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Recent animal studies support close associations of Periostin with hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis. This study is to evaluate the role of serum periostin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A hospital-based age-/sex-matched case–control study was conducted. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed. Serum adipokines were measured by Adipokine Magnetic Bead Panel kits. The serum concentration of Periostin in NAFLD (1914.16 [1323.59–2654.88] ng/ml, P

The molecule structures of Ponceau 4R in ground state and the excited state were optimized by employing the Gaussian 09W program package. In addition, the electronic structure and frontier orbital of the ground state, the emission wavelength of the excited state was also investigated. And then, the Edinburgh FLS920P fluorescence spectrometer was applied to the measurement of the fluorescence spectra of cochineal solution, and the emission spectra was obtained. The calculated emission wavelength had a good coincidence with the experiment data, which indicates that the optimized structures mentioned above are reasonable. The structures comparison between the ground state and the excited state was also performed to analyze the mechanism of fluorescence spectrum. It can be concluded that the molecule structure of excited state is nearly planar, so Ponceau 4R is thought to have strong fluorescent characteristics, the emission fluorescence is the result of transition from orbit 139 to orbit 137.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a great health burden. Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a recently identified secret factor that may be associated with NAFLD. Aim To investigate the association between serum Nrg4 level and NAFLD by conducting a case–control study. Method A total of 174 subjects were included. 87 NAFLD subjects and 87 age- and sex-matched non-NAFLD controls were identified by hepatic ultrasound examination. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured and recorded. Serum Nrg4 level was evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SPSS software was used for statistical analyses. Results Compared to the controls, subjects with NAFLD presented with reduced level of serum Nrg4 (0.40 (0.27, 0.55) vs. 0.50 (0.30, 0.81) ng/mL (median (interquartile range)), P = 0.029). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, reduced serum levels of Nrg4 were associated with higher NAFLD odds (OR = 0.251, 95% confidence interval = 0.081–0.779, P = 0.017). By dividing the distribution of serum Nrg4 level into quartiles, there was borderline statistical difference of NAFLD prevalence among the four groups ( P = 0.058). There was no significant difference of serum Nrg4 levels in subjects according to the grades of fatty liver by ultrasound ( P = 0.080). No statistical difference of serum Nrg4 level was observed between obese and non-obese subjects ( P = 0.932). Conclusion Decreased serum Nrg4 level is prevalent in NAFLD subjects compared to non-NAFLD controls, and is an independent risk factor associated with NAFLD, indicating that Nrg4 might have a protective role in the development of NAFLD.

Rational: Hematoma arising within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is an extremely rare pathological entity. Patient concern: We present the case of a 39-year-old man with acute abdominal pain. Diagnoses: The patient was initially diagnosed as pancreatic cystic neoplasm according to CT and MRI imaging. Interventions: Distal pancreatectomy was conducted because of the possibility of malignancy. Outcomes: Surgical resection showed that the lesion was a hematoma in an IPAS. Lessons: Our case indicated that the differential diagnosis of hematoma in IPAS should be born in mind for cases with cystic neoplasm in tail of pancreas and an epidermoid cyst arising within an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIAS).

The fundamental and the fluorescence anisotropies of New Red and Erythrosine were measured. The intersection angles between the absorption and the emission dipole moments for New Red and Erythrosine are 4.44[Formula: see text] and 23.26[Formula: see text], respectively. The average angle shift of the emission dipole moment of New Red is 3.91[Formula: see text] during the lifetime of the excited state. This indicates that it has a bifurcated linear structure with weak rotational capacity. The average angle shift of the emission dipole moment of Erythrosine is 9.25[Formula: see text], indicating that it has a partial planar structure and is easier to rotate. The spatial ground state structures were simulated with Gaussian 09.

It is reported that in National Ignition Facility's shock timing campaign, there is a 2 μm layer of residual air condensation on the cold laser entrance hole window, and residual gas level of ∼5×10−6 Torr ( ∼6.6×10−4 Pa) in the chamber [Robey et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 042706 (2012)]. On Shenguang (SG) II and III laser facilities, a nominal residual gas level in the chamber is ∼10−2 Pa in experiment. In this work, the residual Carbon (C) level in the SG II chamber is investigated experimentally using a transmission grating spectrometer (TGS). The experimental result shows that there is a clear C K edge (280–300 eV), which implies that there is residual C condensation on the charge-coupled device (CCD) silicon oxide layer. The effect of the C condensation on the CCD response is studied with a condensed-C-foil model. With the modified CCD responses, the unfolded spectra by TGS are shown, and the significant C K edge decreases as the C foil thickness increases. Compared to the simulated C K edge depth, the me...

