en un problema latente a ser resuelto para las organizaciones cafetaleras en el Perú con miras a una caficultura sostenible y para una producción que apunta a mercados especiales. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un protocolo para el tratamiento de aguas mieles del beneficio húmedo del café mediante el uso de polímeros naturales orgánicos, preparándose caldos de polímero los cuales fueron aplicados a las aguas mieles. Se seleccionó dos polímeros más efectivos en la limpieza del agua miel, uno de carga aniónica y otro de carga catiónica. Se trabajó con tres pequeñas plantas de beneficiado húmedo de productores cafetaleros de la Cooperativa Agraria Valles del Café donde se obtuvieron importantes resultados en cuanto a la reducción de al menos 8 a 10 indicadores, de 15 indicadores fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos analizados, lográndose así superar los Límites Máximos Permisibles de varios indicadores de la norma peruana en cuanto a agua para riego nivel tres.
- Published
- 2022
88. Determinación de turbidez en agua de consumo
- Author
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Ghione, Ana
- Subjects
Turbidez ,NTU ,Agua - Abstract
Determinación de turbidez en agua de consumo.
- Published
- 2022
89. Moringa Oleifera como coagulante para la disminución de la turbidez en la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua Potable Tundayme - cantón El Pangui, provincia de Zamora Chinchipe
- Author
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Gutiérrez García, Jessica Pamela and Zea Cobos, Angélica Geovanna
- Subjects
PLANTAS PARA TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA ,COAGULACIÓN ,AGUA POTABLE ,CALIDAD DEL AGUA ,INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL ,TURBIDEZ - Abstract
La PTAP de Tundayme, potabiliza 16920 L de agua al día, utilizando altas cantidades de Sulfato de Aluminio para la eliminación de su turbidez. Dado esto se implementó el uso de coagulantes naturales como el de las semillas de Moringa Oleífera, verificando su eficacia y así disminuir el uso de coagulantes químicos, y se evita enfermedades a largo plazo en los consumidores. Tundayme DWTP monetizes 16920 L of water a day, using high amounts of Aluminum Sulfate for the elimination of its turbidity. Given this, the use of natural coagulants such as the Moringa Oleifera seeds were implemented, verifying their effectiveness in reducing the use of chemical coagulants and avoiding long-term diseases in consumers.
- Published
- 2022
90. Use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the estimation of the turbidity of the waters of the São Gonçalo Channel, Pelotas - RS, Brazil
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Silveira, Janice Ferreira da, Lobo, Felipe de Lúcia, and Collares, Gilberto Loguercio
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Calibração espectral ,Turbidity ,Turbidez ,UAV ,ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL::ENGENHARIA HIDRAULICA [CNPQ] ,Sensoriamento remoto ,Remote sensing ,Spectral calibration - Abstract
Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2022-08-22T13:20:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Janice_Ferreira_da_Silveira.pdf: 5776083 bytes, checksum: 093f73d2af16b51b6207371a34c36d90 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2022-08-22T14:02:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Janice_Ferreira_da_Silveira.pdf: 5776083 bytes, checksum: 093f73d2af16b51b6207371a34c36d90 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-22T14:02:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Janice_Ferreira_da_Silveira.pdf: 5776083 bytes, checksum: 093f73d2af16b51b6207371a34c36d90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-05-26 Sem bolsa A água é um elemento integrador e fundamental para o desenvolvimento humano. Para assegurar a disponibilidade hídrica com qualidade adequada para os distintos usos, são necessários instrumentos de gestão e controle eficazes e alinhados com a velocidade de resposta que o mundo moderno impõe. As técnicas convencionais de amostragem para monitoramento de recursos hídricos possuem limitações espaciais e temporais e neste sentido o sensoriamento remoto apoiado com uso de veículos aéreos não tripulados (Vants) se insere como uma das ferramentas capazes de agregar velocidade e amplitude de áreas de monitoramento. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a turbidez da água por meio de valores de reflectâncias obtidos a partir da calibração de ortomosaicos produzidos por Vants no espectro visível (RGB). A metodologia desenvolvida neste estudo compreendeu atividades de campo com amostragem de turbidez, captura de imagens aéreas por Vants e aquisição de imagens satelitais do Sentinel 2. As amostragens de turbidez, in situ, foram realizadas utilizando uma sonda multiparamétrica e a captura de imagens aéreas foi através de sensor de imagem RGB embarcado em Vant Phantom 4 (DJI) em sincronia com a passagem do sensor MSI (Sentinel 2). Para calibração espectral foram utilizadas placas de referência com reflectância conhecida. A relação entre as variáveis investigadas permitiu identificar 7 principais fatores que afetaram os resultados alcançados, além de diversas recomendações para aplicação em pesquisas envolvendo estudos similares em pequenos ecossistemas aquáticos. Water is an integrating and fundamental element for human life and development. To ensure the availability of water with adequate quality for different uses, effective and aligned management and control tools are needed as the speed of that the modern world presents. Conventional sampling techniques for monitoring water resources have spatial and temporal limitations and in this point remote sensing through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is one of the technologies capable of adding speed and expanding the monitoring areas. The objective of this dissertation was to estimate the turbidity of water through reflectance values obtained from the calibration of orthomosaics produced by UAVs in the visible spectrum (RGB). The methodology developed in this study included field activities of turbidity sampling, aerial image capture by UAVs and Sentinel 2 satellite image acquisition. In situ turbidity sampling was performed using a multiparametric probe and aerial imagery was captured using an RGB image sensor embedded in a Phantom 4 drone (DJI) in almost sync with the passage of the MSI sensor (Sentinel 2). For spectral calibration, reference plates with known reflectance were used. The relationship between the variables investigated allowed the identification of 7 main factors that affected the results achieved, in addition to several recommendations for application in research involving similar studies in small aquatic ecosystems.
