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4. Moschiola undescribed species Remarks. – Asingleskullfrom Nuwara Eliya, 6°58’N, 80°46’E, 2013m (= 6607 feet), differsfromallothermembersof the genus; it is intermediatein some featuresand idiosyncratic in others. It may prove to represent a fourth species. Its external characters are unknown., Published as part of Groves, C. P. & Meijaard, E., 2005, Interspecific Variation In Moschiola, The Indian Chevrotain, pp. 413-422 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (suppl 12) (suppl 12) s 12 on page 420, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7187409

2. Moschiola meminna Erxleben, 1777 Type. – none in existence. Type locality. – (here selected), Wariyapola, 7°37’N, 80°13’E, 416m, North Central Province, Sri Lanka. Distribution. – Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Diagnosis. – Colour and pattern much as in M. indica, but upper row of spots does notextensively fuse into acontinuous stripe on the shoulder. Size small, hindlegs relatively long (this is not an artifact of differing measurement styles; it can be verified bylaying the hindlegs. Measurements mostly intermediate between the other two species; in that the observed ranges are completely separate (and the means are at least 1 s.d. apart, usually 2 s.d.), the following are diagnostic cf. M. indica (in mm): zygomaticbreadth M. kathygre new species: hindfoot>120., Published as part of Groves, C. P. & Meijaard, E., 2005, Interspecific Variation In Moschiola, The Indian Chevrotain, pp. 413-422 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (suppl 12) (suppl 12) s 12 on page 418, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7187409, {"references":["Erxleben, C. P., 1777. Systema Regni Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates, cum Synonymia et Historia Animalium. Classis I, Mammalia. Weygand, Leipzig. xlviii + 636 pp."]}

3. Moschiola kathygre new species Type. – B.M. 46.209, skin and skull. Type locality. – Kumbalgamuwa, 7°06’N, 80°51’E, 747m (= 2454 feet), Kandy District, Central Province, Sri Lanka. Distribution. – Wet Zone of Sri Lanka, from Sinharaja Forest through the lowlands around Colombo north to Katagamuwa on the border of the Dry Zone at 6°24’N, 81°25’E, and into the highlands at least to the Kandy district. Diagnosis. – Coloura muchwarmer, more ochery brownthan other species; spots and stripes are yellowed, not white; at least twotolerably complete longitudinal stripes along flanks, with an elongated spot-row between them, and two spotrows above them; the upper stripe curves round on shoulder to be continuous with the anterior transverse stripes; two bold stripes over the haunch, and a third one further back under the tail; haunch is more densely spotted; crown and nose less darkened; on underside is a sharp differentiation between a white median strip and the pale ochery of the rest of underside; lower halves of the hindlimbs are darker. Size small, hindlegs relatively short. The followingmeasurements are diagnostic cf. M. indica (in mm): tail length max. 26, width across canine alveoli M. indica and M. meminna: hindfoot length max. 115. Compared to both other species, rostrum breadth is less relative to skull length; compared to M. meminna, bullae are narrower, especially relativeto interbullar distance. Etymology. – Greek kathygre, feminine of kathygros (kata [down from, on account of] + hygros [wetness], hence = growing in wet places, with reference toits Wet Zone habitat)., Published as part of Groves, C. P. & Meijaard, E., 2005, Interspecific Variation In Moschiola, The Indian Chevrotain, pp. 413-422 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (suppl 12) (suppl 12) s 12 on pages 419-420, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7187409

1. Moschiola indica Gray, 1852 Type. – BM 45.8.12.9/10 (specimen apparently now lost). Type locality. – “Eastern Ghats”. Distribution. – India, from the southern tip to about 24º N, in both the east (Mandla, Hoshangabad, Palamau) and west (Rajasthan). Diagnosis. – Colour dull brown; stripes and spots are very clear, white; upper row of spots forms a continuous stripe on the shoulder, but disintegrates into spots halfway back along the body, and other longitudinal stripes are broken completely into rows of elongated spots; the three spot-rows across croup and rump partly fused to stripes; crown and forehead dark brown; underside pale beige, becoming creamy medially. Size very large, with long hindlegs; skull broad, especially across rostrum. Diagnostic measurements (in mm): hindfoot>140, zygomaticbreadth>50, occipitalheight (measured from basion)>27.8, width across canine alveoli>15.2, least maxillary breadth>14.5, braincase>34.2., Published as part of Groves, C. P. & Meijaard, E., 2005, Interspecific Variation In Moschiola, The Indian Chevrotain, pp. 413-422 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (suppl 12) (suppl 12) s 12 on page 418, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7187409, {"references":["Gray, J. E., 1852. Catalogue of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. Part 3: Ungulata Furcipeda. xvi + 286 pp, 37 pls."]}

Meijaard, E., Groves, C. P. (2004): A taxonomic revision of the Tragulus mouse-deer (Artiodactyla). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 140 (1): 63-102, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00091.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00091.x

Hyemoschus Gray, 1845. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1], 16:350. TYPE SPECIES: Moschus aquaticus Ogilby, 1841., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189

