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Children with developmental disorders are one of weak and vulnerable groups in the climate change crisis. In this study we have integrated some climate change coping skills as one of life skills contents according to the Activities of Daily Living Program (ADL) both at the basic and the extension level. These are housework skills, personal hygiene skills, eating skills, mobility, dressing skills... Through group activities, in the form of projects or picnics activities, children know how to recycle paper, paperboard, leaves into decorative objects, eat more vegetables, exercise to promote health, consciously awareness of wearing sunscreen, wearing a mask,... The findings show that this intergrating is appropriate, necessary and effective in raising awareness and skills to cope with climate change for children with disabilities.

E-wallets are contributing to the increase of cashless payment in society. For students, e-wallets can be used to pay for tuition, electricity, internet and other services. In this research, the authors find the factors affecting the behavior of using e-wallets by Students of Economics Universities in Hanoi with a dataset of 575 survey results. The research used the method of analyzing the reliability of the scale by Cronbach'Alpha coefficient, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and extracted variables for multivariate regression analysis. Research results have shown that Ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Attitude towards e-wallets and Social influence have a positive impact on the behavior of using E-wallet by Economics students in Hanoi. At the simultaneously time, the authors proposed a number of solutions for businesses and stakeholders which help payments via e-wallets to develop quickly, to be safer, more and more convenient and effective in the economy in general and toward students in particular

In Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs), charging scheme optimization is one of the most critical issues, which plays an essential role in deciding the sensors’ lifetime. An effective charging scheme should simultaneously consider both the charging path and the charging time. Existing works, however, mainly focus on determining the optimal charging path and adopt the full charging strategy. The full charging approach may increase the sensors’ charging delay and eventually lead to sensor energy depletion. This paper studies how to optimize the charging path and the charging time at the same time to avoid energy depletion in WRSNs. We first formulate the investigated problem with a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model. We then leverage the bi-level optimization approach and represent the targeted problem with two levels: the charging path optimization at the upper level and the charging time optimization at the lower level. A combination of Genetic Algorithm and Greedy method is proposed to determine the optimal charging path. Besides, to reduce the computational complexity of charging time identification level, we propose a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the charging time of the best charging path in each evolutionary generation. The experimental validation on various network scenarios demonstrates our proposed charging scheme’s superiority over the existing algorithms.

Endophytic fungi, microfungi that internally infect living plant tissues, are reported to have the ability to synthesize many enzymes, plant growth hormones and pharmaceutically active compounds similar to those in their hosted plants. This has opened a potential path of using endophytic fungi as a bioreactor for mass production of bioactive compounds at a lower cost. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a robust procedure for the isolation and identification of potential fungal strains that are capable of producing desired biological compounds. In this study, we reported an effective procedure for surface sterilization of 3 types of tissue samples (root, shoot and leaf) of 2 herbaceous plants (Catharanthus roseus and Scutallaria barbata) using commercial bleach (5% NaOCl), isolation of endophytic fungi from the sterilized samples and identification of isolated fungal strains by ITS sequencing analysis. A total of 48 endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from plant samples collected from Dan Phuong (Ha Noi), Phu Dien (Ha Noi) and Hai Duong city (Hai Duong). Based on results of morphological observation and ITS sequencing analysis, 48 endophytic fungi were classified to one of the four species, including Clasdosporium colombiae, Cladosporium halotolerans, Corynespora cassiicola and Albifimbria terrestris. The potential of the isolated endophytic fungal species for the mass production of pharmacologically active compounds will be investigated in future studies.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on primary healthcare staff working at the National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from August 2019 to April 2020. We aimed to assess healthcare staff members’ awareness on patient safety culture (PSC) using a self-administered Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire (HSPSC). The overall PSC awareness was only 60.4%. 9 out of 12 PSC items were considered PSC strength dimensions. Areas with room for improvement include “Non-punitive Response to Errors” (50.7%), “Frequency of events reported” (41.2%), and “Organisational learning - continuous improvement” (67.8%). It is necessary to strengthen the quality of training on the safety of the entire staff, encourage communication and report on medical errors to improve the quality of health care.