- Published
- 2022
91. Modelo Correlacionai de Sólidos Suspendidos Totales Presentes en Aguas Residuales Domésticas Mediante Análisis de Turbiedad
- Author
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Diego L. Castaño-Muñoz, Omar D. Gutiérrez-Flórez, and Sandra M. Bolivar-Cuartas
- Subjects
correlación ,turbiedad ,águas residuais domésticas ,aguas residuales domésticas ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Sólidos suspendidos totales ,turbidity ,domestic wastewater ,correlation ,Total suspended solids ,Sólidos suspensos totais ,turbidez ,correlação - Abstract
Resumen Introducción: Standard Methods Organization definió una serie de métodos analíticos que permiten medir la calidad del agua, entre los que puede citarse la norma 2540 D como el método convencional para determinar la cantidad de sólidos suspendidos totales (SST). Este método, sin embargo, toma mucho tiempo (2 horas) en desarrollarse, por lo que actualmente existen diversos esfuerzos para cuantificar los SST de forma más rápida, mediante su correlación con otros parámetros fisicoquímicos. En este sentido, los parámetros SST y turbiedad son de gran interés en esta investigación, con los cuales se busca establecer una posible correlación usando un modelo matemático simple. Objetivo: el propósito de esta investigación es establecer un modelo de correlación entre la concentración de sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) y unidades nefelométricas de turbiedad (NTU) en muestras de Caolín que permita una determinación rápida e in-situ de los niveles de SST en aguas residuales domésticas. Materiales y Métodos: el desarrollo experimental fue realizado en tres etapas: primero, se prepararon soluciones a partir de Caolín a las que se les determinó la turbiedad; segundo, se realizó una regresión lineal que contempló como variables los parámetros de concentración de SST y turbiedad por nefelometría; y tercero, se tomaron dos muestras de aguas residuales domésticas proveniente de un afluente y un acuario, a la que se le aplicaron las mismas mediciones, SST y turbiedad. Resultados: se construyó una curva de calibración donde se muestra la regresión lineal entre SST y turbiedad, posteriormente, se interpolan las NTU de las muestras de agua problema con la concentración de SST y se obtuvo como resultado 47,69mgSST/L para el afluente y 106,29mgSST/L para el agua del acuario, los cuales presentan una diferencia de 2,7 % y 1,7 % respectivamente con relación a los valores estimados con el método termogravimétrico convencional (norma 2540 D) 49mgSST/L y 104,50mgSST/L. Conclusión: es posible establecer un modelo correlacional para la determinación de la concentración de SST en muestras de aguas residuales domésticas usando el método de turbiedad. Summary Introduction: Standard Methods Organization defined a number of analytical methods that allow measuring water quality, including the standard norm 2540 D as the conventional method for determining the quantity of total suspended solids (TSS). This method, however, takes a long time (2 hours) to develop, so there are currently several efforts to quantify TSS more quickly, by correlating them with other physicochemical parameters. In this sense, the parameters TSS and turbidity are of great interest in this research, with which we seek to establish a possible correlation using a simple mathematical model. Objective: the purpose of this research is to establish a correlation model between the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) and nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) in Kaolin samples that allow a rapid determination and in-situ of TSS levels in domestic wastewater. Materials and methods: the experimental development was carried out in three stages: first, solutions were prepared from Kaolin to which turbidity was determined; second, a linear regression was performed that considered as variables the parameters of TSS concentration and turbidity by nephelometry; and third, two samples of domestic wastewater from a tributary and an aquarium were taken, to which the same measurements of TSS and turbidity, were applied. Results: a calibration curve was built showing the linear regression between TSS and turbidity, subsequently, the NTU of the water samples problem with the concentration of TSS was interpolated and the result obtained was 47.69 mgTSS/L for the tributary and 106.29mgTSS/L for the aquarium water, which have a difference of 2.7 % and 1.7 % respectively in relation to the values estimated with the conventional thermogravimetric method (standard norm 2540 D) 49 mgTSS/L and 104.50mgTSS/L. Conclusion: it is possible to establish a correlational model for the determination of the concentration TSS in domestic wastewater samples using the turbidity method. Resumo Introdução: a Standard Methods Organization definiu uma série de métodos analíticos que permitem medir a qualidade da água, incluindo a norma padrão 2540 D como o método convencional para determinar a quantidade de sólidos suspensos totais (SST). Este método, no entanto, leva um longo tempo (2 