Search

Best practice management of a clinic can be measured through the achievement of appropriate waiting time and consultation time. These are important, especially in dealing with stable common cases seen in primary care. Among important associated factors include the number of patients per day, which can be various according to different operating days. Methods: This study aims to measure the waiting time and consultation time of common cases seen in the university health clinic for two weeks duration. The ‘time in’ and ‘time out’ information was captured on the information sheet attached to the patient’s registration slip. A descriptive analysis was done for common complaints, waiting time and consultation time duration. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify the association between different working days with waiting time and consultation time. Results: The results revealed a good mean waiting time 11.93 min (SD, 9.99) and consultation time 10.54 minutes (SD, 8.78) for the clinic. Waiting time is significantly associated with different operating days (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: The clinic’s waiting and consultation time is acceptable according to the target set by the Ministry of Health. However, further modification can be done to improve the time management of the clinic, specifically for the busy day.

Bioremediation itself is considered to be a cost effective soil clean-up technique and preferred over invasive physical and chemical treatments. Besides increasing efficiency, application of genetic engineering has led to reduction in the time duration required to achieve remediation, overcoming the so called 'Achilles heel' of Bioremediation. Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are being employed extensively to gain insights at genetic level. A wise synchronised application of these approaches can help scrutinize complex metabolic pathways, and molecular changes in response to heavy metal stress, and also its fate i.e., uptake, transport, sequestration and detoxification. In the present review, an account of some latest achievements made in the field is presented.

Traditional medical systems like Ayurveda always give importance for preservation and restoration of health. Gandoosha and Kavala are two therapeutic and preventive measures described in Ayurveda for oral health. In the classical texts, the exact volume of kavala dravya and time duration for kavala procedure is not mentioned, where the measurements are made according to the capacity of the individual. The objective of this study is to standardize the amount of kavala dravya and time taken for kavala in healthy volunteers. In this study, kavala dravya was prepared and was given to 30 voluntary participants, in the dose of half of their maximum oral capacity, and the time for attaining samyak lakshana was noted. By statistical techniques, the mean amount of kavala dravya and mean time taken for samyak lakshana were found out and were respectively 50 ± 3.3 ml and 120 ±10 seconds. Along with this, the majority of the participants had showed positive effects of Kavala like the feeling of cleanliness, increased salivation, feeling of freshness and aroma to the oral cavity. As the sample follows the standard normal distribution, the means on volume and time taken for Kavala can be extrapolated to other population. This may help to assess the reliability and comparability of future research on Kavala.

One of the post-harvest honey processing processes is the pasteurization process. Pasteurization is the initial stage of honey processing before evaporation. The high demand for honey in Indonesia requires that honey producing companies must use pasteurization tools with large capacities and do not damage the honey content. Honey will be damaged if the pasteurization temperature is more than 70oC. In addition, the pasteurization process is also still a problem in the honey industry. Therefore it is necessary to make pasteurization tools with automatic and fast temperature control in the pasteurization process. The purpose of this study was to observe the rate of heat penetration into pasteurized honey material and the amount of honey weight pasteurized, then also measured changes in water content, viscosity, degree Brix, and density of density. From the results of measurements of heat penetration rates in pasteurization and conventional pasteurization devices, the difference in time duration on stoves 1, 2, and 3 to increase the initial temperature of 35 oC to 65oC respectively were 45, 45, and 42 minutes with a total of 101 honey, 22 kg while in conventional equipment takes 50 minutes to heat honey as much as 46,780 kg. Gas consumption on stove 1 was 0.291 g/(kgoC), stove 2 was 0.281 g/(kgoC), stove 3 was 0.285 g / (kgoC), whereas gas consumption on conventional stove was 0.272 g/(kgoC). The results of measurements of water content, viscosity, Brix, and density of density before and after pasteurization were as follows 21.99%, 4.835 poise, 63 obrix, 1.356 kg/m3, and 19.82%, 5.453 poise, 64 obrix, 1.358 kg/m3.

In the context of human-robot and robot-robot interactions, the better cooperation can be achieved by predicting the other party’s subsequent actions based on the current action of the other party. The time duration for adjustment is not sufficient provided by short term forecasting models to robots. A longer duration can by achieved by mid-term forecasting. But the mid-term forecasting models introduce the previous errors into the follow-up forecasting and amplified gradually, eventually invalidating the forecasting. A new mid-term forecasting with error suppression based on restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed model can suppress the error amplification by replacing the previous inputs with their features, which are retrieved by a deep belief network(DBN). Furthermore, a new mechanism is proposed to decide whether the forecasting result is accepted or not. The model is evaluated with several datasets. The reported experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

Sludge drying is one of the main problems of wastewater treatment plants. It is very important to facilitate the drying process in terms of drying efficiency, time duration, and cost of the processes, so that transportation and dumping of sludge will accordingly be realized effectively. In this study, vacuum assisted thermal drying was studied. Under vacuum conditions, the water content of the sludge was examined easier than at atmospheric pressure in the drying process. For this reason, in this study, time, temperature, and sludge mass surface area on drying efficiency were evaluated under two different pressure levels, such as 30 mbar and 1,000 mbar. To optimize these parameters, the Response Surface Methodology approach was utilized. Results showed that the effect of vacuum condition on sludge drying was remarkable at obtaining at least 65% of solid material ratio in sludge, which is the lowest limit value on landfilling legislation in Turkey. Data obtained from the study shows that, especially at high temperatures, contribution on sludge drying of vacuum condition is more effective in terms of drying time. A smaller sludge surface area is also found more significant on vacuum drying.

