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Abstract Background The maternal mortality and perinatal mortality rate in Cameroon are among the highest worldwide. To improve these outcomes, we conducted a formative qualitative assessment to inform the adaptation of a mobile provider-to-provider intervention in Cameroon. We explored the complex interplay of structural barriers on maternity care in this low-resourced nation. The study aimed to identify structural barriers to maternal care during the early adaptation of the mobile Medical Information Service via Telephone (mMIST) program in Cameroon. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with 56 key stakeholders including previously and currently pregnant women, primary healthcare providers, administrators, and representatives of the Ministry of Health, recruited by purposive sampling. Thematic coding and analysis via modified grounded theory approach were conducted using NVivo12 software. Results Three main structural barriers emerged: (1) civil unrest (conflict between Ambazonian militant groups and the Cameroonian government in the Northwest), (2) limitations of the healthcare system, (3) inadequate physical infrastructure. Civil unrest impacted personal security, transportation safety, and disrupted medical transport system. Limitations of healthcare system involved critical shortages of skilled personnel and medical equipment, low commitment to evidence-based care, poor reputation, ineffective health system communication, incentives affecting care, and inadequate data collection. Inadequate physical infrastructure included frequent power outages and geographic distribution of healthcare facilities leading to logistical challenges. Conclusion Dynamic inter-relations among structural level factors create barriers to maternity care in Cameroon. Implementation of policies and intervention programs addressing structural barriers are necessary to facilitate timely access and utilization of high-quality maternity care.

SMK IT Al-Izhar Pekanbaru has implemented an Information System for Managing Report Values to make it easier for teachers to manage student report cards. This report card system has been used since 2015. The behavioral aspect is a very important aspect, because it relates directly to users. The thing that underlies this research is that there are still teachers who do not understand how to input student grades, so they tell other teachers to input grades into the system. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that most influence user behavior interest based on the UTAUT variable consisting of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and moderated by gender, age and experience variables. The results of this study indicate that the factors that most influence user behavior interest are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions. while the moderator variable gender affects user interest by 79.0%. As well as the finding of a gap (GAP) between the expectations of the school and the perception of users. To overcome the GAP, the school must evaluate and monitor the implementation of the report card value management information system at SMK IT Al-Izhar Pekanbaru.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas tiga isolat jamur M. anisopliae dan ekstrak tembakau dengan kerapatan dan konsentrasi berbeda dalam mengendalikan populasi hama P. xylostella. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2022 di Laboratorium Agens Hayati Brenjonk dan Laboratorium BPTPH Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 16 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 15 ekor P. xylostella yang diuji untuk mengetahui mortalitas, daya hambat makan, LC50, dan LT50 dengan sidik ragam ANOVA dan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas dan daya hambat tertinggi diperoleh dari isolat jamur koleksi Bojonegoro dan Jatisari dengan kerapatan 108 serta ekstrak tembakau konsentrasi 50 ml/L. Sedangkan nilai LC50 terbaik terdapat pada isolat jamur koleksi Jatisari yaitu 4,99% dan LT50 terbaik terdapat pada isolat jamur koleksi Bojonegoro yaitu 133,09 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat jamur M. anisopliae dan ekstrak tembakau memiliki kemampuan terbaik dalam menekan populasi hama P. xylostella.

National Waste Management Information System shows that the amount of waste handled in Semarang City over the last three years has decreased with an average decline index of 1.06% per year. This is reinforced by the results of interviews with the Semarang City Environmental Service, that the handling of organic waste is still very limited because so far the handling has been more focused on an-organic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate supply chain performance to determine the constraints in organic waste management from upstream to downstream. Based on the research results using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method through a focus group discussion process involving eight experts in the field of waste management, it is known that the supply chain performance for handling organic waste in Semarang City has 11 elements of constraints, which are divided into seven priority levels. The element with the highest priority is related to the availability of organic waste supplies, while the element with the lowest priority is technological innovation and the application of appropriate technology. Improving the performance of organic waste management supply chains should focus on elements according to priority.