For the first time, this paper presents the distribution of gases (CO2, hydrocarbon C1-C4, H2, He) in 39 gas samples in bottom sediments from 19 gravity cores located in the southwestern sub-basin of the South China Sea (known as Bien Dong). The surface sediments in the studied area are mostly clay and silty clay (mud). In general, the concentration of methane varies in a wide range of 0.5–440 ppm. Anomalous values of methane were detected at many locations along the slope area of the southwest sub-basin of the South China Sea. The value of 40 ppm could be considered as a background concentration of methane in the studied region. The presence of a large-scale degassing zone of methane in the studied area was proposed. Besides, heavy hydrocarbon gases (ethylene, ethane, propane, and butane) were also determined with the highest values up to 70 ppm, 124 ppm, and 50 ppm for ethylene, ethane and propane, respectively. In addition, data of carbon dioxide, hydro and helium expose some anomalous values of H2 up to 56.7 ppm.

In this paper, a solution to improve the precision in speed control for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) based on fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller (FASMC) is proposed. In order to tackle the nonlinear tracking problem, continuously switching topologies are embedded. The designed algorithm and the closed electric drive system stability is examined by employing corresponding Lyapunov candidate functions. The results are numerically simulated and experimentally verified in the environment of MATLAB-Simulink, control Desk with dSPACE 1104 card, proving the applicability of the control algorithm which not only works well in simulations but also in practice for possible industrial traction drive applications.

A method for the simultaneous determination of Nisin A and Nisin Z in nutritional products by LC-MS/MS has been developed. Sample treatment was performed by ultrasonic extraction using a mixture of 0.1 M CH3COONH4 buffer solution - 1.0 M NaCl (pH 2.0): MeOH (1:1, v/v) at room temperature for 10 minutes. Extracts were then cleaned through C18 solid phase extraction column (500 mg, 3 mL) and analyzed on LC-MS/MS instrument using a C18 column (100 mm × 2 mm × 1.7 µm) with ESI (+) mode. The method was validated for linear calibration curve in the range of 10 - 1,000 µg/L; relative standard deviation (RSD) 2.12 - 5.77%; recovery 80.1 - 105%, meeting AOAC requirements. The method has been applied to analyze 25 samples of nutritious food collected from the local markets (including: liquid milk, powdered milk, butter, cheese, nutritious powder), showing that two samples were detected both Nisin A and Nisin Z.

In this paper, for finding a common zero of a finite family of m-accretive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, we propose an implicit iteration algorithm and an explicit one, based on a convex combination of the steepest-descent method and a composition of resolvents. We also show that our main algorithm contains some iterative ones in literature as special cases. Finally, we give numerical examples for illustration.

The paper presents the results of evaluating and determining the potential exploitation reserves of groundwater in Ca Mau province. In particular, the study has identified the regional hydrogeological parameters, assessed potential exploitation reserves of groundwater, forecasted water level fluctuations, determined quantities of groundwater supply from the sea and from rainwater according to space and time, and detailedly established input parameters and boundary value for hydrogeological modelling. Calculation results show that the total potential reserves of qp2-3 aquifer is 1,924,111 m3 per day, in which the fresh water is 1,072,145 m3 per day (accounting for 55.7%) and the salt water is 623,067 m3 per day (accounting for 44.3%).

This article has established a set of empirical equations to describe the relationship between bulk resistivity and TDS of the Upper-Middle Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) and Lower Pleistocene aquifer (qp1) of the for field survey in 2017 in Ca Mau province. This article has determined the content of TDS based on EC (TDSEC) and established correlation regression equation between TDSLAB and TDS is based on the EC of the qp2-3 aquifer: Y = 0.549X – 0.081 with R2 = 0.975 and Standard Error (SE) = 0.1591. The qp1 aquifer: Y = 0.4669X + 0.0483 with R2 = 0.9869, Standard Error (SE) = 0.0949. Based on these regression correlation equations, we found a high correlation coefficient and small deviation between TDSLAB and TDSEC. Therefore, the determination of TDS content through the EC has reduced the cost of groundwater samples of the aquifers of laboratory analysis in Ca Mau province.