The eigenvalue problem of stochastic Hamiltonian systems with boundary conditions was studied by Peng \cite{peng} in 2000. For one-dimensional case, denoting by $\{\lambda_n\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ all the eigenvalues of such an eigenvalue problem, Peng proved that $\lambda_n\to +\infty$. In this short note, we prove that the growth order of $\lambda_n$ is the same as $n^2$ as $n\to +\infty$. Apart from the interesting of its own, by this result, the statistic period of solutions of FBSDEs can be estimated directly by corresponding coefficients and time duration., Comment: 7 pages

In this paper, we derive analytical time-dependent Green's functions in a two-dimensional, anisotropic elastic, and infinite solid. It is based on the Stroh formalism combined with application of the Cauchy's residue theorem. Final expressions of the Green's function are in terms of simple finite line integral from 0 to 2π. The time-dependence of the line forces can be impulsive, Heaviside, or within a given time duration. The space-dependence of the line force is very general, including concentrated or uniformly distributed sources within a given line interval. Green's functions of both displacements and stresses are derived in analytical forms, and are verified against existing results. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effect of source types and material anisotropy on the Green's functions.

Background/Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of yogic practices of Yama and Niyama on changes in energy in the body and organs related to emotions in young adults. Methods/Statistical analysis:The present study was a randomised control trial. A total of 100 young healthy adults with 71 males and 29 females randomly allocated to study the effects of Yama and Niyama for 12 weeks. The control group was arranged to take a regular course for 45 minutes which was the same time duration as the Yama-Niyama intervention. Assessments included were energy and health status in the person, and energy and entropy levels in the five major organs related to emotions using Bio-Well device. Findings: The optimal energy stability was observed in Yama-Niyama group after the intervention compared to the control group. Energy level variables of the human energy field, health status, energy reserve, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney values in Yama-Niyama group showed a statistical difference (p

To assess the role of prefabricated SFI-Bar in peri-implant bone loss around immediately axially loaded and straight implants. This study comprised of 40 complete denture wearer patients who received two axially parallel implants connected by SFI-Bars in group I and two 15° mesially tilted implants connected by SFI-Bars in group II. Peri- implant bone loss (PiBL) was measured at 1 year, 2 years and 3 years. The mean PiBL at 1 year in group I was 0.21 mm and I group II was 0.22, at 2 years in group I was 0.26 mm and in group II was 0.23 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.29 mm and in group II was 0.34 mm. The difference was significant at 3 years (P< 0.05). The mean mesial PIBL at 1year in group I was 0.18 mm, in group II was 0.20 mm, at 2 years in group I was 0.19 mm and in group II was 0.07 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.25 mm and in group II was 0.29 mm. The difference found to be significant in each time duration in both groups (P< 0.05).The mean distal PIBL at 1 year in group I was 0.23 mm, in group II was 0.22 mm, at 2 years in group I was 0.33 mm and in group II was 0.39 mm and at 3 years, in group I was 0.34 mm and in group II was 0.39 mm. The difference found to be significant at 2 and 3 years in both groups (P< 0.05). Authors found that mandibular overdentures retained with Prefabricated SFI-Bar with axial and straight inserted implants may be useful in patients with reduced bone height.

Previous research highlighted the correlation between parent-infant's attachment quality and joint attention skills. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is by mediating the expectation component in Internal Working Models that the quality of attachment style can affect joint attention. At first, 12- to 20-month-old infants were classified into secure and insecure groups using the Strange Situation Procedure. On a following day, using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, infants were habituated to two joint attention videos. Finally, the mean looking time duration of secure and insecure infants were compared with each other between two "divergent attention" and "joint attention" videos. Infants looked longer for divergent attention videos suggesting they did have expectation regarding the appropriate response in triadic interactions. In line with our main hypothesis, secure infants, but not insecure ones, looked longer in the divergent attention situation when an attachment-related context was present, revealing the possible mediating role of "expectations" in the correlation between attachment and joint attention.

Big data indicate data in huge amount that is increasing in volume with the time duration, it may be about anything. Initially, it was not in use, but now this data can be utilized because it has meaning and directs to open new dimensions of thinking. It may have information of interest for engineering applications, for environmental applications, for security applications or for healthcare applications. This paper has effort to draw the attention of its use to see the trend analysis of polymer waste management. Management of polymer waste has importance to its effective management that may be a problem or may be an achievement according to the effectiveness of its management. To perform this analysis, rich no of papers were investigated to find out a rich amount of quality data. These papers and studies were selected from reputed databases including Web of Science, etc. The study gives an analytical view of the research literature output in plastic waste management in India by Time series and trend analysis.