Health reproduction knowledge is a crucial factor in preventing acts of early sexual behavior. Early sexual behavior is reflected in many ways, from attraction to different sexes to building a relationship and making physical contact. Adequate knowledge of sexuality in teenagers especially in health reproduction would prevent teenagers from acting in early sexual behavior. This activity aims to increase knowledge about the health of reproductive organs and the prevention of early sexual intercourse among Madrasah Aliyah students. The method used is education regarding the health of reproductive organs, pre-marital sexual psychology, and social jurisprudence approaches. All material is presented interestingly and interactively. This activity found that 63 percent of the participants had previous knowledge of this topic. More than 50 percent of respondents were students, and students had quite good knowledge about reproductive health. Madrasah Aliyah students already have sufficient knowledge about reproductive health, but it has not yet been seen whether it is enough to prevent students from premature sexual behavior. However, we do not have any data regarding the act of early sexual behavior among respondents or how knowledge in health reproduction would relate to the act of early sexual behavior.

Externalizing problems are common in children ages 6-14, can have lifelong consequences, and may pose a particular risk when combined with other risk factors and symptoms (like depression and anxiety). Schools are uniquely positioned to assess and address these types of behavioral health concerns, but many school-based assessments do not focus on mental health distress (partially because they often lack the infrastructure for identification, screening, and referral). To address this gap, the Behavioral Health Works program student mental health software system has integrated teacher training, psychometrically strong assessments, feedback, and referral tools. However, this self-report tool for adolescents needed to be adapted for younger children. Thus, a parent-report version was added as well as new scales for better assessing this age group. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the new parent-report attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant/conduct scales within a sample of 440 children referred for school-based assessments. Overall, the new scales demonstrated good structural validity, measurement invariance across most demographic groups, discrimination in item response theory analyses, and evidence of convergent validity and good classification accuracy in relation to a validation battery. These externalizing scales are distinct and precise and show promise for improving the effectiveness of school-based programs for identifying at-risk children.

Affective domain assessment is one of the activities carried out by lecturers in order to measure and determine the achievement of learning objectives. The affective domain is related to the attitudes and behavior of students as educated people in interacting with lecturers, other students and their environment. Disharmony between lecturers and students in the lecture process is the problem that is the object of this research. This is concrete evidence of the application of the affective domain. The aim of this research is to find out and describe the extent of the positive contribution of the affective domain in online learning for undergraduate students in the digital era. This research includes qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection methods use observation, interviews and questionnaires. The number of samples in this research was 35. These samples were students from the Faculty of Economics in the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The results of the research showed that students from the Faculty of Economics Undergraduate Program preferred offline learning or face-to-face learning in class compared to online learning. Students experience a decrease in their caring values ​​for their lecturers because they do not receive direct touch or interaction through in-class (offline) learning.

Background: One of the major causes of morbidity and death in children is malaria, and HIV infection and other factors may make the situation worse. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria parasitemia among HIV-infected children under 15 years in the Bonassama Health District, Douala, Cameroon, and investigate its association with CD4 cell counts, viral load, and haematological parameters. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study involving 287 HIV-infected children 3000 copies/μL(AOR = 2.933, 95 % 1.36–6.49), and CD4 count

This paper presents a study on the development and validation of a nonlinear finite element model for laminated composite shells, that considers a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and an explicit through-thickness integration. The model integrates a meso-scale damage analysis that considers progressive matrix and fiber failures. The model is compared with envelopes of experimental curves extracted from 3-point bending test coupons and shows accurate predictions.

The folkloric figure of the wild man (and wild humans, more broadly) exists in different cultural contexts worldwide. This work focuses on the historical examples of the wild man in Italian Alpine folklore, mainly in local art and folk narrative. The analysis of these examples suggests a deep connection between the wild man and the local image of wilderness, in opposition to the anthropic domain of the Alpine villagers. KEYWORDS: wild man, wilderness, folklore, narrative, art, The wild man is a character of folklore and art. The present work discusses the figure of the wild man in Europe and in the Italian Alpine region, narrowing the [...]

Stroke is an acute and focal neurological syndrome characterized by clinical deficits resulting from vascular injuries such as infarction or hemorrhage in the central nervous system. Given the prevalence of multiple comorbidities among stroke patients, they often find themselves on more than five medications, falling into the category of polypharmacy. Beyond treatments aimed at improving stroke outcomes and managing comorbid conditions, the presence of additional diseases may necessitate new therapies, potentially leading to side effects that can intersect and exacerbate the existing disease. This case report aims to present instances of hyperglycemia in stroke patients undergoing high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and discuss potential strategies to address this issue. In this particular case, human insulin was selected to rapidly control the patient's hyperglycemic condition. Subsequently, adjustments to basal and bolus insulin doses were made based on the frequency of use and duration of action of the glucocorticoid, specifically methylprednisolone. In conclusion, the hyperglycemia induced by glucocorticoids was identified through postprandial sugar monitoring, necessitating treatment through modifications to basal and bolus insulin doses. Strategies for managing hyperglycemia should be tailored to the pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoids and insulin.