With the breakthrough of electromagnetic power transfer technology, wireless charging has emerged as a hopeful solution for the energy provisioning problem in wireless sensor networks. One of the prominent issues that affect the potential exploitation of this technology is the charging scheduling problem. However, existing works on this topic either focus mainly on using a single mobile charger for the whole network or suffer from several common limitations such as enforcing the chargers to visit all sensors or applying the rigid full-charging scheme. Moreover, they rarely delve into maximizing the survival nodes ratio, which impacts directly on the multi-hop communication of the network. This paper addresses the charging scheduling for multiple mobile chargers without the above limitations. We first formulate a maximum survival ratio problem and prove its NP-hardness. A charging scheme that exploits the advantages of the multifactorial evolutionary algorithm is then proposed to optimize the charging paths of all chargers simultaneously. We finally evaluate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm through extensive simulations. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheduling scheme provides promising outcomes in terms of survival ratio and the traveling energy of chargers.

Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network has emerged as a potential solution for the constrained energy problem in sensor networks in recent years. The charging process has been employed to prolong the sensor’s lifetime. An effective charging algorithm requires simultaneously optimize the charging path and charging time at each charging location under the Mobile Charger’s limited energy. The existing methods, however, are generally lacking in the literature. Moreover, most works are based on the assumption that Mobile Charger has sufficient or infinite energy to visit and charge all sensors within each charging cycle. This constraint leads to prolonging the waiting charging time of energy-hurry sensors and unnecessary visiting of energy-sufficient sensors. In this paper, we aim at minimizing energy depletion and the charging cost of Mobile Charger in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks without the mentioned limitations above. We first mathematically formulate the investigated problem as mixed integer and linear programming. We propose a novel partial charging scheme based on fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms to determine which sensors should be charged in each cycle and optimize both charging paths and charging time simultaneously. A range of experimental simulations is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our charging scheme. The simulation results show our proposed algorithm’s effectiveness compared to the existing works concerning various performance metrics.

Lipophilic extractives of wood cause pitch deposition during pulp and paper production, leading to serious economic losses and environmental pollution. Natural seasoning of wood material before pulping can reduce wood extractives, but there is no control of the pulp yield and quality. Pretreatment of the wood chips with selected fungi is regarded as better controlled seasoning with effective removal of problematic extractives. Commercially available fungal preparations are effective mostly for softwood, but not quite suitable for Acacia mangium and hybrid hardwood—the main pulpwood of Vietnam. In this paper, a fungal isolate TD36 was identified as white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus sp. TD36 based on the biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Having high activity of ligninolytic enzymes, amylase and protease, Pleurotus sp. TD36 was able to degrade lignin-like compounds (guaiacol, Remazol Brilliant Blue), starch and casein. Degradation of wood extractives was evaluated by laccase and sterol esterase assays of the fungus in shake flask cultures and in pretreatment of Acacia wood chips. Favorable conditions for wood pretreatment were selected, including: inoculum size, 1% v/w; wood moisture, 60% v/w; temperature, 28–30 °C and 30 days. Under such conditions, Pleurotus sp. TD36 removed about 68 ± 2.75% of wood acetone extractives soluble in chloroform. Of that, about 73–89% of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, 76% of free sterols and 63% of sterol ester, were removed. Fungal pretreatment did not significantly affect the cellulose content of wood and Kraft pulp yield.

Capturing psychological changes and aspirations of the young, especially students, is always the essential concerns. However, this is still a big challenge not only for administrators but also for psychologists. Due to the population of sharing inside feeling trends through confessions in student communities, confession pages become a valuable source for identifying the interests and attitudes of communities. In our research, we propose a confession pages mining methodology based on text analysis method. This method is applied to several confession pages of student communities in a year to find out interest issues and their attitude. As a result, the model achieved average accuracy as F-measure = 62.45% for interest issues classification and F-measure = 76.43% for sentiment classification. The model have been applied to mining characteristics of community of four universities.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to revisit the characteristics of Vietnam’s foreign policy since its renovation in 1986, also known as Doi Moi, and explore its future trajectory in the coming decades. Methodology: This study employs a well-established analytical framework relying on the two-level game theory in foreign policy analysis which denotes that a state’s foreign policy is shaped by both external and domestic factors. Primary data are collected from a wide range of trusted resources and databases and communications of the authors with Vietnamese veteran diplomats and foreign policymakers. Main finding: This article finds that three decades since the launching of Doi Moi in 1986, fundamental principles of Vietnam’s foreign policy remains intact. Because both domestic and external foundations for the initial stage of renovation have fundamentally been replaced by new contexts, Hanoi will likely move towards the so-called Doi Moi 2.0 characterized by greater proactiveness and determination. Applications of this study: This study has implication for policymakers, scholars and experts in the disciplines and subfields of politics, international relations, foreign policy analysis given that Vietnam has been well known for its significant achievements in its diplomatic relations after the Cold War and it is playing a growing role in regional and international affairs. The originality of this study: This study makes an original contribution to the existing literature of Vietnam’s foreign policy because it digs into an issue where only a few numbers of scholars have touched upon and provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing Hanoi’s mindset, shaping Vietnam’s national interests and formulating Vietnam’s foreign policy in the coming decades.