Background: To determine the induced refractive error among the readymade garment workers. Those who are working in the knitting section and those who are working other than the knitting and computer section. Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional analytic study among 600 workers in 2 factories at Joydevpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh on January 2020. Group: A comprises 300 workers who were working at knitting section for a minimum of six hours a day and 5 days a week. Group: B comprises another 300 workers who were appointed for loading-unloading, care-taker, driver and security guard also. Prevalence of refractive error in two groups was compared. Results: The mean age of participants in group: A was 26.61 ± 4.99 (CI 95%, 26.04 ± 27.18) and in group: B was 28.51 ± 5.69 (95% CI 27.86 ± 29.15). Prevalence of refractive error between two groups was 52 and 28.3 respectively. The chi-square statistic is 44.9775. The p-value is

Objective: To determine the association of the physical activity levels with the strength of antigravity muscles in medical students of Isra University, Islamabad. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted at Isra University, Islamabad on 200 medical students over a time duration of three months i.e. from November, 2018 to February, 2019. The participants aged between 17-25 years were included in the study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire- Short Form 7 (IPAQ-SF-7) was used to determine the physical activity levels and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) was used for evaluating the antigravity muscles’ strength. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 21.27±1.784. Of the 200 participants, 155 (77.5%) were females and 45 (22.5%) were males. A significant association was found between the physical activity levels and the antigravity muscles’ strength (p

Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the levels of mobility and its association with quality of life in lower limb amputees. Methodology: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted at Chal foundation, Fauji Foundation Hospital and PIPOS on the sample of 230 patients for time duration of six months from January–July 2019. The lower limb amputees aged between 18-57 years, and using prosthesis from more than four months were included in the study. The level of mobility was measured through Self-reporting Prosthetic Limb User Survey of Mobility (SF-PLUS-M) questionnaire, while Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to determine the Quality of Life (QOL) among prosthesis users. This data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of study participants was 43±14.89 years. The mean PLUS-M score was 39.48±14.33. The results showed a positive significant association between level of mobility and quality of life in lower limb amputees (p

Objective: To evaluate the Clampless Abdominal Hysterectomy (CAH) technique with regard to its complications, analgesic requirement and average duration taken to mobilize.Materials and method: This case series included 51 consecutive open abdominal hysterectomies done with the Clampless Abdominal Hysterectomy technique between May 2017 and May 2018. Patient’s age, Body Mass Index (BMI), duration of surgery, preoperative and post-operative hemoglobin, pain score on post-operative day 1 and day 2, time to mobilize to chair, time taken for full mobilization and the analgesic requirements of the patients were taken into consideration.Results: The mean age of the patient population was 53±4.69 years, the mean BMI was 23.7±3.54 kg/m2. The mean duration of the surgery was 50.7±7.03 minutes, and it ranged from 75 minutes (maximum) to 40 minutes (minimum). The mean pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) was 10.6±0.69 g/dl, while the mean post-operative Hb was 9.8±0.66 g/dl. The mean pain score on day one was 6, which ranged from 8 (maximum) to 5 (minimum), while on the day two it was 4, which ranged from 6 (maximum) to 3 (minimum). The mean time duration taken to mobilize to chair was 16±2.10 hours while the mean time taken for full mobilization was 22.3±2.39 hours.Conclusion: The Clampless Abdominal Hysterectomy is an extremely safe procedure with less complications that may be employed as an alternative to the conventional open abdominal hysterectomy.

Introduction To compare the time duration of self-completion (SC) of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) by patients with advanced cancer (ACPs) versus assisted completion (AC) with a health care professional. Materials and Methods In this randomized comparison of ACPs seen in initial consultation at the outpatient Supportive Care Center at MD Anderson, ACPs who have never completed the ESAS at MD Anderson were allocated (1:1) to either SC of the ESAS form versus AC by a nurse. Time of completion was measured by the nurse using a stopwatch. Patients completed the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) test prior to administration of the ESAS. In the SC group, the nurse reviewed the responses to verify that the reported ESAS scores were correct. Results A total of 126 ACPs were enrolled (69 patients to AC and 57 to SC). Seventy-one patients were female, median age was 60 years, and median REALM score was 65. Median (interquartile range) time (in seconds) of SC was significantly less than AC (73 [42.9–89.1] vs. 109 [79.5–136.7], p < .0001). With nurse review time included, median time of SC increased to 117 seconds, which was not significantly different from AC (p = .28). Lower literacy (REALM) score and shortness of breath were significantly associated with increased completion time (p = .007). Conclusion Regular use of ESAS will have minimal impact on clinical time, as it can be completed in about 1 minute and provides a concise yet comprehensive and multidimensional perspective of symptoms that affect quality of life of patients with cancer. Implications for Practice Because the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale can be completed in less than 2 minutes, hopefully the routine use of this simple yet comprehensive and multidimensional symptom assessment tool will be used at all medical visits in all patients with cancer so that the timely management of symptoms affecting patients' lives and treatment courses can occur, further enhancing personalized cancer care.

Study purpose Sensorimotor interventions in preterm neonates help to tackle feeding problems. This study was aimed to find out whether combined modalities of prefeeding stimulation were better than the conventional methods of kangaroo mother care and non-nutritive sucking, with regards to transition time, duration of hospital stay and feeding behavior in early preterm babies. Methods Sixty new-born babies in the gestational age of 28–32 weeks, were randomized to receive either combined methods of stimulation (n = 30) or conventional methods alone (n = 30). Results There was a significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay in the interventional group compared to the control group (p = 0.008). There were no significant differences in the time duration taken to attain full oral feeds, mean weight gain per day, the mean number of sucks in the initial 5 min of feeding and mean amount of milk spillage per feed. Conclusion Combined methods of prefeeding stimulation resulted in earlier discharge and shorter duration of hospital stay in early preterm babies.