horas) para se desenvolver, por isso existem atualmente vários esforços para quantificar a SST mais rapidamente, correlacionando-os com outros parâmetros físico-químicos. Nesse sentido, os parâmetros SST e turbidez são de grande interesse nesta pesquisa, com a qual buscamos estabelecer uma possível correlação utilizando um modelo matemático simples. Objetivo: o objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer um modelo de correlação entre a concentração de sólidos suspensos totais (SST) e unidades de turbidez nefelométrica (UTN) em amostras de Kaolin que permita uma determinação rápida e in situ dos níveis de SST em águas residuais domésticas. Materiais e Métodos: o desenvolvimento experimental foi realizado em três etapas: primeiro, foram preparadas soluções a partir de Kaolin para as quais a turbidez foi determinada; segundo, foi realizada uma regressão linear que considerou como variáveis os parâmetros de concentração de SST e turbidez por nefelometría; e terceiro, foram colhidas duas amostras de águas residuais domésticas de um afluente e um aquário, para as quais foram aplicadas as mesmas medidas de SST e turbidez. Resultados: foi construída uma curva de calibração mostrando a regressão linear entre SST e turbidez, posteriormente, a UTN do problema das amostras de água com a concentração de SST foi interpolada e o resultado obtido foi de 47,69 mgSST/L para o afluente e 106,29 mgSST/L para a água do aquário, que têm uma diferença de 2,7 % e 1,7 % respectivamente em relação aos valores estimados com o método termogravimétrico convencional (padrão 2540 D) 49 mgSST/ L e 104,50 mg SST / L. Conclusão: é possível estabelecer um modelo correlacional para a determinação da concentração de SST em amostras domésticas de águas residuais utilizando o método de turbidez.
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- 2022
92. Performance evaluation of the simplified collective alternative solution for water treatment for small communities (Salta-z)
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Oliveira, Luiza Vital and Bastos, Rafael Kopschitz Xavier
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Saneamento rural ,Turbidez ,Água - Purificação ,Esporos bacterianos ,Técnicas Convencionais de Tratamento de Águas - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Com o objetivo de alcançar a universalização do acesso à água potável, a Fundação Nacional da Saúde (Funasa) desenvolveu e vem implementando no Brasil a Solução Alternativa Coletiva Simplificada para Tratamento de Água em Pequenas Comunidades (Salta-z). Apesar de sua crescente aplicação, reconheceu-se a necessidade de uma avaliação apurada de seu desempenho. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da Salta-z em diferentes condições operacionais, além de indicar possíveis intervenções e boas práticas. Foi instalada uma unidade da Salta-z nas dependências da estação de tratamento de água da Universidade Federal de Viçosa com os mesmos elementos daquelas distribuídas pela Funasa, acrescidos de um filtro de areia (em paralelo ao de zeólita) e dois tanques de contato após cada filtro. Foram realizadas três etapas de experimentação. Na etapa 1, definiu-se que o melhor arranjo operacional para realização da desinfecção é a desinfecção pós-filtração, com uso do tanque de contato operado em batelada e do dosador de coagulante para dosagem do desinfetante. Na etapa 2, definiu-se o procedimento operacional para realização da dosagem de coagulante e avaliou-se a capacidade do sistema quanto à remoção de turbidez, esporos de bactérias aeróbias (EBA), coliformes totais e E. coli em diferentes condições de turbidez da água bruta, materiais filtrantes e taxas de filtração. Por fim, na etapa 3 o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho dos filtros em condições de turbidez mais elevada na água decantada e em carreiras longas de filtração. Seguindo-se os procedimentos e arranjos operacionais definidos e recomendados neste trabalho, a Salta-z foi capaz de alcançar elevada eficiência em todas as condições avaliadas, alcançando de 86,7 a 98,5% de remoção de turbidez, 3,6 a 4,8 log1 0 e 3,4 a 4,7 10 log de remoção de EBA no sistema operado com o filtro de areia e com o de zeólita, respectivamente, e ausência de coliformes totais e E. coli em todas as amostras de água desinfetada. O filtro de areia foi mais eficiente na operação de retrolavagem e na remoção de EBA (2,5 log 10 em média) do que o de zeólita (2,0 log 10 em média), apesar de que, após a desinfecção, a remoção total foi similar entre ambos os sistemas. Mesmo na etapa 3, a turbidez da água filtrada foi mantida abaixo de 0,30 uT em ambos os filtros, na maior parte do tempo, e o término das carreiras de filtração se deu por esgotamento da carga hidráulica, sem ocorrência de trespasse, o que evidencia a resiliência do sistema. A Salta-z demonstrou, portanto, ser uma tecnologia eficiente e com potencial de ser aplicada em diferentes condições e mananciais de água. Entretanto, para a confirmação desse potencial, recomenda-se a realização de estudos para avaliar alternativas de flexibilidade operacional e remoção simultânea de diferentes variáveis, além de uma melhor apropriação das condições hidrodinâmicas da floculação e dos mecanismos de filtração em zeólita. Palavras-chave: Saneamento rural. Tratamento de água. Turbidez. Esporos de bactérias aeróbias. With the aim of universalizing the access to potable water, Brazil’s National Health Foundation (Funasa) developed the Simplified Collective Alternative Solution for Water Treatment for Small Communities (Salta-z). Despite the increasing implementation of this solution, the need for an accurate evaluation of its performance in water treatment was recognized. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of Salta-z under different operating conditions and to indicate possible interventions and good operational practices. A unit of the Salta-z was installed on the premises of the water treatment plant of the Federal University of Viçosa, with the same elements as the ones distributed by Funasa, with the addition of a sand filter (in parallel with the zeolite one) and two contact tanks after each filter. Three stages of experimentation were conducted. At Stage 1, it was defined that the best operational arrangement for carrying out disinfection was the post-filtration disinfection, with the contact tank operated in a batch flow and using the coagulant dosing device for disinfectant dosing. At Stage 2, the operational procedure for the coagulant dosing was defined and the system's ability to remove turbidity, aerobic spore bacteria (ASB), total coliforms and E. coli under different conditions of turbidity of the raw water, filter media and filtration rates were evaluated. Finally, at Stage 3 the aim was to evaluate the performance of the filters in conditions of higher turbidity in decanted water and in longer filtration runs. Following the procedures and operational designs defined and recommended in this work, the Salta-z was able to achieve high efficiency in all the conditions assessed. The system achieved turbidity removals of 86.7% to 98.5% with both filter medias, overall ASB removals of 3.6 to 4.8 log and 3.4 to 4.7 log with the system operated with the sand and zeolite filter, respectively, and, in all of the disinfected water samples was detected the absence of total coliforms and E. coli. The difference between the two systems was that the sand filter achieved higher efficiency at the backwash operation and higher ASB removal (an average of 2.5 log) than the zeolite one (an average of 2.0 log), although, after disinfection, the overall removal of ASB was similar. Even at Stage 3, the filtered water turbidity, for both filter medias, were lower than 0.30 uT for most of the time. Moreover, the filter runs ended with the hydraulic load depletion and not with turbidity breakthrough. These observations point to the resilience of the filters. Therefore, the Salta-z proved to be an efficient technology with the potential for implementation in different conditions and water sources. However, to confirm this potential, there are some recommendations, such as to carry out studies to evaluate alternatives of operational flexibility and simultaneous removal of different parameters, in addition to a better appropriation of the hydrodynamic conditions of flocculation and of the filtration mechanisms in the zeolite filter. Keywords: Rural sanitation. Water treatment. Turbidity. Aerobic spore-forming bacteria
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- 2022
93. Investigação dos fatores e suas interações na floculação de quartzo ultrafino e nas características dos flocos
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João Paulo Pereira da Silva, Antonio Eduardo Clark Peres, Gilberto Rodrigues da Silva, Carlos Adolpho Magalhães Baltar, Carlos Alberto Pereira, Afonso Henriques Martins, and George Eduardo Sales Valadão
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Turbidez ,Compactação de sedimento ,Tecnologia mineral ,Velocidade de sedimentação ,Quartzo ,Engenharia de minas ,Sedimentos e depósitos ,Quartzo ultrafino ,Análises estatística ,Estatística - Análise ,Floculação - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O conhecimento das características do floco e da compactação do sedimento é decisivo para a escolha apropriada das operações de separação sólido-líquido. Este estudo envolveu a caracterização do sistema e investigação dos efeitos de nove fatores e suas interações na floculação de quartzo ultrafino e nas características dos flocos. A caracterização da amostra de quartzo foi realizada por meio das análises de granulometria laser, área superficial específica, difratometria de raios X e espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X. Os resultados indicaram que o quartzo possui alta pureza e granulometria entre 38 e 10 µm, dentro da faixa pretendida, com área de superfície específica de 0.496 m2/g. O floculante empregado foi uma poliacrilamida (PAM) não iônica comercial, cujo caráter não iônico foi confirmado por reações com azul de bromofenol, azul de metileno e clorofórmio. O peso molecular da