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INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely studied as an alternative to antibiotic use due to their antimicrobial properties at lower concentrations. Enterococcus faecalis is a facultative Gram-positive microorganism inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It can also be present in other environments such as the oral cavity, water, sewage, soil and food. AIMS We evaluated whether E. faecalis could develop resistance to silver NPs (AgNPs) after exposure to sublethal concentrations of the NPs. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic analyses revealed that different pathways were activated during the acquired resistance under sublethal concentrations, and selected genes were validated by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that E. faecalis is capable of generating resistance to AgNPs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To avoid the generation of resistance against AgNPs, future use of these NPs should be combined with other NPs prepared with different metals to prevent the dissemination of resistant strains.

La educación sexual, un medio importante para la formación de los jóvenes estudiantes que debe ser pertinente para sus experiencias sexuales de forma consciente, responsable y segura. El artículo presenta un estado del arte sobre la producción científica en materia de educación sexual en estudiantes universitarios en los últimos cinco años. El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo y cuantitativo de una muestra de 90 artículos seleccionados que se enfocaron a la educación sexual en general o a dimensiones específicas de la sexualidad y el conocimiento que los estudiantes universitarios tienen de estas. Los resultados muestran que las publicaciones científicas se han orientado hacia investigaciones transversales basadas en la confirmación de hipótesis, por lo que se recomienda abrir futuras líneas de investigación proyectiva para el diseño e implementación de proyectos enfocados a la educación sexual universitaria.

Although splicing occurs largely co-transcriptionally, the order by which introns are removed does not necessarily follow the order in which they are transcribed. Whereas several genomic features are known to influence whether or not an intron is spliced before its downstream neighbour, multiple questions related to intron splicing order (ISO) remain unanswered. Here, we present Insplico, the first standalone tool to quantify ISO that works with both short and long read sequencing technologies. We first demonstrate its applicability and effectiveness recapitulating previously reported patterns, while unveiling overlooked biases associated with long read sequencing. We next show that ISO around individual exons is remarkably constant across cell and tissue types and even upon major spliceosomal disruption, and it is evolutionarily conserved between human and mouse brains. We also establish a set of universal features associated with ISO patterns across various animal and plant species. Finally, we used Insplico to investigate ISO in the context of tissue-specific exons, particularly focusing on SRRM4-dependent microexons. We found that the majority of such microexons have non-canonical ISO, in which the downstream intron is spliced first, and we revealed two potential modes of SRRM4 regulation of microexons related to their ISO and various splicing-related features. Insplico is available on gitlab.com/aghr/insplico.

The synthesis of copper citrate complex supported on acid-activated vermiculite was investigated with a view to preparing an efficient, mild, robust and recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction. The new catalyst was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Copper citrate supported over activated vermiculite (AAVrm-Cu2) showed good catalytic activity in the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones. The catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction mixture by filtration and retains its catalytic activity for up to five cycles of reaction with no apparent decrease in yield.

Introduction. Silver nanoparticles are used in endodontics due to their antimicrobial activity, although it is considered that bacteria are unable to develop resistance to silver nanoparticles. Silver resistance genes have been related to resistance to nanoparticles and antibiotics. The presence of these resistance genes has not been studied in endodontic bacteria. The objective of this study is to report the prevalence of silver resistance genes in endodontic bacteria. Methods. The selected teeth were isolated using a rubber dam and any restoration, post, or caries was eliminated. The operative field was disinfected, and the root-filling material was removed. The samples were obtained using three sterile paper points to absorb the fluid of the root canal. The DNA from the samples and the control organism was extracted, and the detection of the silCBA resistance genes was carried out by PCR. Results. The results of this study show a high prevalence (73.3%) of silCBA silver resistance genes. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized to identify correlations between the presence of genes and clinical variables. Conclusions. This study reports a high frequency of silver resistance genes related to nanoparticle resistant from bacteria.

Sexual education is an important element in young student’s formation, it must be pertinent to develop conscious, responsible, and safe sexual experiences. This article presents a state of art about scientific production in sexual education among university students in the last five years. The design of this study was descriptive and quantitative, the sample consisted of 90 scientific papers which are focused on sexual education in a general way or on specific dimensions of sexuality and the knowledge university students have about these. The results show that the scientific papers are oriented to transversal research and are based on the confirmation of hypothesis. Consequently, it is recommended to open new lines of research for the design and implementation of projects, to focus on sexual education at university level., La educación sexual, un medio importante para la formación de los jóvenes estudiantes que debe ser pertinente para sus experiencias sexuales de forma consciente, responsable y segura. El artículo presenta un estado del arte sobre la producción científica en materia de educación sexual en estudiantes universitarios en los últimos cinco años. El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo y cuantitativo de una muestra de 90 artículos seleccionados que se enfocaron a la educación sexual en general o a dimensiones específicas de la sexualidad y el conocimiento que los estudiantes universitarios tienen de estas. Los resultados muestran que las publicaciones científicas se han orientado hacia investigaciones transversales basadas en la confirmación de hipótesis, por lo que se recomienda abrir futuras líneas de investigación proyectiva para el diseño e implementación de proyectos enfocados a la educación sexual universitaria., La educación sexual es un medio importante para la formación de los jóvenes estudiantes que debe ser pertinente para poder desarrollar sus experiencias sexuales de forma consciente, responsable y segura. El artículo presenta un estado del arte sobre la producción científica en materia de educación sexual en estudiantes universitarios en los últimos cinco años. El diseño de la investigación fue descriptivo y cuantitativo de una muestra de 90 artículos seleccionados que se enfocaron a la educación sexual en general o a dimensiones específicas de la sexualidad y el conocimiento que los estudiantes universitarios tienen de estas. Los resultados muestran que las publicaciones científicas se han orientado hacia investigaciones transversales basadas en la confirmación de hipótesis, por lo que se recomienda abrir futuras líneas de investigación proyectiva para el diseño e implementación de proyectos enfocados a la educación sexual universitaria.