Mitigation of spaceflight-related pathologies such as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and the recently discovered risk of venous thrombosis must happen before deep space exploration can occur. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) can simulate gravitational stress during spaceflight that is likely to counteract SANS and venous thrombosis, but the ideal dose and method of delivery have yet to be determined. We undertook a review of current LBNP literature and conducted a gap analysis to determine the steps needed to adapt LBNP for in-flight use. We found that to use LBNP in flight, it must be adapted to long time duration/low pressure use that should be compatible with crew activities. A lack of understanding of the etiology of the pathologies that LBNP can counteract hinders the application of LBNP as a countermeasure during spaceflight. Future research should aim at filling the knowledge gaps outlined in this review.

Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays (VR HMDs) offer highly immersive experiences that may alter users’ awareness and perception of the “real-world”. This paper investigates users’ perception of short duration (

Introduction: Hypertension is a key precursor to cardiovascular and renal disease globally. According to WHO, Prevalence of hypertension was about 40 % globally in 2015 and 45% in Sub Saharan Africa in 2015. Despite much emphasis on treatment of the syndrome, the related blood pressure control remains poor or inadequate. Objective: The study sought to establish the patient related barriers to adequate blood pressure control among adult hypertensive patients in Kiambu Count Hospital in Kenya. Methods: A cross -sectional descriptive study method approach was used to examine sample of 330 patients selected through consecutive sampling technique in the medical outpatient chronic disease clinic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with inadequate or poorly controlled hypertension among adult patients. Results: Most of the patients were females (71.5%). However, the presence of inadequate blood pressure control was significantly higher among males (P-value= 0.009). Regularly taking of hypertension drugs for the last 6 months was significantly associated with adequate blood pressure control (p-value=0.033). The other barriers including single status, inadequate knowledge, employment and time duration since diagnosis of hypertension did not significantly affect blood pressure control status. Discussion: Males were 54% more likely to have inadequate blood pressure control compared to females (AOR=0.543; 95%CI=0.323-0.914). Patients with low adherence to treatment were 11% more likely to have inadequate blood pressure control than those with high adherence rate (AOR=1.093; 95%CI=0.224-5.332) though the association was not significant (p-value=0.912). Conclusion: Male gender was a major barrier to adequate blood pressure control. Patients who well adhered to treatment scheme for a duration of six months preceding the study had their blood pressure better controlled than those who did not. Male hypertensive patients need to be followed up to ensure they adhere to drug treatment in order to reduce the rates of inadequate blood pressure control and other related complications.

Introduction and Aim:Immobilization of enzyme on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is one way to improve their stability and activity and can be reused for large-scaleapplications. The present study was aimed to evaluateand characterizethetrypsin enzyme immobilized on biogenicallysynthesized silver nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: Immobilization of trypsin enzyme was optimized with time and varying concentration of silver nanoparticles, which were greensynthesized using avocado seedextracts. The residual activity of trypsin enzyme after immobilization was estimated. The reusabilityand temperature stability of the immobilized enzyme were studied. Results:The immobilized enzyme showed maximum activity of 1006.0 U during the time duration of 18 hr of incubation with AgNPs. Reusability of immobilized enzyme in avocado AgNPs was assessed under optimal conditions, the activity of immobilized enzyme was loss after 5 repeated cycles. The enzyme captured on AgNPswas released in the presence of anionic detergent. Temperaturestability was assessed for immobilized enzyme on AgNPs and the immobilized enzyme was stable up to55ºC and later it loss their activity. Conclusion: The study reports a feasible method of enzyme immobilization on biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles. The enzyme immobilized on silver nanoparticles is mainly through non-covalent forces. Further studies are required to improve the reusability of enzyme. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles;enzyme immobilization;trypsin;temperature stability;reusability;detergent.

This study is aimed to identify the factors that influence investment decision making by individual investors in the city of Mataram. Due to the importance of investment decision for individual investor, various factors surely are taken into consideration before deciding into some kind of invesment transaction. Survey is conducted on 100 people from different age groups and professions in the city of Mataram. Most of the respondents choose to invest in asset such as real estate and gold, only a few of them choose market securities as investment. The results of the factor analysis show that there are five factors which affect investment decisions of individual investors in the city Mataram, namely financial literacy, advice and protection, future needs, time duration of investment, and risk and return. Keywords: investment decision, individual investor, financial literacy, advice, future needs,time duration, risk and return

In this paper, a comparative study between irradiation-induced defected mixed carbon nanotube bundle (MCB) and copper based interconnects concerning functional crosstalk as well as dynamic crosstalk, at the far end of both aggressor and victim lines, are presented at 14 nm technology node for a temperature range (300 K-500 K). Four different structures of MCB namely ST-1, ST-2, ST-3 and ST-4 are taken for the analysis. If the temperature increases from 300 to 500 K, each structure of MCB with irradiation-induced defect is showing larger propagation delay as compared to defect-free MCB structures. Due to irradiation-induced defect, there is a considerable increase in crosstalk induced noise peak and duration in every MCB structure. The results further reveal that crosstalk-induced noise voltage peaks of the victim output are found to be larger in copper as compared to MCB. Also, the ST-4, considering with defect(WD) and without defect(WOD), has smaller crosstalk induced delay and time duration with higher noise voltage peaks of the victim output pulse among other structures of MCB. Moreover, the crosstalk-induced delay of coupled interconnects of the best structure of MCB (i.e. ST-4), considering irradiation-induced defect, is evaluated using the temperature-dependent (TD) and temperature-independent (TID) circuit models at different interconnect lengths (200 µm–1000 µm).