Time-resolved x-ray self-emission imaging was used to study the dynamic evolution of a laser-produced gold plasma tamped by plastic (CH), and a significant plasma collapse was observed during the laser irradiation. The plasma collapse, a kind of transverse contraction, has been ascribed to the radial compression caused by the different radiative cooling rates and thus different pressures between the central high-Z gold plasma and the surrounding low-Z CH plasma, and this has been reproduced by numerical simulations using the two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamics code Multi2D. The experimental results represent an observation of the radiative cooling induced plasma jet within a 1 ns laser pulse duration, much more quickly than those reported previously. In addition, our experiment design may offer a method to study the radiative cooling rates of high-Z plasmas. The measured cooling rate is a factor of 2 higher than the theoretical result [Post et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 20, 397 (1977)], but is wi...

The three-dimensional spectra of mixed solutions of allure red, sunset yellow and brilliant blue were obtained. Then the three synthetic food colors were determined by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithms, respectively. The component number of model is three by core-consistency diagnostic. The average recoveries of allure red, sunset yellow and brilliant blue obtained by PARAFAC were 98.75% +/- 8.9%, 97.22% +/- 2.9% and 99.00% +/- 2.9% and those by ATLD algorithm were 99.78% +/- 5.9%, 92.52% +/- 5.5% and 97.23% +/- 5.8%, respectively. Results show that both of the algorithms can be used in direct and rapid determination of multi-components of mixtures. From further comparison, the PARAFAC is more stable and advantageous.

AIM: To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with glycemic control and whether hyperglycemia is modified by eradication therapy. METHODS: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese BioMedicine Web Base and Chinese Science and Technology Journals were searched from inception to June 2014. Studies examining the association between H. pylori infection and glycemic control and⁄or the effect of eradication treatment on glycemic control in diabetic humans were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analyses were conducted using the Review Manager software version 5.2. The outcome measures are presented as weighed mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q test and the I2 statistic. RESULTS: A total of 21 relevant publications were identified. A meta-analysis of 11 studies with 513 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) showed significantly lower glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in the H. pylori-negative than H. pylori-positive DM participants (WMD = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.07-0.79; P = 0.02). In children and adolescents with type 1 DM (T1DM), there was a positive association between H. pylori infection and HbA1c level (WMD = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.05-0.64; P = 0.02), but there was no difference in those with type 2 DM (T2DM, WMD = 0.51, 95%CI: -0.63-1.65; P = 0.38). A meta-analysis of six studies with 325 T2DM participants showed a significant difference in the fasting plasma glucose levels between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative participants (WMD = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.17-2.23; P = 0.02). Eradication of H. pylori did not improve glycemic control in the T2DM participants in a three-month follow-up period (HbA1c decrease: WMD = -0.03, 95%CI = -0.14-0.08; P = 0.57; fasting plasma glucose decrease: WMD = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.36-0.23; P = 0.68). Glycemic control was significantly better in T1DM participants who were not reinfected than in those who were reinfected (HbA1c: WMD = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.32-1.13: P = 0.00). CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is associated with poorer glycemic control in T1DM patients, but eradication may not improve glycemic control in DM in a short-term follow-up period.

The stromal domain (PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE) of photosystem I (PSI) reduces transiently bound ferredoxin (Fd) or flavodoxin. Experimental structures exist for all of these protein partners individually, but no experimental structure of the PSI/Fd or PSI/flavodoxin complexes is presently available. Molecular models of Fd docked onto the stromal domain of the cyanobacterial PSI site are constructed here utilizing X-ray and NMR structures of PSI and Fd, respectively. Predictions of potential protein-protein interaction regions are based on experimental site-directed mutagenesis and cross-linking studies to guide rigid body docking calculations of Fd into PSI, complemented by energy landscape theory to bring together regions of high energetic frustration on each of the interacting proteins. The results identify two regions of high localized frustration on the surface of Fd that contain negatively charged Asp and Glu residues. This study predicts that these regions interact predominantly with regions of high localized frustration on the PsaC, PsaD, and PsaE chains of PSI, which include several residues predicted by previous experimental studies.

