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Previous research has demonstrated initiation of alcohol during adolescence has a negative effect on both school attendance and missed instruction due to behavior. Utilizing longitudinal data comprised of primarily Black American youth between ages 11 and 18 (N = 931), both the short-term and long-term effects of alcohol initiation were analyzed using a piecewise growth curve model. Results indicated that alcohol initiation negatively impacted school absences, but this effect was unique and independent of the age at which alcohol was initiated. The number of days of missed instruction due to school violations was also negatively impacted, but the effect was found to be more detrimental to those youth initiating alcohol at a younger age. By age 18, early alcohol initiators had a significantly greater number of days of missed instruction due to school violations, yet did not differ in the number of school absences. Implications of the results are discussed.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) allows for the transformation of written text into artistic images of varying styles. Scholars and researchers are beginning to explore the benefits of this technology to improve reflective practices and critical analyses in education. The extent to which AI-generated images can be used in nursing education (e.g., to explore cultural stereotypes or visual representations of the nursing profession) has not yet been studied. This article describes a case study of using generative-AI images created by "Midjourney" with undergraduate nursing students to examine their perceptions and fears of the nursing profession. The research explored how students experienced the process of using AIgenerated art as a teaching and learning tool to increase their reflections and discussions on professional nursing topics. Images were used to encourage introspection, collaborative reflection, and discussion on nursing topics. Results of this qualitative, exploratory study point to pedagogical and technological outcomes of using AI image-generation as a strategy to encourage reflection and discussion on student's perceptions and fears of the nursing profession. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

IntroductionAorto-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) accounts for

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified thousands of genetic variants linked to phenotypic traits and disease risk. However, mechanistic understanding of how GWAS variants influence complex morphological traits and can, in certain cases, simultaneously confer normal-range phenotypic variation and disease predisposition, is still largely lacking. Here, we focus on rs6740960, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 2p21 locus, which in GWAS studies has been associated both with normal-range variation in jaw shape and with an increased risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefting. Using in vitro derived embryonic cell types relevant for human facial morphogenesis, we show that this SNP resides in an enhancer that regulates chondrocytic expression of PKDCC - a gene encoding a tyrosine kinase involved in chondrogenesis and skeletal development. In agreement, we demonstrate that the rs6740960 SNP is sufficient to confer chondrocyte-specific differences in PKDCC expression. By deploying dense landmark morphometric analysis of skull elements in mice, we show that changes in Pkdcc dosage are associated with quantitative changes in the maxilla, mandible, and palatine bone shape that are concordant with the facial phenotypes and disease predisposition seen in humans. We further demonstrate that the frequency of the rs6740960 variant strongly deviated among different human populations, and that the activity of its cognate enhancer diverged in hominids. Our study provides a mechanistic explanation of how a common SNP can mediate normal-range and disease-associated morphological variation, with implications for the evolution of human facial features.

The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) has been used for decades to identify symptomatology of depression in individuals. Overtime, the factor structure of the scale has been both confirmed and challenged when applied to different population samples. The present study explores the factor structure in population sample consisting of impoverished African American parents (N=1,020), and the data were collected from the Mobile Youth Study (MYS). Two-, four-, and higher-order models were used to identify the best fitting model. The results indicate that the most parsimonious model is a two-factor structure.

Background Resistance exercise training (RET) is a common and well-established method to induce hypertrophy and improvement in strength. Interestingly, fish oil supplementation (FOS) may augment RET-induced adaptations. However, few studies have been conducted on young, healthy adults. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled design was used to determine the effect of FOS, a concentrated source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), compared to placebo (PL) on RET-induced adaptations following a 10-week RET program (3 days·week−1). Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (LBM, fat mass [FM], percent body fat [%BF]) and strength was measured by 1-repetition maximum barbell back squat (1RMSQT) and bench press (1RMBP) at PRE (week 0) and POST (10 weeks). Supplement compliance was assessed via self-report and bottle collection every two weeks and via fatty acid dried blood spot collection at PRE and POST. An a priori α-level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance and Cohen’s d was used to quantify effect sizes (ES). Results Twenty-one of 28 male and female participants (FOS, n = 10 [4 withdrawals]; PL, n = 11 [3 withdrawals]) completed the 10-week progressive RET program and PRE/POST measurements. After 10-weeks, blood EPA+DHA substantially increased in the FOS group (+109.7%, p

Introduction: Aging is an inherent and progressive process affecting all living organisms, characterized by physical, mental, and psychological changes. With the societal changes that involve rapid information exchange, there is also a change in the behavior of older individuals. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of health locus of control in older adults participating in exercise programs and its association with certain sociodemographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019. A total of 200 individuals aged 65 and older, who were participating in free exercise programs, were included. Among them, 190 were female, and only 10 were male. For the purposes of this study, the Health Locus of Control Scale (Croatian- ZLK-90) and a general questionnaire on demographic characteristics were used. The questionnaire was completed in a traditional pen-and-paper format. Results: The results of the Health Locus of Control Scale revealed that, among the respondents, the Eo scale (Circumstances) component had the highest median score of 21.00, while the Evd scale (Important Others) showed the lowest median at 18.00. Furthermore, the findings indicated statistically significant differences in certain subscales of the Health locus of control scale. Specifically, there was a significant difference in the Eo scale (Circumstances) associated with the respondents’ level of education, with the highest ranks found among individuals with the lowest education level. A statistically significant difference was also observed in the factor related to respondents’ living arrangements, demonstrating a significant variation in the I scale (Internal Locus) for those who live alone. Conclusion: This study unveiled the health-related locus of control level and its correlation with demographic characteristics in older adults engaged in exercise programs. The findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between the health locus of control and specific traits of the active older population.