PAM, determinado a partir de medida de viscosidade (5,35 dl/g), foi de 2,0 x 10-6 g/mol, considerado adequado para o sistema de floculação proposto. A PAM foi analisada por FTIR tendo sido detectadas vibrações características dos grupos funcionais carboxamida, éteres alquílicos e aminas aromáticas secundárias. O surfatante utilizado foi a eteramina comercial Flotigam EDA. Curvas de potencial zeta do quartzo em função do pH foram levantadas na presença e ausência de PAM e eteramina. Os valores de potencial zeta na presença de amina na faixa de pH acima do PIE, pH 2, estão de acordo com a carga superficial menos negativa do mineral. Isso é explicado pela adsorção das espécies de aminas catiônicas na superfície do quartzo por um mecanismo de atração eletrostática e imobilização por formação de hemimicelas. A PAM adsorve na superfície hidrofílica do quartzo com excesso de carga negativa através de ligações de hidrogênio com o grupo NH2, resultando em diminuição da quantidade de sítios negativos da superfície e, consequentemente, tornando o potencial zeta menos negativo. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura de flocos formados na presença de PAM na concentração de 30 g/t mostraram flocos compactos na faixa de tamanho entre 150 e 365 µm, com significativa esfericidade. O desempenho do sistema de floculação foi investigado por meio da identificação dos fatores influentes no sistema, de acordo com a literatura, os quais foram: concentração do floculante, concentração do surfatante, tempo de condicionamento do surfatante, tempo de adição do floculante, tempo de condicionamento do floculante, intensidade de agitação, pH da solução, tempo de floculação e concentração de sólidos. Os experimentos foram planejados em um fatorial fracionado (29) com nove fatores e dois níveis, e executados em 32 testes. Os experimentos foram analisados por meio do software estatístico Minitab 20, onde a turbidez do sobrenadante foi a resposta experimental. As avaliações resultantes da abordagem estatística adotada neste trabalho indicaram que o pH da suspensão foi a variável mais significativa, seguida pela concentração do floculante, com o segundo maior efeito sobre a turbidez do sobrenadante. A concentração de sólidos, a intensidade de agitação e o tempo de condicionamento do tensoativo, em ordem decrescente, também têm efeitos significativos na floculação do quartzo ultrafino. Em relação à influência das interações entre as variáveis sobre a turbidez do sobrenadante, a concentração de floculante apresentou forte interação com o tempo de condicionamento do tensoativo e o pH com a concentração de sólidos. O tempo de condicionamento do surfatante apresentou forte interação com a intensidade de agitação e com o pH da suspensão. The knowledge of the characteristics of the floc and the sediment compaction is decisive for the appropriate selection of solid-liquid separation operations. The present study addressed the effects of nine factors and their interactions on ultrafine quartz flocculation and floc characteristics. The characterization of the quartz sample was carried out by laser granulometry and specific surface area analyses, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence. The results indicated the high degree of purity of the sample in the intended size range between 38 and 10 µm, with specific surface area of 0.496 m2/g. The flocculant used was a non-ionic commercial polyacrylamide (PAM). The non-ionic character was confirmed by reactions with bromophenol blue, methylene blue, and chloroform. The PAM molecular weight, calculated from the viscosity measurement (5.35 dl/g), is 2.0 x 10-6 g/mol, considered adequate for the proposed flocculation system. The PAM analysis by FTIR detected the characteristic vibrations of the functional groups carboxamide, alkylethers, and secondary aromatic amines. The zeta potential values in the presence amine in the pH range above the PIE, pH 2, are in agreement with the less negative surface charge of the mineral. This is explained by the adsorption of the cationic amine species on the quartz surface by an electrostatic attraction mechanism and immobilization by formation of hemimicelles. The PAM adsorbs on the hydrophilic surface of quartz with excess negative charge through hydrogen bonds with the NH2 group, therefore resulting in decreased number of negative sites from the surface and, consequently, rendering the zeta potential value less negative. Back scattered electrons scanning electron microscopy images of flocs formed in the presence of PAM at the concentration 30 g/t showed compact flocs in the size range between 150 and 365 µm, with noticeable sphericity. The nine investigated factors were: flocculant concentration, surfactant concentration, surfactant conditioning time, flocculant addition time, flocculant conditioning time, flocculant addition time, stirring time, suspension pH, flocculation time, solids concentration. These factors and their levels, low (-) and high (+) were selected from a careful literature review. The flocculation experiments were carried out in a 1 