We describe an experimental technique to measure the drive symmetry of M-band radiation on the capsule in hohlraum. M-band radiation from the corona of the laser-produced gold plasma, especially the laser spot regions in the cavity, was used to pump x-ray fluorescence of a thin layer of Si-tracer coated on a solid CH-ball. The fluorescence images were time resolvedly recorded by an x-ray framing camera and the drive asymmetry due to M-band radiation was deduced from these fluorescence images. Moreover, a Si-doped gold cavity was used with the initial purpose of maximizing the fluorescence signal through resonance transitions. Since the Si-plasma expands more rapidly than the gold-plasma, the evolution of drive asymmetry was accelerated in Si-doped hohlraum.

Fluorescence analysis applied in the study of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) provides a new method and theory to study probiotics and realize the detection and identification of the strains. It is also possible to achieve automation and computerization. In this letter, the differences between the fluorescence spectra of lactobacillus casei-BDI (Lc-BDI) and Streptococcus thermophilus (St) are shown, and the second-order derivative spectra are used to further study the diversity of these two strains. According to the results, with the excitation wavelengths of 285 and 340 nm, there are significant differences between them. The experiment is repeated for 6 times, showing good repetitiveness.

Laser-produced plasmas have attracted great interest due to their potential utility in wide-ranging applications, especially in the field of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). For direct-driven ICF, laser coupling with polystyrene targets is a crucial and fundamental problem. In addition, oblique incidence is also a common phenomenon for laser facilities with multiple beams. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of oblique incidence on the laser coupling features relevant to the direct-driven ICF. Experiments using an intense nanosecond flat-top laser at around W cm–2 to irradiate polystyrene planar targets from three different incidence angles have been performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. The time-integrated absolute values of the full aperture backscatter (FABS), near backscatter scattering (NBS), and the x-ray conversion efficiency (CE) have been measured quantitatively. According to the experimental results, with the increase of the incidence angle, the percentage of the stimulated Brillouin backscatter and the overall x-ray CE decreased while the stimulated Raman backscatter fraction rose. Theoretical analyses based on hydrodynamic simulations and linear theory were qualitatively consistent with the experimental results. In addition, the specularly reflected light was also observed at 30° laser oblique incidence.

The enhancement of laser to x-ray conversion efficiencies using low density gold targets [W. L. Shang, J. M. Yang, and Y. S. Dong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 094105 (2013)] is demonstrated. Laser to x-ray conversion efficiencies with 6.3% and 12% increases are achieved with target densities of 1 and 0.25 g/cm3, when compared with that of a solid gold target (19.3 g/cm3). Experimental data and numerical simulations are in good agreement. The enhancement is caused by larger x-ray emission zone lengths formed in low density targets, which is in agreement with the simulation results.

A design of secondary hohlraum radiation source with laser focal spots blocked is introduced. The hard x-ray radiation such as the gold M-band emission and hot electrons from the coronal plasma were designed to be shielded using a cylindrical shield. Three-dimensional view factor analysis was carried out to optimize the shield structure to achieve higher radiation temperature. An experiment was performed at Shenguang III prototype laser facility to verify the design. Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector was used to measure the shock wave speed in a three-stepped Al sample driven by this radiation source and the peak radiation temperature of the radiation source was estimated to be about 90 eV.

Streak camera is widely used in continuous time diagnostics in fast physical process. To produce accurate result, it requires delicate calibration and a reliable analysis method. High quality sweep-rate data with uncertainty smaller than 0.5% are obtained over the full record area by a constrained fitting method of peak position measurement, with a short pulse laser and an etalon as the fiducial source. The temporal response is linearized by this full-screen sweep-rate data, which eliminates errors in measurement due to nonlinearity and space-distortion inherent in streak camera.

The fluorescence excitation spectra and absorption spectra of six kinds of erythrosine solutions with concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 microg x mL(-1) were experimentally measured. It was found that the fluorescence excitation peaks are both located at 530 nm significantly when the concentrations of erythrosine solutions are 10 and 20 microg x mL(-1). However, the linetype saltation of fluorescence excitation spectrum occurs as the concentration of erythrosine solution is above 30 microg x mL(-1). The valley is located at 530 nm and two new peaks appear at both flanks of the valley. Compared with fluorescence excitation spectra, the absorption spectra of erythrosine solutions are without saltation and the peaks are all located at 530 nm. According to calculations and a series of contrast experiments, it was demonstrated that the absorption characteristic of erythrosine and the spectral measurement mode conspire to cause the saltation of fluorescence excitation spectra. The results can provide guidance for further research on physical and chemical properties of erythrosine, and offer help and reference for study on saltation behavior in fluorescence excitation spectra and improvement in spectral measuring mode.