This study was intended to determine the effect of using nickel slag on the residual strength index of the Lataston HRS-WC mixture. The methodology in this research is to carry out a series of coarse and fine aggregate tests then design the composition of the Lataston HRS-WC and HRS-BASE mixture as well as Marshall immersion testing to obtain the Residual Strength Index (IKS) / Immersion Index (IP) / Durability. The results of this study, which was conducted in the Road and Asphalt laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil, Paulus Makassar, Indonesian Christian University, through the Marshall immersion test, the Lataston HRS-WC mixture was obtained with variations in nickel slag levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The immersion time duration of 0.5 hours and 24 hours. Marshall test results for Lataston HRS-WC mixture obtained Residual Strength Index (IKS) / Immersion Index (IP) / Durability obtained values ​​of 92.84% for 0% nickel slag content, 93.42% for 25% nickel slag content, 94.19 for 50% nickel slag content, 93.03 for 75% nickel slag content and 97.06% for 100% nickel sag content so that there was an increase in the resistance of the mixture to the residual strength index value in line with the increase in the substituted nickel slag content.

Both raw and recycled fiber materials are used for paper production. The increase in percentage use of the latter is due to their paper-forming properties, availability and low cost. The article explores the possibility of using pulp from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark. Mulberry twigs, after removing leaves, which are the main raw material in silk production, have no practical industrial application. Recycling waste - mulberry branches - for the production of pulp is therefore relevant as it is aimed at solving raw material and environmental problems. The purpose of this work is to use local raw materials for paper production, study the impact of processing method of the grinding process on paper forming properties. During grinding the mechanical processes of changes of fibers determine mainly structure of a paper sheet, and colloidal-physical processes - bind and ability of fibers to form strong, homogenous and smooth structure of paper. The structure of the sheet of paper facilitates excessive or "selective" ink absorption into the pores of the paper and thus predetermines the quality of reproduction during the printing process. Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of papers were used in this work, and changes in the surface structure of samples cast at various technological modes of the milling process were studied. The results of the study revealed that the addition of cellulose mass from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark helps to obtain a strong paper. The optical properties of the paper, which contains cotton and cellulose from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark, are explained by the whiteness of the added fibers themselves. The strength properties of the paper at a weight grinding degree of 300 CWR are explained by the bond between the split and strongly interwoven fibers of the cellulose fibers. It has been established that the addition of more than 30% cellulose from the inner layer of the mulberry branch bark to the paper pulp mass is undesirable, as this adversely affects the whiteness of the paper

The objectives were to synthesize urethane grafted nano-apatite in shortest possible time duration using the microwave irradiation method and to utilize them for synthesis of experimental dental adhesives. The structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical behavior of synthesized grafted nano-apatite were investigated. Then, these grafted nano-apatite particles were incorporated in various concentrations that is, 5wt.%, 10wt.%, and 15wt.% into dimethacrylate resins to develop bioactive adhesives. The weight measurement analysis in deionized water and phosphate buffer saline, Knoop micro-hardness, and degree of conversion were evaluated. The bacterial adhesion was investigated with Streptococcus mutans at 6h, 24h, and 48h. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA. The urethane dimethacrylate was successfully grafted on the nano-apatite surface and spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of urethane and phosphate peaks. An inverse relationship was found in both media between the concentration of grafted fillers and weight loss. No significant difference was observed in the micro-hardness and degree of conversion among the groups, whereby the degree of conversion for all groups was in the range of 83% to 86%. The mean number of bacterial colonies was significantly lower in the 15wt.% group compared to 5wt.% and 10wt.%. The grafted nano-apatite presented favorable results for adhesive resin incorporation, where 15wt.% group comparatively showed superior results than other groups.

In the present study, a combination of the modified sine and cosine algorithm (MSCA) and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is integrated with the neuro-fuzzy system to obtain three hybrid models. The proposed model predicts the effects of design parameters including the bottom galvanized protective edge of the cooking plate, top insulator cap of the cooking plate, position of the cooking plate, time duration of bread cooking and weather conditions on the dependent parameter which is the required temperature of a solar bread cooker equipped with a concentrator. For this purpose, the networks are trained on the basis of the experimentally measured data. The goal is to assess the ability of the hybrid networks for modeling cooking plate required based on the input variables. The quality of the bread produced by the solar cooker is evaluated by proper selection of the design parameters. The results show twelve breads per hour each with 200 g weight of dough can be produced by the cooker for at least six hours in every sunny day in eight months of the year, and also, the best hybrid network predicts the results with a low error which guarantees the performance of the applied hybrid model.