The presence of metal contaminants such as Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) and microbial contaminants in bottled drinking water (AMDK) that are potentially harmful to human health must be maintained so as not to exceed the set limits. The standard method of testing for Mn and Cu metal contamination in bottled water involves the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) which refers to SNI 3554:2015. Microbial contamination testing in bottled water was carried out by measuring several parameters such as total plate count (ALT), Coliform test, E.coli test and Pseudomonas aeruginosa test with methods referring to SNI 3554:2015. The test results show that the level of Mn metal in AMDK is 0.001 mg/L with a very low relative variation (%RSD 0.00%), and the level of Cu metal is 0.004 mg/L with the same low relative variation (%RSD 0.00%). In addition, the microbial contamination test results for total plate counts were

Background and Aim: Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary metabolites in molds that grow in raw materials or commercial feed. This interaction has a synergistic effect on mortality, body weight, feed intake, embryo abnormalities, egg production, and lymphoid organ atrophy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a mycotoxin detoxifier on the blood profile of broilers that were given feed contaminated with mycotoxin, such as the number of heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 day-old chicks (DOC) of Cobb broilers were given four treatments with five replicates. The number of chickens used in this research was determined using statistical calculations, and the data obtained was homogeneous so that the population was represented. Treatments included negative control with basal feed (C-), positive control with mycotoxins contamination (C+), treatment 1: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.1 g/kg (T1), and treatment 2: Mycotoxins contamination and mycotoxin detoxification 1.6 g/kg (T2). Mycotoxin contamination comprised 0.1 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 0.1 mg/kg OTA. The treatment period for chickens was 28 days, from 8 to 35 days. A battery cage was used in this study. Chickens were kept in a closed, ventilated room and the room temperature (27°C) was monitored during the treatment period. Results: Based on the results of statistical data processing, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between chickens fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C+) and chickens not fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed (C-) and chickens given 1.6 g/kg mycotoxin detoxification (T2). Mycotoxin detoxification at a dose of 1.6 g/kg had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the heterophil, lymphocyte, and heterophil lymphocyte ratio, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels of the blood broiler in this experiment. On other parameters such as monocytes, MCH, and MCHC, treatment 2 at dose 1.6 g/kg was the best treatment, although there was no significant effect with C- and T1. Conclusion: The administration of mycotoxin detoxifiers at a dose of 1.6 g/kg increased the number of heterophils and the ratio of heterophil lymphocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin in broilers fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are anomalies of neurulation during fetal. Such birth defects are rare with a global prevalence approximately 1-5 per 1000 births. While spina bifida and anencephaly are the most common NTDs, the occurance of cephaloceles, as a subgroup of cranial defects, is not far behind. A cephalocele is a congenital herniation of intracranial contents through the cranium. There are various types of a cephalocele, one of which is an atretic cephalocele (AC). ACs differ from other cephaloceles as they consist of dural remnants, fibrous tissue and dysplastic neuronal tissue. While the etiology and embryological basis of ACs are yet to be agreed upon, genetic factors have recently been drawing more attention. We report of a case of an atretic cephalocele.

Okvare nevralne cevi so redke razvojne nepravilnosti živčevja, ki se pojavijo v razvoju ploda. Incidenca okvar nevralne cevi se ocenjuje na približno 1–5 primerov na 1.000 rojstev. Spina bifida in anencefalija sta najpogostejši okvari, po pojavnosti pa jima sledijo cefalokele kot podskupina kranialnih okvar. Cefalokele so prirojene herniacije intrakranialnih struktur skozi okvaro v duri in kraniumu. Atretična cefalokela (AC) se razlikuje od drugih cefalokel, saj je sestavljena iz ostankov dure, fibroznega tkiva in displastičnega tkiva živčevja. V prispevku predstavljamo bolnico z atretično cefalokelo.