The fluorescence spectra of the solutions of industrial color Sudan IV are measured experimentally, excited by 345nm light. A wavelet transformation-radial basis function neural network is established, using the spectral data, to determine the concentrations of the Sudan IV solutions. The relative error turns out to be 0.73%. Meanwhile, the spectra of six synthetic food colors Ponceau 4R, Amaranth, Allura Red, Acid Red, Erythrosine and New Red are measured, and the wavelength of excitation light is 310nm. Another wavelet transformation-radial basis function neural network is established to identify the seven red colors mentioned above. It is shown that this method, which combines the advantages of both fluorescence spectrometry and artificial neural network, can realize accurate determination of Sudan IV and identification of industrial colors and synthetic food colors.

We propose a method to control the polarization and magnitude of light by introducing another pump wave (control-light) in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). Cascaded polarization coupling and second harmonic generation (SHG) in a single PPLN are described by the wave-coupling equations. The numerical simulations show that the control-light wave breaks the original energy coupling behavior among three waves. The results indicate that the output can be fine tuned by the phase and intensity of the control-light.

In the present paper, the authors studied Guoyuan and Yanghe which are the most representative types of Su liquor. The authors got the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the liquor and analyzed their unique characteristics. Guyuan has obvious characteristics of the fluorescence in the 280-400 nm excitation wavelength range, including a major peak of fluorescence. Yanghe contains five clear fluorescence peaks in the 200-450 nm range of excitation wavelength. The two series of liquor have clear fluorescent characteristics in the 310-350 nm range of excitation wavelength, The range includes some organic compounds which play a decisive role in taste and flavor of Su liquor. The result of research provides a scientific basis for improving the mixing process of Su liquor and enhancing the quality of liquor.

Taking ponceau 4R and amaranth as an example, concentration prediction and kind identification of synthetic food colors by fluorescence spectroscopy and radial basis function neural networks are introduced. By using SP-2558 multifunctional spectral measuring system, the fluorescence spectra were measured for solution of ponceau 4R and amaranth excited respectively by the light with the wavelength of 300 and 400 nm. For each sample solution of ponceau 4R, 15 emission wavelength values were selected. The fluorescence intensity corresponding to the selected wavelength was used as the network characteristic parameters, and a radial basis function neural network for concentration prediction was trained and constructed. It was employed to predict ponceau 4R solution concentration of the three kinds of samples, and the relative errors of prediction were 1.42%, 1.44% and 3.93% respectively. In addition, for solution of ponceau 4R and amaranth, the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the fluorescence wavelength was used as the network characteristic parameters, and a radial basis function neural network for kind identification was trained and constructed. It was employed to identify the kind of food colors, and the accuracy is 100%. These results show that the method is convenient, fast, and highly accurate, and can be used for the detection of synthetic food color in food safety supervision and management.

In order to study the identifying and classification method of distilled spirits, about 100 kinds of normative distilled spirits were selected as the laboratory samples and their fluorescence spectra induced by ultraviolet light were measured by Roper-Scientific SP-2558 respectively. Then, using the statistics and plot software Origin 7.5, the authors composed the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the distilled spirits. In the meanwhile, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the dis tilled spirits were also studied respectively. The authros compared the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of different distilled spirits with the same brands and that of different spirits with the same brands. The authors are very confident that there must be some typical parameters, by which the authors can distinguish different kinds of distilled spirits with different brands effectively. And the authors found that while the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of different distilled spirits with different brands are definitely different by their three typical parameters including the number of the major summit, position of the major summit and optimum wavelength, the three typical parameters of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of different distilled spirits with the same brand are very similar. Finally, the authors extracted the three typical parameters that are the number of the major summit, position of the major summit and optimum wavelength. Then, the data were processed by computer for emulation. As a result, the authors found that, using the three characteristic parameters, different kinds of distilled spirits can be classified ac curately by the algorithm of LS-SVM (least-squares support vector machine). The outcomes of the data emulated by different algorithms were obtained seriatim. The authors compared the outcomes, and the fact proved that more accurate outcome of identifying and classification can be obtained by LS-SVM.