L beaker followed by placing the suspension in a 500 mL graduate tube adapted with two side orifices, located at 3/5 and 4/5 height from the base, for the removal of the supernatant. The experiments were planned in a (29) fractioned factorial method with nine variables at two experimental levels, conducted in 32 tests. The results were processed with the use of the Minitab20® statistical software with the supernatant turbidity as experimental response. Regarding the influence of interactions between the variables on the supernatant turbidity, the flocculant concentration presented strong interaction with the surfactant conditioning time and the pH with the solids concentration. The surfactant conditioning time showed strong interaction with the agitation intensity and with the suspension pH. The evaluations resulting from the statistical approach adopted in this work indicated that suspension pH was the most significant variable, followed by flocculant concentration with the second greatest effect on the turbidity of the supernatant. Solids concentration, agitation intensity, and surfactant conditioning time, in descending order, also have significant effects on ultrafine quartz flocculation.
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- 2022
94. Disaster and resilience in São Francisco Xavier: causes and consequences of environmental degradation and response and recovery actions
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Michelin, Camila Miranda, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Tomasella, Javier [Unesp]
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Métodos mistos ,Disasters ,Turbidity ,Turbidez ,Desastres ,Degradation of ecosystems ,Mixed methods ,Degradação de ecossistemas ,Memória coletiva ,Collective memory ,Ecological restoration ,Restauração ecológica - Abstract
Submitted by Camila Miranda Michelin (camila.michelin@unesp.br) on 2022-03-29T20:04:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila Michelin Corrigida.pdf: 8374002 bytes, checksum: 5afa010c9d11e7fded0eea6350e254db (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Silvana Alvarez null (silvana@ict.unesp.br) on 2022-03-30T17:24:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 michelin_cm_me_sjc.pdf: 8374002 bytes, checksum: 5afa010c9d11e7fded0eea6350e254db (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-30T17:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 michelin_cm_me_sjc.pdf: 8374002 bytes, checksum: 5afa010c9d11e7fded0eea6350e254db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-03-02 A degradação dos ecossistemas é responsável pelo aumento da frequência de desastres de diversos tipos ao redor do mundo. As perdas humanas, sociais, econômicas e ambientais advindas deles têm prejudicado o desenvolvimento de nações e exigido estudos e recursos de muitas organizações dedicadas ao tema. Em 2008, uma exploração autorizada de pinheiros na Serra da Mantiqueira levou ao desmatamento de uma floresta na Mata Atlântica e à movimentação de solo para abertura de estradas em uma fazenda localizada em São Francisco Xavier, no estado de São Paulo. A atividade degradou aquele ecossistema e desencadeou um desastre com diversos impactos, sendo a interrupção do abastecimento de água um dos mais noticiados. A ausência de estudos detalhados deste evento motivou esta pesquisa, com a intenção de investigar suas causas e efeitos e de levantar e avaliar as principais medidas adotadas em resposta e recuperação ao desastre. Para atingir esses objetivos foi necessário selecionar um método de pesquisa abrangente que fosse capaz de combinar pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas para fornecer uma compreensão mais completa do fenômeno estudado. Assim, utilizou-se a pesquisa de métodos mistos, a partir da Estratégia Exploratória Sequencial, orientando a coleta e análise de dados e informações por diferentes métodos para posterior integração de resultados. Este estudo concluiu que o evento em questão se tratou de um desastre de pequena escala; que as principais causas indicadas pela comunidade realmente foram as responsáveis pelo desastre; que as ações em resposta e recuperação planejadas foram executadas e; que estas foram suficientes para minimizar os principais impactos causados ao ambiente e às pessoas. Este trabalho também verificou que as ações de resposta e recuperação foram suficientes, principalmente, porque a comunidade possuía bons recursos próprios de articulação social e provocação institucional para buscar e exigir a resposta necessária, além de acesso aos recursos naturais preservados e resilientes da Serra da Mantiqueira, o que atestou a resiliência da comunidade promovida pela conservação do ecossistema. The degradation of ecosystems is responsible for the increase in the frequency of disasters of different types around the world. The human, social, economic and environmental losses resulting from them have hampered the development of nations and demanded studies and resources from many organizations dedicated to the subject. In 2008, an authorized exploitation of pine