The current learning model emphasizes student involvement, which aims to enable them to participate actively in implementing learning. Collaboration skills are considered one of the critical abilities of the 21st century. These skills are considered to encourage active student participation both in the classroom and in group projects. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the project-based learning model in improving students' collaboration skills. The research methodology used is quantitative, using a quasi-experimental type. The sample used in this research consisted of 58 students, 29 students in class IX A and 29 in class IX E at MTs Negeri 2 Malang City. The data collection technique uses a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire, while the data analysis technique uses the independent sample t-test. The research results show that applying the project-based learning model significantly influences students' collaborative skills. Implementing a project-based learning model fosters greater student involvement in communication and greater responsibility for the tasks or problems given. The limitations of this research lie in the research respondents. Research respondents were less responsive when filling out the research sample determination questionnaire. This research suggests that the project-based learning model can be an alternative learning model to improve students' collaborative skills. Additionally, further studies might investigate project-based learning models while considering additional characteristics relevant to the 21st century.

Suppose finite graph $G$ is simple, undirected and connected. If $W$ is an ordered set of the vertices such that $|W| = k$, the representation of a vertex $v$ is an ordered $k$-tuple consisting distances of vertex $v$ with every vertices in $W$. The set $W$ is defined as resolving vertex of $G$ if the $k$-tuples of every two vertices are distinct. Metric dimension of $G$, which is denoted by $dim(G)$, is the lowest size of $W$. In this paper, we provide a sharp lower bound of metric dimension for edge comb product graphs $G \cong T$ ▷e $H$ where $T$ is a tree graph and $H$ is a vertex-transitive graph. Moreover, we determine the exact value of metric dimension for edge comb product graphs $G \cong T$ ▷e $Ci_n(1,2)$ where $Ci_n(1,2)$ is a circulant graph.

131I is a fission product produced in a nuclear reactor by irradiating tellurium dioxide, with a half-life of 8.02 day. The most important and widely used method for making 131I is irradiation using a nuclear reactor and post-irradiation followed by dry distillation. The advantage of the dry distillation process is that the process and the equipment are relatively simple, namely TeO2 (m.p. 750 °C), which can withstand heating during reactor irradiation. Based on TeO2 irradiation by neutron following the technique of dry distillation was explained for production of 131I on a large scale. A dry distillation followed the radioisotope production operation using the 30 MW GA Siwabessy nuclear reactor to meet national demand. TeO2 targets are 25 and 50 g irradiated for 87–100 h. The resulting 131I activity is 20.29339–368.50335GBq. According to the requirements imposed on the radionuclide purity of the preparation, the contribution of 131I training in the resulting preparation was not less than 99.9 %

Threshold space in Cicendo Square is critical in facilitating accessibility and creating the impression of an excellent public open space. By considering entrances, transitions, and building access, threshold space design must consider various considerations, including openness in design, sequences, geometry, topography, distinctive material, and provision of appropriate furniture to improve the quality of open spaces public. Taking a case study of Alun-alun Cicendo (Steel Plaza) in Bandung City as its case study, this research has two objectives. The first is to analyze the role of threshold space as an intermediary space in creating accessibility and spatial impressions in public open spaces. The second is to identify and determine factors in designing an adequate threshold space to improve the quality of public open space. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis and interpretation. Research findings show that the analyzed parameters, namely delimitation, sequence, geometry, topography, materiality, and seating facilities, play an essential role in creating an adequate transitional space in Cicendo Square. In line with the dynamic of the existing functions and activities, these factors also contribute to creating attractive and high-quality public open spaces and increasing interest and public participation in using Cicendo Square. Keywords: threshold space; public open space Abstrak Threshold space di Alun-alun Cicendo memainkan peran kunci dalam memfasilitasi aksesibilitas dan menciptakan kesan ruang terbuka publik yang baik. Dengan mempertimbangkan entrance, transisi, dan akses bangunan, desain threshold space harus memperhitungkan faktor-faktor seperti keterbukaan dalam desain sequences, geometri, topografi, kekhasan bahan, dan penyediaan furnitur yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan kualitas ruang terbuka publik. Dengan menjadikan Alun-alun Cicendo (Steel Plaza) di Kota Bandung sebagai studi kasus, penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan. Pertama untuk menganalisis peran threshold space sebagai ruang perantara dalam menciptakan aksesibilitas dan kesan ruang pada ruang terbuka publik. Kedua, untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu dalam merancang threshold space yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas ruang terbuka publik. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan interpretasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter-parameter yang dianalisis, yaitu delimitasi, sekuens, geometri, topografi, materialitas, dan sarana duduk, berperan penting dalam menciptakan ruang transisi yang efektif pada Alun-alun Cicendo. Beriringan dengan dinamika dari beragam fungsi dan aktivitas yang ada, faktor-faktor ini berkontribusi terhadap penciptaan ruang terbuka publik yang menarik dan berkualitas, dan peningkatan minat serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam menggunakan Alun-alun Cicendo. Kata kunci: threshold space; ruang terbuka publik