Based on the experimental study, it was found that melamine solution excited by UV light can generate a strong fluorescence. The fluorescence spectrum is within a range from 310 to 600 nm, the peak wavelength of the fluorescence is about 420 nm, and the relationship between fluorescence intensity and melamine solution concentration is nonlinear. A method for the determination of melamine solution concentration was presented, which was based on fluorescence spectroscopy and radial basis function neural networks. For each sample, 30 emission wavelength values were selected, the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the selected wavelength was used as the network data, and a radial basis function neural network was trained and constructed. The trained radial basis function neural network was employed to predict the melamine solution concentration in five kinds of samples, and the relative errors of the results were 0.93%, 0.09%, 0.31%, 1.55% and 4.61%, respectively. The results show that this method can determine the content of melamine quickly and accurately. The whole research outcomes will provide a new method for determining the content of melamine and food safety supervision.

According to the characteristic of synthetic food colors molecule and the relationship between fluorescence and molecular structure, and through analyzing, it has been concluded that synthetic food colors is fluorescent material. By using SP-2558 multifunctional spectral measuring system, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of ponceau 4R, amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow and brilliant blue were measured. The results show that ponceau 4R excited by light at the wavelength of 330-430 nm can generate a strong fluorescence at the 621 nm peak wavelength with its best excitation wavelength being 376 nm, amaranth excited by light at the wavelength of 300-440 nm can generate a strong fluorescence at the 643 nm peak wavelength with its best excitation wavelength being 370 nm, tartrazine excited by light at the wavelength of 280-380 nm can generate a strong fluorescence at the 565 nm peak wavelength with its best excitation wavelength being 315 nm, sunset yellow excited by light with wavelength of 310-410 nm can generate a strong fluorescence at the 592 nm peak wavelength with its best excitation wavelength being 348 nm, and brilliant blue excited by light at the wavelength of 320-390 nm can generate a strong fluorescence at the 456 nm peak wavelength with its best excitation wavelength being 350 nm. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of the five kinds of synthetic food colors were discussed. These results can provide helps for testing of food colors and food safety.

The fluorescence spectra of ponceau 4R induced by 220-400 nm light were studied in the present paper. The result shows that ponceau 4R has four obvious fluorescence spectral peaks respectively located at 420, 530, 635 and 687 nm, each of these fluorescence spectral peaks has different best induced light, and the corresponding fluorescence spectra were listed. It was considered that this fluorescence comes from the transition n --pi* of n electrons in the -OH and pi* --pi of pi electrons in the naphthalene. The fluorescence spectral peaks at 420 nm come from the transition n --pi* and the other three fluorescence spectral peaks come from pi* --pi. But the intensity of the four fluorescence spectral peaks changes differently with the excited wavelength This paper attempted to give the expression of the four fluorescence spectral peaks based on the microcosmic mechanism. The reason for that ponceau 4R has complex fluorescence characteristic is that ponceau 4R not only has big and conjugate structure such as naphthalene and provides electron group -OH which can intensify its ability to emit fluorescence, but also absorbs electron group such as N=N which can depress its ability to emit fluorescence. Investigation on the fluorescence spectra and its characteristics will contribute to the study on the fluorescence spectra of other azo pigment and help find a new way for checking food safety.

In the present paper, the liquors of Hai zhi lan, Tian zhi lan and Meng zhi lan were selected as the objects, and by using equipment of UV-240 ultra-violet spectrophotometer and Sp-2558 multifunctional spectrometer, their absorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra induced by UV light were studied respectively. The maximum absorption wavelengths for all of them were located at 212 and 275 nm, but each has different intensity at 212 nm. Moreover, their three-dimensional fluorescence spectra were detected when they were induced by suitable UV-light, The results show that each of the spirits can emit three strong fluorescence lines at 310, 420 and 610 nm respectively when excited by UV-light at 245 nm. Furthermore, we found each of them can emit another two strong fluorescence lines when they absorb the UV-light at 310 and 345 nm. The authors found that they all have five different fluorescence peaks, but each has different intensity. According to the experimental phenomenon, through a careful analysis, it is pointed out that the differences of the five fluorescence peaks basically reflect the aging process and different content of the liquor. The three different brand yanghe classical liquors were identified fast and accurately. The paper also offered a kind of way to determine the quality and brand of white spirit.