Non-coding mutations at the far end of a large gene desert surrounding the SOX9 gene result in a human craniofacial disorder called Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Leveraging a human stem cell differentiation model, we identify two clusters of enhancers within the PRS-associated region that regulate SOX9 expression during a restricted window of facial progenitor development at distances up to 1.45 Mb. Enhancers within the 1.45 Mb cluster exhibit highly synergistic activity that is dependent on the Coordinator motif. Using mouse models, we demonstrate that PRS phenotypic specificity arises from the convergence of two mechanisms: confinement of Sox9 dosage perturbation to developing facial structures through context-specific enhancer activity and heightened sensitivity of the lower jaw to Sox9 expression reduction. Overall, we characterize the longest-range human enhancers involved in congenital malformations, directly demonstrate that PRS is an enhanceropathy, and illustrate how small changes in gene expression can lead to morphological variation.

The FaceBase Consortium was established by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research in 2009 as a 'big data' resource for the craniofacial research community. Over the past decade, researchers have deposited hundreds of annotated and curated datasets on both normal and disordered craniofacial development in FaceBase, all freely available to the research community on the FaceBase Hub website. The Hub has developed numerous visualization and analysis tools designed to promote integration of multidisciplinary data while remaining dedicated to the FAIR principles of data management (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) and providing a faceted search infrastructure for locating desired data efficiently. Summaries of the datasets generated by the FaceBase projects from 2014 to 2019 are provided here. FaceBase 3 now welcomes contributions of data on craniofacial and dental development in humans, model organisms and cell lines. Collectively, the FaceBase Consortium, along with other NIH-supported data resources, provide a continuously growing, dynamic and current resource for the scientific community while improving data reproducibility and fulfilling data sharing requirements.

AimsST-elevation myocardial infarction is associated with high levels of cardiac sympathetic drive and release of the co-transmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY). We hypothesized that despite beta-blockade, NPY promotes arrhythmogenesis via ventricular myocyte receptors.Methods and resultsIn 78 patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF) occurred in 6 (7.7%) within 48 h. These patients had significantly (P

Bullying in schools contributes to peer conflict, disruptive behavior, internalized victimization, and many other deleterious outcomes for students. This study examined the integration of a schoolwide bullying prevention intervention in a pre/post design comparing grade level aggregated data for elementary, middle, and high school across two timepoints. Results demonstrate that differences in response to bullying prevention occur across the two time points for each grade level. The greatest positive change was found for middle school students, indicating that bullying prevention could most effectively be delivered in middle school. Lack of significant changes may indicate that interventions may require more than one year, that the baseline scores were too high to detect significant change, or measures were not sensitive enough to detect change.

School noise is a serious, inevitable problem that teachers experience as stress or strain. Coping styles have a huge impact on teachers' mental health and therefore might influence this daily stress experience. Based on the stress-strain model and the transactional stress model, we examined in an online study how 99 teachers with different coping styles reacted to school noise. Four professional coping styles were derived from the overarching dimensions of professional commitment and experience resilience. The healthy type, the unambitious type, type A, and type burnout differed in terms of threat appraisal, noise stress, voice and hearing problems as well as noise-related burnout. Compared to the healthy type, types A and burnout showed higher levels of stress. Teachers of the risk types turned out to be more vulnerable to school noise than teachers of the healthy type. Specific prevention programs may help to improve teacher resilience.

Student noise can affect teachers' stress experience and work performance. Two experimental studies were conducted to examine these effects in more detail. Based on Lazarus' transactional stress model and the maximal adaptability theory, we assumed an increase in stress experience due to noise and stimulating effects of noise up to a point of maximal adaption before performance drops. The first experiment comprised 74 and the second experiment included 104 student teachers from a German university that were randomly assigned to one of three noise conditions. Participants were asked to complete a concentration test and correct a dictation. Results from analyses of variance were in support of our hypotheses. In both experiments, noise exposure increased stress experience. The first experiment showed positive effects and the second experiment negative effects of noise on participants' error correction. The results are discussed with respect to school noise affecting teachers' mental health and work performance.

Multi-physical contact behaviour is important in multiple disciplines related to the automotive industry. Nowadays battery-electric vehicles' (BEV) thermal management systems deal with contact between bodies where mechanical, electric, and thermal interaction occurs. The battery thermal management itself is crucial for cell life, safety, and everyday vehicle performance. Thus, comprehensive and accurate simulation of the multi-physical contact is a vital part of vehicle development. The multi-physical contact is represented by two or more bodies under applied mechanical load and a current or heat conducted throughout the realized contact area. The amount of conducted current/heat or generated Joule heat is the function of the contact area as well as contact pressure, thus the structural simulation should be essential for such thermal management system simulations Most of the current full vehicle battery pack CFD cooling simulations simplified the multi-physical contact as ideal. Detailed contact modelling is time-consuming, hence not applicable for the full vehicle modelling. In this work, a feasible approach based on contact resistance curves was implemented. Furthermore, the work demonstrates the necessity of correct structural contact prediction for a joule heating and thermal solution.