Thanks to the advancements in wireless power transfer technologies, a new paradigm of wireless sensor network (WSNs) called wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs) has recently emerged. For a WRSN, designing an efficient charging schedule is a challenging issue due to the inherent constraints of WSNs. Although there have been many efforts to optimize the charging schedule, the existing works suffer from several critical problems. Firstly, they rarely tackle the dead node minimization problem, which is the ultimate objective of wireless charging. Secondly, most of the existing works assume impractical conditions, which include the unlimited battery capacity of the charger, and a fully charging scheme at the sensors. In this paper, aiming at minimizing the number of dead nodes, we propose a novel charging scheme based on the genetic algorithm. Our scheme works when the mobile charger has only limited capacity, and the sensors are charged partially at each charging round. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithm reduces the number of dead nodes significantly compared to other existing studies.

The response of 10 rice cultivars, including the salt-tolerant variety (Pokkali) and salt-susceptible variety (IR29) as controls at five salinity levels (i.e., 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS·m–1) under hydroponic conditions was studied at the seedling stage in the greenhouse. The heading stage was evaluated at the salinity level of 8 dS·m–1 in a completely randomized block with 3 replications per each cultivar under non-saline and saline conditions. The results show that the growth of cultivars is retarded severely at the external salinity levels. Almost all leaves dried and died completely (score 7 and 9) at the level of 8 to 10 dS·m–1. Cultivars IR29 and OM7347 died (score 9) at 10 dS·m–1; whereas, Pokkali and IR93350 were evaluated at score 5. Salinity induces the reduction of overall agronomic parameters of cultivars, especially in dry weight relative-to-reduction over control (ROC%), salt tolerance index (STI%), pollen germination, and grain yield. Salinity-sensitive cultivars decreased their pollen viability by more than 50%, leading to a poor grain yield at a salt level of 8 dS·m–1. Tested cultivars as an initial response to salinity stress were ranked as follows: OM7347, IR87832-303-1-B, and IR29 – susceptible; OM8104, IR93340, and IR93343 – moderately tolerant, and IR86385-8D-1-2-B, IR5040, IR93350, and Pokkali – tolerant.Keywords: heading stage, pollen germination, susceptible, seedling stage, salinity-tolerant

This study analyzes climate change policies and highlights encouraging practices as well as continuing challenges of effective multilevel climate governance in practice. The research is based on a quantitative analysis method using the outcomes from multi-stakeholders, policy-makers, researchers and representatives from non-governmental organizations. Study results touched on the following areas: (1) Vietnam’s policies on climate change, (2) multilevel activites implemented to copewith climate change, and (3) some barriers impedingthe implementation of climate change policies in practice.The study is written for both policy-makers and development practitioners working in Vietnam to facilitate development of multi-stakeholder, multilevel partnerships that are grounded in community engagement from the outset, with the aim of overcoming barriers to translate policies more effectively into on-the-ground action.

Vietnam agricultural cooperatives have a long history of establishment and development from the 1950s. This business model has experienced many stages of rises and falls. The Van Duc Co-operative, operating currently under the condition of the new Cooperative Law of 2012 and specializing in vegetable production and supplying input and output services to its members, is a case of success. Despite challenges of competition and business capital, the success of Van Duc Co-operative is the result of many factors, namely the experience and awareness of famers in safe vegetable production, production strategies and process management, active managers and effective marketing strategies, and external supports. The Van Duc Co-operative benefits local people and the community in many ways; the local people are proud of the cooperative’s brand on safe vegetables, farmers’ minds are changing toward safe products production, and economics and the environment are improved.