Chinese rice wine has a history of more than 5000 years, only in China, hich is called "Nation Wine", and Shao Xing Chinese rice wine is a representative of it. The fluorescence spectra of 3 kinds of Shao Xing Chinese rice wine with different storage age induced by suitable UV-light were obtained in the present paper through experiment. The authors compared and analyzed them comprehensively by using three dimensional contour and two dimensional fluorescence technique, and found that their best induced light was all in the vicinity of 370 nm. The peak wavelength of 3 year storage age wine was 504 nm, while 488 nm and 505 nm were for 5 and 8 year storage age wine respectively. The emitted fluorescence existed in 400 to 680 nm, which had wide peak. More over, the emitting mechanism of Shao Xing Chinese rice wine was discussed. The authors also have explained the similarity and difference of fluorescence spectra among the 3 kinds of wine. The reason for wide fluorescence peak was also analyzed. This investigation contributes to the study of the characteristic, year detection and food safety of Chinese rice wine.

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 1-butanol solution induced by UV-light and its characteristics were studied experimentally and theoretically. The authors found that 1-butanol solution shows a good absorption in 190-250 nm, and fluorescence was detected when excited by 210-250 nm. Fluorescence spectra of the mixed solution with 1-butanol and n-hexane were measured, and the fluorescence intensity shows a linear relationship with the volume ratio of the former. For the mixed solution of 1-butanol and alcohol, the authors found that at different wavelength, as the matching of 1-butanol and alcohol solution changes, the law for the intensity of fluorescence also changes. Meanwhile, the mathematical formula for the fluorescence position of the mixed solution was listed, and the error between calculation and experiment has been proved to be small. This may provide some reference for the further research of fluorescence spectrum of alcohol resolutions.

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of ethylene glycol and glycerol solution induced by UV light were studied respectively in the present paper. The most intense absorption wavelength for both of them was located at 198 nm. Moreover, fluorescence was detected when induced by suitable UV light, and the corresponding fluorescence spectra were listed. But there is no obvious relationship found between the fluorescence intensity and the excited wavelength, and a further research should be done. From the first derivative fluorescence spectra of ethylene glycol, it was concluded that under the UV light of 210 nm, the variation speed for relative intensity proved to be the fastest. In contrast, when excited by 225 nm, the speed proved to be the slowest. In addition, based on the quantum calculation and the transition from HOMO to LUMO of electronics in one-dimensional quantum well, the authors attempted to give out the value of absorption wavelength. In consideration of the bond-length variety brought out by the chain processing, the error between the experimental and calculation values should be apprehensible, and the latter can serve as some reference value in theory.

In the hohlraum used in laser indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments, hydrodynamic processes of radiation-ablated high-Z plasma have a great effect on laser injection efficiency, radiation uniformity, and diagnosis of hohlraum radiation field from diagnostic windows (DW). To study plasma filling in the DWs, a laser-irradiated Ti disk was used to generate 2–5 keV narrow energy band X-ray as the intense backlighter source, and laser-produced X-ray in a hohlraum with low-Z foam tamper was used to heat a small hole surrounded by gold wall with 150 μm in diameter and 100 μm deep. The hydrodynamic movement of the gold plasma in the small hole was measured by an X-ray framing camera and the results are analyzed. Quantitative measurement of the plasma areal density distribution and evolution in the small hole can be used to assess the effect of plasma filling on the diagnosis from the DWs.