Tragulus Pallas, 1779. Spicil. Zool., 13:27. TYPE SPECIES: Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765. COMMENTS: Original citation, Brisson, 1762, Regn. Anim., 2nd ed., 12:65-68, is not available according to Hopwood (1947)., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189, {"references":["Brisson, M. J. 1762. Le regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem dibvisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species. T. Haak, Paris, 296 pp.","Hopwood, A. T. 1947. The generic names of the mandrill and baboons, with notes on some of the genera of Brisson, 1762. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 117: 533 - 536."]}

Hyemoschus aquaticus (Ogilby, 1841). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840:35 [1841]. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Bulham Creek. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Ghana; Nigeria to Zaire, marginally entering Uganda. STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana). SYNONYMS: batesi, cottoni., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189

Peter Grubb (1993): Order Artiodactyla. In: Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (2nd Edition). Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press: 377-414, ISBN: 1-56098-217-9, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359189

Tragulus napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2, 4(37):4 pp. "Chevrotain napu". TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, S Sumatra. DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Balabac Isl (Philippines), Sumatra, many adjacent islands. SYNONYMS: abjectus, abruptus, amoenus, anambensis, annae, bancanus, banguei, batuanus, billitonus, borneanus, bunguranensis, canescens, flavicollis, formosus, hendersoni, jugularis, lutescens, neubronneri, niasis, nigricans, nigricollis, nigrocinctus, parallelus, perflavus, pretiellus, pretiosus, rufulus, sebucus, siantanicus, stanleyanus, terutus, umbrinus, versicolor. COMMENTS: In older literature, mistakenly given the name T. javanicus; see Van Bemmel (1949b)., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 383, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189, {"references":["Van Bemmel, A. C. V. 1949 b. Notes on Indo-Australian mammals. 1. A note on Lutrogale perspicillata (I. Geoffroy) (Mustelidae). 2. On the meaning of the name Cervus javanicus Osbeck 1765 (Tragulidae). Treubia, 20: 375 - 380."]}

Moschiola Hodgson, 1843. Calcutta J. Nat. Hist., 4:292. TYPE SPECIES: Tragulus mimenoides Hodgson, 1842 (= Moschus meminna Erxleben, 1777). COMMENTS: Treated as a full genus by Groves and Grubb (1987), following Flerov (1931)., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189, {"references":["Hodgson, B. H. 1842. Notice of the mammals of Tibet, with descriptions and plates of some new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 11: 275 - 289.","Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp.","Groves, C. P., and P. Grubb. 1987. Relationships of living deer. Pp. 2 l- 59, in Biology and management of the Cervidae (C. M. Wemmer, ed.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 577 pp.","Flerov, C. C. 1931. On the generic characters of the Fam. Tragulidae (Mamm., Artiodactyla). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1931: 75 - 79."]}

Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765). Reise nach Ostindien und China, p. 357. TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, W Java, Udjon Kulon Peninsula. DISTRIBUTION: Indochina, Thailand, Yunnan (China), Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, many adjacent islands. SYNONYMS: affinis, angustiae, brevipes, carimatae, everetti, focalinus, fulvicollis, fulviventer, fuscatus, hosei; indicus Brisson, 1765 (not available); insularis, kanchil, klossi, lampensis, lancavensis, longipes, luteicollis, masae, mergatus, natunae, pallidus, pelandoc, penangensis, pidonis, pierrei, pinius, pumilus, ravulus, ravus, rubeus, russeus, russulus, subrufus, virgicollis, williamsoni. COMMENTS: In older literature, known as T. kanchil; see Van Bemmel (1949b)., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189, {"references":["Van Bemmel, A. C. V. 1949 b. Notes on Indo-Australian mammals. 1. A note on Lutrogale perspicillata (I. Geoffroy) (Mustelidae). 2. On the meaning of the name Cervus javanicus Osbeck 1765 (Tragulidae). Treubia, 20: 375 - 380."]}

Moschiola meminna (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regn. Anim., 1:322. TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka. DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka, peninsular India, Nepal. SYNONYMS: indica, malaccensis, mimenoides., Published as part of Peter Grubb, 1993, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 377-414 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359189

Tragulus meminna (Erxleben, 1777). Syst. Regn. Anim., 1:322. TYPE LOCALITY: Sri Lanka. DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka; peninsular India; Nepal. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005002002001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 319, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976

James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (1982): Order Artiodactyla. In: James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman, James W. Koeppl (Eds): Mammal Species of the World (1st Edition). Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections: 315-343, ISBN: 0-89327-235-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352976

Hyemoschus Gray, 1845. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 16: 350. REVIEWED BY: R. G. Van Gelder (RGVG). ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005001000000., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 318, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976

Tragulus Pallas, 1779. Spied. Zool., 13:27. COMMENT: Original citation, Brisson, 1762, Regn. Anim., 2nd ed., 12:65-68, is not available. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005002000000., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 318, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976, {"references":["Brisson, M. J. 1762. Le regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem dibvisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species. T. Haak, Paris, 296 pp."]}

Tragulus napu (F. Cuvier, 1822). In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., 37:2. TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, S. Sumatra. DISTRIBUTION: Indochina; Thailand; Malaysia; Borneo; Balabac Isl. (Philippines); Sumatra; many adjacent isls. ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005002003001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 319, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976

Hyemoschus aquaticus (Ogilby, 1841). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1840:35. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone, Bulham Creek. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Leone to Gabon to Zaire and Uganda. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix III (Ghana). ISIS NUMBER: 5301419005001001001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 315-343 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 318, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352976