In this research, an attempt was made to investigate the short-time oxidation of Al–Mg melt using oxide/metal/oxide sandwich method. Samples were produced by controlled blowing of bubbles with the pressure of 0.2 atm through the aluminum melt containing 1, 3 and 5.5 weight percent of Mg at 670 °C. Various characteristics of dynamically formed oxide films such as wrinkles, folds, holes, cracks and re-oxidation patterns were studied through microscopic analysis. It appeared that re-oxidation patterns are the main features of the dynamically formed oxide films. Also, separation of oxide films in the oxide/oxide interface and loose connections with the paired metal were other important phenomena. Thickness of the oxide films was measured to be 19, 31 and 51 nm for Al–1 Mg, Al–3 Mg, and Al–5.5 Mg samples, respectively. Thermodynamic-based considerations revealed the formation of MgO, MgAl2O4 and Al2O3 as possible product of the oxidation within the range of this study. However, MgAl2O4 was only detected in Al–1 Mg and Al–3 Mg samples based on XRD analysis while there was no evidence of Al2O3 formation at all. Furthermore, MgO was the main oxide in both Al–3 Mg and Al–5.5 Mg sandwich samples. High concentration and activity of magnesium at the surface of the melt along with the turbulent situation and short time duration of the oxidation process can be considered as the main discrepancy cause between thermodynamics and experimental results.

Nasal mucociliary clearance (NMC) system is an important defence mechanism in respiratory tract. The contents present in the smoke are found to be toxic to cilia in vitro. Our study aims at evaluating the NMC in smokers so as to know effect of tobacco smoke on ciliary function and also comparing it with non smokers. We also studied effect of duration, intensity and pattern of smoking on the NMC. A total of 60 participants in the age group 21–40 years (30 smokers and 30 non smokers) were included in the study. Saccharin test was performed in all participants. A 0.5 mm diameter particle of saccharin was placed 1 cm from the anterior end of the inferior nasal turbinate. The time duration was noted for the first appearance of sweet taste. The mean NMC in smoker group was 16.53 min and in nonsmoker group was 9.28 min On comparison it was found that NMC time in smoker group was significantly higher than nonsmoker group p

In order to study the effect of different gust durations on the safety of a high-speed train passing by a wind-break breach at a speed of 120 km/h, the root locus method is used to analyze the suspension modes of the train under different speeds. The original gust is obtained based on the Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) model when the train passes by a 12 m breach between two windbreaks with a normal crosswind speed of 32 m/s. A group of scaling factors for stretching and compressing the time windows is applied to change the gust duration without changing the amplitude. The results show that when the gust duration is close to the natural period of the suspension system, the train responses and derailment coefficient of the train can be amplified. As the attack angles of the first and second wheelset are still in the clockwise direction when overlooking the wheelset, the first wheelset is more vulnerable than the second wheelset. When the gust duration is longer than the natural period of lower sway, the initial fluctuation of the train response can be relieved.

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when blood glucose level is too high. To control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, modern therapies with a healthy diet and regular physical activity has been a good approach for the management of the diabetes. However, the disease eventually becomes deepen in most of the patients with age, and current approaches are not sufficient, demanding supportive and alternative approaches. The present paper portrays a contextual analysis of the impact of Yagya Therapy on diabetic level (HbA1C) in 2 weeks, using an appropriate herbal formulation on 10 patients, who had been experiencing diabetes since recent years. 10 diabetic patients (5 males and 5 females) on allopathic medicine for past more than 1 year without any change in medication and dose in past 3 months participated in the study. They were given 13 days of Yagya Therapy twice a day and their pre and post blood level of fasting glucose, Post Prandial (PP) glucose, and HbA1C were measured. Among 10 patients only 6 had attended nearly all of the sessions. Among 6 Patient, all of them showed reduction in the HbA1c value. The four of the patients, it was remarkable HbA1c difference i.e. 0.4, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 respectively indicating impressive results i.e. affecting 3 months glucose sugar average and producing reduction in them with just 26 sessions in 13 days. The present study indicated Yagya therapy as a potential supportive and alternative solution in the management of diabetes. The increase in the time duration of the Yagya Therapy for more than 3-6 months may give the desired results for managing the diabetes.