AIM: To analyze the benefits and harms of pancreatic cancer screening in familial high-risk individuals (HRIs). METHODS: Studies were identified by searching PubMed, EBSCO, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Cochrane database from database inception to June 2014. We also obtained papers from the reference lists of pertinent studies and systematic reviews. English-language trials and observational studies were searched. The key words used as search terms were “screening” and “surveillance”. Cost-effectiveness, diagnostic rate, survival rate, mortality and adverse events were the outcomes of interest. Age, sex, lifestyle and other confounding factors were also considered. However, anticipating only a few of these studies, we also included observational studies with or without control groups. We also included studies concerning the anxiety associated with pancreatic cancer risk and other psychological changes in familial HRIs. We extracted details on study design, objectives, population characteristics, inclusion criteria, year of enrollment, method of screening, adjusted and unadjusted mortality, cost-effectiveness and adverse events from the included studies. Studies were assessed using the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. RESULTS: Sixteen studies on pancreatic cancer screening were included. Five studies included control groups, nine were observational studies without control groups, and the other two studies investigated the worry associated with pancreatic cancer risk. We found that pancreatic cancer screening resulted in a high curative resection rate (60% vs 25%, P = 0.011), longer median survival time (14.5 mo vs 4 mo, P < 0.001), and higher 3-year survival rate (20% vs 15.0%, P = 0.624). We also found that familial HRIs had a higher diagnostic rate of pancreatic tumors than controls (34% vs 7.2%, P < 0.001). In patients who underwent regular physical examinations, more stage I pancreatic cancers were observed (19% vs 2.6%, P = 0.001). In addition, endoscopic ultrasonography, which was the main means of detection, diagnosed 64.3% of pancreatic cancers. In comparison, endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreas, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography diagnosed 28.6%, 42.9%, and 21.4%, respectively. For mass lesions, instant surgery was recommended because of the beneficial effects of post-operative chemotherapy. However, in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, we did not find a significant difference in outcome between surgery and follow-up without treatment. Moreover, pancreatic cancer screening in familial HRIs had a greater perceived risk of pancreatic cancer (P < 0.0001), higher levels of anxiety regarding pancreatic cancer (P < 0.0001), and increased economic burden. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic cancer screening in familial HRIs is associated with a higher detection rate and longer survival, although screening may influence psychological function and increase the economic burden.

To achieve detection, monitoring and automation of starch graft copolymerzation, the investigation was carried out according to the luminescence of free radical produced in the reaction. The investigation on the fluorescence spectra of starch-water suspension excited by ultraviolet light and its characteristics contributes to the study of the characteristics and mechanisms of free radical coming into being, emitting and disappearing. The experimental results indicate that starch-water suspension can emit fluorescence, whose peak wavelength is about 339 nm. Furthermore, the physical mechanism of fluorescence emission of starch is analyzed. It is considered that this fluorescence comes from the transition from nonbonding electrons in the hetero-atom (O) of the functional group (C--O--C) called ether linkage to the antibonding orbital sigma*.

By using equipment of UV-240 ultra-violet spectrophotometer and Sp-2558 multifunctional spectrometer system, the UV-light absorption spectra and the fluorescence spectra of propanol and isopropanol, as well as their comparison were studied. According to the results, propanol and isopropanol can be clearly distinguished with absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra. The reasons for difference spectra of the two liquids were also explained. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of the four kinds of difference alcohol were compared and the results were discussed. The whole research outcomes will provide a new method for effective measurement of different alcohol, and also produce some valuable theoretical references to the calculation of quantum chemistry.

In this paper, the interaction process of a high-power Q-switched YAG laser and a metal–nitride–oxide–semiconductor (MNOS)-type charge-coupled device (CCD) is studied with the help of the plasma shape and structure under the repeated actions of laser pulses. Mach–Zehnder interferograms of plasmas and related experimental results produced by a 1064 nm laser beam with a pulse width of 15 ns acting upon the MNOS-type CCD are obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 16: 160–162, 1997.

A thorough analysis of the ultraviolet absorption spectra and light induced fluorescence (LIF) spectral characteristics of ethanol solutions is carried out and discussed in theory and in experiment. The results indicate that ethanol solution can absorb UV-light with the wavelength less than 250nm, and can emit very strong fluorescence when excited by these ultraviolet lights. While the wavelengths of excited lights increase, the fluorescent spectral peaks are apparently red-shifted accordingly. As the ethanol solution concentration increases, the fluorescent spectral peaks are also red-shifted. Furthermore, the physical mechanism of absorption and fluorescence emission of ethanol molecule induced by UV light is analyzed based on the theory of molecule orbital structure. The red-shifted reasons of spectral peaks as the excited light wavelength and the solution concentrations changing are also explained. Investigation on the intrinsic fluorescence spectrum of ethanol solution and its characteristics will contribute to the study of the fluorescence spectra when ethanol serves as solute and hydrolysis catalyst.

We present a simple experimental method that permits an empirical determination of the effective boundary condition and the extrapolated end point for the diffuse photon density in a homogeneous turbid medium.