This research aims to analyze and map teacher self-efficacy with two main focuses: mapping teacher self-efficacy indicators and the impact of teacher self-efficacy on learning quality. This research uses a systematic literature review (SLR) with five main stages: protocol search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis, and report. Database searches use publish or perish with selection based on suitability of theme, completeness of journal identity, and year of publication. The results of the article database were analyzed and synthesized to obtain data that was categorized based on themes. The SLR results show that teacher self-efficacy consists of general and specific indicators related to the learning process. Other SLR findings show that teacher self-efficacy has a direct positive influence on student learning outcomes and achievement. Also, self-efficacy positively affects teacher performance, productivity, and discipline in carrying out their duties and roles. The SLR results show that teacher self-efficacy is an essential component that plays a role in improving the quality of teacher performance and learning in the classroom. Keywords: self-efficacy; teachers; learning quality Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan memetakan efikasi diri guru dengan dua fokus utama, yaitu pemetaan indikator efikasi diri guru dan dampak efikasi diri guru terhadap kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan systematic literatur review (SLR) dengan lima tahapan utama, yaitu Protocol search, apprasial, Synthesis, analysis, dan report. Pencarian database menggunakan publish or perish dengan seleksi berdasakan kriteria kesesuaian tema, kelengkapan identitas jurnal, dan tahun publish. Hasil database artikel dianalisis dan disintesis sehingga diperoleh data yang dikategorisasi berdasarkan tema. Hasil SLR menunjukkan bahwa indikator efikasi diri guru terdiri atas indikator efikasi diri yang bersifat umum dan efikasi diri yang berisfat khusus yang spesifik berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran. Temuan SLR lain menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri guru memiliki pengaruh positif secara langsung terhadap hasil dan prestasi belajar siswa. Selain itu efikasi diri juga berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja, produktivitas, dan disiplin guru dalam menjalankan tugas dan perannnya. Hasil SLR tersebut menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri guru merupakan komponen penting yang berperan dalam peningkatan kualitas kinerja guru dan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas Kata Kunci: efikasi diri, guru, kualitas pembelajaran

Latar belakang. Kasus penyakit campak rubella pada tahun 2020 di Banda Aceh sebanyak 15 kasus, sedangkan cakupan imunisasi campak rubella di Kecamatan Banda Raya pada tahun 2021 hanya sebesar 18% dan angka tersebut masih di bawah angka rekomendasi World Health Organization, yakni cakupan tiap dosis imunisasi campak rubella sebesar ?95%. Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian imunisasi campak rubella pada balita usia 9–24 bulan di Puskesmas Banda Raya di Kota Banda Aceh. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner dan Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak/Kartu Menuju Sehat. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 47 orang ibu yang memiliki anak usia 9–24 bulan dengan accidental sampling. Analisis menggunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan Chi-square test. Hasil. Sebanyak 32 balita (68,1%) tidak mendapatkan imunisasi campak rubella. Terdapat hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, pendidikan ibu, sikap ibu dan dukungan suami dengan imunisasi campak rubella. Sementara usia ibu dan status pekerjaan ibu tidak terdapat hubungan dengan imunisasi campak rubella pada balita usia 9–24 bulan di Puskesmas Banda Raya tahun 2022. Kesimpulan. Faktor–faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemberian imunisasi campak rubella pada balita usia 9–24 bulan di Puskesmas Banda Raya tahun 2022 adalah usia, tingkat pengetahuan, pendidikan, sikap dan dukungan suami.

One pathophysiology of preterm delivery is maternal or fetal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. The HPA axis can be affected by vitamin D, which increases uterine contractions and affects the body’s immune mechanism against bacterial infections. A lower level of vitamin D in pregnant women is suspected to contribute to the incidence of premature conditions. This study aimed to compare the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in preterm parturient with non-preterm parturient, and the correlation between vitamin D level and the incidence of preterm labor. This comparative analytic study used a cross-sectional approach and involved 46 subjects who were divided into case and control groups. This study was conducted in August–September 2017 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The Electro-chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) method was used to examine the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in case and control groups, demonstrating that 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 concentration in case group (17.26 ng/mL) was significantly (p