trees in Serra da Mantiqueira led to the deforestation of a forest in the Atlantic Forest and the movement of soil to open roads on a farm located in São Francisco Xavier, in the state of São Paulo. The activity degraded that ecosystem and triggered a disaster with several impacts, with the interruption of water supply being one of the most reported. The absence of detailed studies of this event motivated this research, with the intention of investigating its causes and effects and of raising and evaluating the main measures adopted in response and recovery to the disaster. To achieve these goals, it was necessary to select a comprehensive research method that was able to combine quantitative and qualitative research to provide a more complete understanding of the phenomenon studied. Thus, mixed methods research was used, based on the Sequential Exploratory Strategy, guiding the collection and analysis of data and information by different methods for later integration of results. This study concluded that the event in question was a small-scale disaster; that the main causes indicated by the community were really responsible for the disaster; that planned response and recovery actions have been taken and; that these were sufficient to minimize the main impacts caused to the environment and people. This work also verified that the response and recovery actions were sufficient, mainly because the community had good resources of its own for social articulation and institutional provocation to seek and demand the necessary response, as well as access to the preserved and resilient natural resources of Serra da Mantiqueira, which attested to the community's resilience promoted by the conservation of the ecosystem.
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- 2022
95. Análisis de la interferencia de la turbidez en la efectividad del tratamiento terciario de aguas utilizando radiación ultravioleta en la eliminación de microorganismos indicadores
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Proaño Mejía, Kathy Arianna and Duque Sarango, Paola Jackeline
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RADIACIÓN ULTRAVIOLETA ,AGUAS RESIDUALES - PURIFICACIÓN ,MICROORGANISMOS ,REACTORES QUÍMICOS ,INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL ,TURBIDEZ - Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación se enfocó en el estudio de los procesos de desinfección ultravioleta y como la eficacia es afectada por la presencia de sólidos suspendidos en el agua, se construyó un reactor ultravioleta, con el propósito de identificar el comportamiento de organismos indicadores. The present research work focused on the study of ultraviolet disinfection processes and how the effectiveness is affected by the presence of suspended solids in the water, an ultraviolet reactor was built, with the purpose of identifying the behavior of indicator organisms.
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- 2022
96. Evaluación de una mezcla para coagulantes naturales, Opuntia ficus y Moringa oleífera en clarificación de aguas.
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Olivero Verbel, Rafael, Florez Vergara, Alexy, Vega Fellizola, Luis, and Villegas de Aguas, Glenda
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Introduction. In this research project, natural coagulants Opuntia ficus-indica and Moringa oleifera were used, and their performance against aluminum sulfate (Alum) was compared. Objective. Evaluate the performance of three coagulants for the removal of suspended and dissolved solids to treat the water of the Magdalena River. Materials and Methods. Initially, unit operations such as peeling, drying, crushing and sieving (6 mm mesh) were used to convert Moringa oleifera and Opuntia ficus into powders. The main variables to be analyzed were turbidity and the correlation of turbidity and absorbance, which were found with the help of a turbidimeter and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The dose of clarifiers to be used for the samples was determined using an experimental design of 8x3x2. Results. The results were compared with the coagulants, both separately and mixed, to verify if the use of aluminum sulfate in the given percentages alters the clarification. We compared the acceptable values of the physicochemical parameters for drinking water of 2 UNT for turbidity and between 0.10 and 0.20 for absorbance, indicated in the Colombian regulations. Conclusion. The obtained results allowed to conclude that mixing Moringa oleifera and Opuntia ficus can remove a percentage of turbidity greater than 90.0 %, in comparison with the mixture of alum and natural coagulants, which can remove at least 99.0 % of turbidity in the water. In turn, it was possible to evidence a decrease in the solids by means of absorbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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97. Microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of the water used to Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum species, in Maranhão State.