We study the detectional theory of polydispersities for dilute suspension of optical and size polydisperse spherical particles for which the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye approximation is valid. Tho develop the theory a concentric core-shell hard sphere model is adopted, in which particles possess a continuous variation in the core size and shell thickness. The thickness of shell is directly proportional to the radius of core, thus giving rise to a distribution in the particle refractive indices. We assume the shell thickness L equals (alpha) R, where (alpha) < 1 and is a constant. We extend the 'measured' dynamic structure factor to the general case where optical and size poly-dispersed are combination and a new 'measured' dynamic structure factor to the general case where optical and size poly-dispersed are combination and a new 'measured' static structure factor Sm (K) is derived. We analyze the dependence of the average scattered intensity I(q) and the effective diffusion coefficient De(q) which is obtained from the first cumulant measured by dynamic light scattering in the case of the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the shell are matched, i.e., nm$ equals n(subscript s, on scattering vector q. Under favorable conditions it should be possible to measure small polydispersities.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

There are two sections in this paper. First, by using physical model of -4- bound, the statistics propertiesof scattering particles are studied ; the velocity autocorrelations function and the mean-square displacement ofscattered particle under our physical model are got ; we discuss the different a values for different bound model. Second, the scatteded electrical field autocorrelation function of dynamic light scattering through bound scattering particles is calculated. The resules of this paper, we think can been compared with resules experimentand a value for different solution may been obtained. Keywords : 4 bound, Brownain particles, DLS. 1. INTRODUCTION In the theoretical and experimental study of dynamic light scattering. interparticle interactions are generally interested recently. A lot of physical models of interparticle interactions were studied'5. Tung Tsang andH. T. Tang3 have reported studies of the light scattering and dynamics of interacting Brownian particles byusing a harmonic approximations for the effective potential; P. N. Pusey and W. Van Megen4 researcheddynamic light scattering by non-ergodic media, in which the scattering element's are only able to make limited

The double-passage effects of atmospheric turbulence on the imaging quality and resolution of an optical system , illuminated by the incoherent light ,are discussed in terms of the information content and the nUmber Nd of degrees of freedom of an imaging system. The Van Cittent-Zernike theorem and the Karhunen-Loe've expasion of generalized prolate -spheroidal function for the mutual intensity of stochastic waves is used to calaulate the turbulent average mutual intensity f12 for light from an extended incoherent quasi -monochromatic source and double-passage propagation in weak atmospheric turbulence. It is shown that , for incoherent illumination system and the receiving aperture is larger than the radius A of backscattered beam ,the turbulent spread of the beam may lead a positive effect , and there is a potential supperresolution , the resolution beyond the classical diffraction limit.

Accurate opacity and equation of state (EOS) data are important parameters for reliable modeling and understanding many phenomena of high energy density physics. However, they are difficult to obtain either theoretically or experimentally especially for high-Z plasmas. In this paper, we proposed a simple method to verify the opacity and EOS of high-Z plasmas in rarefactive states, which is build on the two key aspects of ablation processes, i.e., the propagation of heatwave into materials and the hydrodynamic expansion of the blow-off plasmas. Based on the integrated analysis of the Au foil burnthrough and foam-confined plasma expansion experiments performed on the Shenguang II and Shenguang III prototype laser facilities, we suggested two semi-empirical multipliers to adjust the opacity and EOS of Au plasma. These adjusted opacity and EOS may then provide a foundation for other radiation hydrodynamic simulations under similar drive conditions.

The effect of the quality of printing paper, which is a main factor of the reproduction of picture and char-acter, on the reproduction quality of picture and character by the optical information theory is studied. Theoptical transfer function that is applied to evaluate the imaging character of printing paper is obtained.Keywords: optical transfer function, printing paper, printing quality

We consider dilute suspensions of optical and size polydisperse spherical particles for which the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) approximation is valid. To develop the theory a concentric core-shell hard sphere model is adopted, in which particles possess a continuous variation in the core sizes but have constant shell thickness, thus giving rise to a distribution in the particle refractive indices. For two-component system, we theoretical analyze the dependence on scattering vector q of the average scattered intensity I(q) and the effective diffusion coefficient De(q) obtained from the first cumulant measured by dynamic light scattering in the case of the refractive index of the solvent and the refractive index of the shell are matched, i.e., nm equals ns. Under favorable conditions it should be possible to measure small polydispersities.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.