Las estrategias de mercadeo son una herramienta que a lo largo del tiempo les ha permitido a las empresas prevalecer ante los hábitos cambiantes del ser humano, estas abren canales de comunicación entre las stakeholders de la organización, y a través de las estrategias basadas en los medios digitales se logra establecer una comunicación bidireccional entre la empresa y sus clientes. El hotel “La Reliquia” establecido en el departamento de Boyacá, es una de las empresas que requiere de un mayor fortalecimiento de estas estrategias, puesto que debido a los antecedentes de conflicto la región, del Covid-19 y de la falta de desarrollo de conectividad a la red, no ha sido posible impulsar satisfactoriamente su actividad económica. Es por esto, que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fortalecer la presencia de la empresa en medios digitales obteniendo posicionamiento en el mercado y así lograr un reconocimiento a nivel nacional, esto se llevará a cabo mediante la aplicación y diseño de estrategias como el Buyer persona, el FODA, estrategias de contenido y social media, cronogramas, presupuesto e indicadores KPI.

RNA splicing is widely dysregulated in cancer, frequently due to altered expression or activity of splicing factors (SFs). Microexons are extremely small exons (3–27 nucleotides long) that are highly evolutionarily conserved and play critical roles in promoting neuronal differentiation and development. Inclusion of microexons in mRNA transcripts is mediated by the SF Serine/Arginine Repetitive Matrix 4 (SRRM4), whose expression is largely restricted to neural tissues. However, microexons have been largely overlooked in prior analyses of splicing in cancer, as their small size necessitates specialized computational approaches for their detection. Here, we demonstrate that despite having low expression in normal nonneural tissues, SRRM4 is further silenced in tumors, resulting in the suppression of normal microexon inclusion. Remarkably, SRRM4 is the most consistently silenced SF across all tumor types analyzed, implying a general advantage of microexon down-regulation in cancer independent of its tissue of origin. We show that this silencing is favorable for tumor growth, as decreased SRRM4 expression in tumors is correlated with an increase in mitotic gene expression, and up-regulation of SRRM4 in cancer cell lines dose-dependently inhibits proliferation in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. Further, this proliferation inhibition is accompanied by induction of neural-like expression and splicing patterns in cancer cells, suggesting that SRRM4 expression shifts the cell state away from proliferation and toward differentiation. We therefore conclude that SRRM4 acts as a proliferation brake, and tumors gain a selective advantage by cutting off this brake., This project was funded in part by a grant from the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación to L.S. (PGC2018-101271-B-I00, http://www.ciencia.gob.es). S.A.H. is supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MSCA-IF-2017-794629, http://ec.europa.eu/). X.H. is supported by a PhD fellowship from the Fundación Ramón Areces (http://www.fundacionareces.es). We acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, ‘Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa’, the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) to the EMBL partnership.

En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se muestran habilidades geométricas de niños y niñas de segundo de Educación Primaria, al realizar actividades manipulativas con figuras geométricas. Se realiza una reflexión sobre el aprendizaje de la geometría en la Educación Primaria y en concreto, del papel que juegan los materiales manipulativos en el aprendizaje. Se expone una experiencia de aula realizada en una clase de segundo de Educación Primaria (7 y 8 años). Se realizan actividades geométricas utilizando un material manipulativo que consta de diferentes figuras geométricas. Las habilidades geométricas desarrolladas son: 1. Identificar 2. Componer, 3. Copiar, 4. Dibujar, 5 Relacionar. Se destacan las adaptaciones realizadas de las actividades de dos alumnos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales. En las conclusiones se indica que los alumnos tuvieron un adecuado aprendizaje geométrico en las actividades planteadas. In this End of Degree Project geometric skills of boys and girls in the second year of Primary Education are shown, by carrying out manipulative activities with geometric figures. A reflection is made on the learning of geometry in Primary Education and specifically, the role that manipulative materials play in learning. A classroom experience carried out in a second class of Primary Education (7 and 8 years) is exposed. Geometric activities are carried out using a manipulative material consisting of different geometric figures. The geometric skills developed are: 1. Identify 2. Compose, 3. Copy, 4. Draw, 5 Relate. The adaptations made to the activities of two students with Special Educational Needs are highlighted. The conclusions indicate that the students had adequate geometric learning in the proposed activities.