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CUNHA, Maria Cecília de Sousa, COSTA, Ana Cristina Vieira, BOOR, Márcia Araújo Vander, and COSTA, Francisca Neide
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TAMBAQUI ,WATER ,ALKALINITY ,COLIFORMS ,TURBIDITY - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Determinación de áreas potenciales para el cultivo de la macroalga gracilaria sp con imágenes satelitales en el caribe colombiano.
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Cabezas Alzate, Diego Fernando, Arredondo Mendoza, Michael Andrés, and Hernández Torres, Francisco Luis
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Copyright of UD y la GEOMÁTICA is the property of UD y la GEOMATICA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2017
99. REDUCCIÓN DE LA TURBIDEZ DEL AGUA USANDO COAGULANTES NATURALES: UNA REVISIÓN
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Luis Guzmán, Ángel Villabona, Candelaria Tejada, and Rafael García
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Coagulantes vegetales ,turbidez ,mecanis mos de coagulación ,tratamiento de agua ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
La coagulación es el proceso más importante en el tratamiento convencional del agua. Su aplicación incluye la remoción de especies en suspensión, mediante la adición de coagulantes químicos, cuyo uso trae desventajas asociadas a altos costos de adquisición, producción de grandes volúmenes de lodo y el hecho de que afectan el pH del agua tratada. Por lo expuesto anteriormente, se hace necesario la búsqueda de alternativas que incluyan la utilización de coagulantes de origen vegetal, entre otras. Este trabajo tuvo como propósito realizar una revisión bibliográfica acerca del uso de los coagulantes naturales de origen vegetal, utilizados en la remoción de turbidez en procesos de tratamiento de aguas y dar a conocer otros aspectos importantes, como su clasificación, su eficiencia y sus mecanismos de coagulación, empleados por cada uno de los materiales naturales estudiados. Como resultado, se encontró que todos los extractos de origen vegetal reportados son eficientes en la remoción de la turbidez del agua, producen menor cantidad de lodos y su principal mecanismo de coagulación utilizado es la adsorción y la neutralización de cargas.
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- 2013
100. Cassava starch, used as a substitute for aluminum sulfate, is effective in the primary treatment of cloudy water
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Aníbal Quinteros, Yrwin Azabache, Arbel Dávila, Abigail Gallardo, Enrique Navarro, and Julio Chumacero
- Subjects
almidón de yuca ,Technology ,Starch ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,Agriculture (General) ,food and beverages ,prueba de jarras ,General Medicine ,sulfato de aluminio ,T55.4-60.8 ,Total dissolved solids ,S1-972 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Primary treatment ,Sulfate ,turbidez ,tratamiento primario - Abstract
espanolEl objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad del almidon de yuca en el tratamiento primario de aguas residuales. El estudio se llevo a cabo a traves la tecnica de prueba de jarras mediante la adicion de diferentes dosis de almidon de yuca al 1, 2 y 3 % de concentracion. Las diferentes dosis fueron comparadas con el tratamiento primario optimo de sulfato de aluminio a una concentracion del 1% que permite disminuir en 99,20% de turbidez, 79,92% de solidos totalesdisueltos, 100% de color; la dosis optima para almidon de yuca se obtuvo a una concentracion del 2% anadiendo 40 mg/L a 250 r.p.m mezcla rapida (1,5 minutos), 38 r.p.m mezcla lenta (15 minutos), sedimentacion (10 minutos), logrando disminuir 96,82% de turbidez, 25,95% de solidos totales disueltos, 73,39% decolor y mantiene el pH dentro del limite maximo permisible de (6,5-8,5) pH. Segun los ensayos realizados, el agua tratada con almidon de yuca es una alternativa para el tratamiento primario del agua del rio Shanusi, ya que permite cumplir con los requisitos establecidos en las normas sanitarias de calidad de agua potable en lo referente a los parametros color y turbidez. EnglishThe objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of cassava starch in the primary treatment of residual waters. The study was carried out using the jar test technique by adding different doses of cassava starch at 1, 2 and 3% concentration. the different doses were compared with the optimal primary treatment of aluminum sulfate at a concentration of 1% that allows a 99.20% decrease in turbidity, 79,92% of total dissolved solids, 100% color and pH. Although pH levels decreased, they were kept within the maximum permissible limit of (6.5 - 8.5) pH. According to the tests carried out, the water treated with cassava starch is an alternative for the primary treatment of the water of the Shanusi River, since it allows us to comply with the requirements established in the sanitary standards of drinking water quality with regard to color and turbidity.
- Published
- 2020
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