Introducción: Las alteraciones en la percepción del paso del tiempo y en la estimación de su duración han sido ampliamente estudiadas, especialmente en patologías donde la afectividad es protagonista. Se sugiere que, en trastornos marcados por el afecto negativo, se tendería a sobreestimar el tiempo y percibir que pasa más lento, ocurriendo lo contrario en trastornos marcados por el afecto positivo. Sin embargo, estudios recientes presentan hallazgos contradictorios, sugiriendo que el afecto o no es tan significativo o depende de otrascondiciones(p.e., exposición a contenido estimular concurrente). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si el afecto influye sobre la precisión en la estimación de la duración del tiempo. Método: 97 participantes (56,7%mujeres) entre 18 y 65 años cumplimentaron el PANAS y se sometieron a una tarea experimental. Ésta consistía en la exposición a diferentes contenidos (series de TV, videojuegos y documentales) en 4 condiciones temporales (60, 90, 120 y 150 segundos). Tras cada exposición, los participantes estimaban su duración (en segundos) y valoraban cómo de rápido se les había pasado el tiempo. Resultados: Mientras que la afectividad negativa no influía sobre la estimación de la duración o el paso del tiempo, los participantes con una elevada afectividad positiva percibían que el tiempo pasaba más lento cuando eran expuestos a series de TV (t=2,22; p= ,043). Estos participantes tendían también infravalorar la duración de cada video (especialmente, las series), si bien esta tendencia no era significativa (r=-0,188; p=0,065). Conclusiones: Si bien identificamos una cierta influencia del afecto positivo sobre la percepción de la duración y el paso del tiempo, este estudio refutaría que el afecto medie significativamente sobre estos aspectos. Esto apoyaría la necesidad de revisar las teorías que defienden una relación táctica entre afecto y alteraciones en la percepción y el paso del tiempo. Does affectivity influence on time estimation? an experimental study. Introduction: Disruptions in passage time percepction and its duration estimation had been widely studied, particularly in pathologies where affectivivity plays the lead. It is suggested that mental illnesses characterised by negative affect are related to overestimating of time duration and slower down passage time, while in mental ilnesses characterized by positive affect the opposite is usually the case. Nevertheless, recent research come out with contradictory findings, suggesting that affect is not significant or it depends of another conditions (p.e. exposition to concurrent stimular content). The main purpose of this paper is to analyze if affect has effect on time estimation and the passage time perception. Method: 97 participants (56,7% women), whose age oscillates between 18 and 65 years old completed PANAS questionnaireand they werethesubject ofan experimental task. Theexperimental taskconsisting in four sets, where different contents (sitcoms, videogames and dcomentary films) were exposed to participants in four timing conditions (videos of 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds). Following to each exposition, participants tried to estimate the video duration (in seconds) and they valued how fast was the passage time for them. Results: While negative affectivity had not influence on time estimation or percepción of the time passage, participants who report high positive affect present a lower passage time perception in exposition to TV sitcoms (t=2,22; p=0.043). These participants tended to underestimate the duration of each video (especially, sitcoms), despite the fact that this shift was not significative (r=-0,188; p=0,065). Conclusions: Although we have detected some influence of postiive affect on duration’s perception and time passage, this study disputes that affect has some significant paper on these aspects. This finding supports the need of review theories that defens a tactical relationship between affect and disruptions in time estimation and perception.

Rapid identification of dynamic forces is an important research subject. To reduce the computing time, a parallel computing-oriented method is proposed in this study for dealing with a long-time duration problem of force identification. The proposed method is implemented via three continues steps, i.e., partition of parallel computing tasks, solution of parallel computing tasks and fusion of the identified results. In the first step, moving time window is applied for splitting an original problem into several sub-problems in time domain. Then the next step focuses on solving the sub-problems which can be executed in parallel. Herein, influences of unknown initial conditions are considered. Sparse regularization such as weighted l1-norm regularization method is introduced for ensuring that the identified result is sparse and stable. In the last step, the identified results calculated from all the sub-problems are fused via a weighted average method. Numerical simulations are carried out on a frame structure and a truss structure, respectively. A cluster constructed from three personal computers is used for implementation of the proposed method. Illustrated results show that the proposed method can be used for identifying the dynamic forces in long-time duration and saving the computing time. Some related issues are discussed as well.

Purpose 3D printing techniques have been widely used for manufacturing complex parts for various dental applications. For achieving suitable mechanical strength, post-cure processing is necessary, where the relative time duration and temperature specification also needs to be defined. The purpose of this study/paper is to assess the effects of post curing conditions and mechanical properties of 3D printed clear dental aligners Design/methodology/approach Dental long-term clear resin material has been used for 3D printing of dental aligners using a Formlabs 3D printer for direct usage on patients. Post-curing conditions have been varied, all of which have been subjected to mechanical compression loading of 1,000 N to evaluate the curing effects on the mechanical strength of the aligners. Findings The experimental studies provide significant insight into both temperatures and time durations that could provide sufficient compressive mechanical strength to the 3D printed clear dental aligners. It was observed that uncured aligners deformed plastically with large deformations under the loading conditions, whereas aligners cured between 400°C–800°C for 15–20 min deformed elastically before fragmenting into pieces after safely sustaining higher compressive loads between 495 N and 666 N. The compressive modulus ratio for cured aligners ranged between 4.46 and 5.90 as compared to uncured aligners. For shorter cure time durations and lower temperature conditions, an appropriate elevated compressive strength was also achieved. Originality/value Based on initial assessments by dental surgeons, suitable customised clear aligners can be designed, printed and cured to the desired levels based on patient’s requirements. This could result in time, energy and unit production cost savings, which ultimately would help to alleviate the financial burden placed on both the health service and their patients.

Paper-based packaging products, due to their excellent sustainable properties are preferred over the glass, plastic, and metal-based packaging solutions. The paper bottle molding process is very new in this category, and the tooling aspect is not well explored. Existing tooling solutions offer certain limitations in the molding process such as clogging of channels, low open-area fraction, low fatigue life, and longer cycle times. With the utilization of additive manufacturing techniques, the tooling can not only be made more economical and produced in shorter time duration but also more efficient. VAT photopolymerization based soft tooling process chain is highlighted and discussed in this work. Design of micro-features and their fabrication is carried out using UV light mask projection method. A characterization approach for precision manufacturing of micro-features using X-ray Computed Tomography is also discussed. Validation of the soft tooling process chain and its effectiveness against the conventional tools is presented and discussed in this work. It is shown that the proposed soft tooling process chain for the manufacturing of molds for paper bottle production is a better performing and cheaper alternative to existing solutions implemented in industry.

Collision between hard objects causes abrupt changes in the velocities of the system, which are characterized by very large contact forces over very small time durations. A common approach in the analysis of such collisions is to describe the system velocities using an impulse–momentum based relationship. The time duration of impact and the deformations at the contact points are usually assumed to be negligible for such an impact models, and the system velocities are evolved in terms of the impulses on the system. This type of impact models are usually relevant for hard (rigid) impacts, where deformations at the contact points can be considered negligible. However, these models cannot determine the forces during the impact process. The main objective of this work is to reformulate the impulse–momentum based model to determine the forces during an impact event, by relaxing the rigidity assumption to allow small deformations at the contact points.

SUMMARYWe present a robot navigation system based on Behavioral Finite State Social Machine. The paper makes a robot operate as a social tour guide that adapts its navigation based on the behavior of the visitors. The problem of a robot leading a human group with a limited field-of-view vision is relatively untouched in the literature. Uncertainties arise when the visitors are not visible, wherein the behavior of the robot is adapted as a social response. Artificial potential field is used for local planning, and a velocity manager sets the speed disproportional to time duration of missing visitors.

We present a passively Q-switched Ho:Sc2SiO5 microchip laser with a molybdenum disulfide saturable absorber for the first time. The molybdenum disulfide materials are fabricated on the end surface of a microchip Ho:SSO crystal. The physical length of the laser cavity is only 3 mm. Three output couplers with different transmissions are utilized to test the passively Q-switched laser performance. The maximum output power is 269.3 mW, under 4.1 W incident power, when the repetition rate is 112.8 kHz, this means that the single pulse energy is 2.39 μJ. The shortest pulsed time duration is 167.4 ns, corresponding to maximum peak power of 14.3 W. The M2 factor of the passively Q-switched microchip Ho:SSO laser is measured to be 1.17.

The subject of the article is to publish the results from experimental testing of the cost assessment methods and especially the possibility of their application at a hospital for the decision “makes or buys”. The most important analyzed result is the impact of the decision “make or buy” on different kinds of costs that are common at the hospital activities. By this mean, there are considered four aspects of the decision – strategic, time duration, organizational and calculation. Two criteria assessment groups are presented – standard and additional as the second one report on the purchase time duration and on the preliminary and followed buying costs. There is shown up an assessment consistency for the single costs resulted from the process of starting an own production in different situations. This publication is the second part of the conducted research. Keywords: cost assessment methods, hospital, decision “make or buy”.

PurposeMany fashion brands employ growth strategies that involve strategically aligning with a retailer to offer exclusive co-brands that vary in duration and perceived fit. While growth and publicity are enticing, pursuing collaboration may change consumers' evaluation of the brand. Utilising commodity and categorisation theory, this research tests how a brand may successfully approach a co-brand with a retailer.Design/methodology/approachThree experimental studies manipulate and test the effect of co-brand duration (limited edition vs ongoing) (Study 1), the degree of brand-retailer fit (high vs low) (Study 2), and its combined effect (Study 3) on changes in consumers' brand evaluation.FindingsResults reveal that consumers' evaluations of brands become more favourable when: (1) brand-retailer co-brand make products available on a limited edition (vs ongoing) basis (Study 1), (2) consumers perceive a high (vs low) degree of brand-retailer fit (Study 2) and (3) both conditions are true (Study 3).Research limitations/implicationsIn light of commodity and categorisation theory, this study helps to understand the effectiveness of a brand-retailer co-branding strategy.Practical implicationsTo increase brand evaluations, brands should engage in a limited edition strategy, rather than ongoing when collaborating with retailers. It is also important to select an appropriately fitting retailer for a strategic partnership when creating a co-brand.Originality/valueWhile previous studies highlight the importance of perceived fit upon extension, perceived fit between brand and retailer co-brand had yet to be investigated. Additionally, this research investigates changes in brand evaluations to more accurately understand how co-branding strategies impact the brand.

Autonomous electric vehicle development became a new trend nowadays, dealing with reducing supply possibility of the mineral fuel and the purposes of pressing the waste gas from the combustion vehicle engine. Electric Autonomous vehicle thrived according to the development of information and telecommunication technology, semiconductor technology, chemistry technology which allows building long-range sending and receiving communication system with very high speed and massive data also long time duration for battery usage as well as the efficiency of electric motor escalating. Autonomous electric vehicle has become the focus for the vehicle development in 2020 and many countries start to running test the system. Prediction according to this subject has been reveal by Michio Kaku as a physicist and famous futurist. As a physicist who developed the science and invention of the new technologies for future usage, it was unchallenged Michio Kaku could be confided around this subject, such as the internet technology and information also technology related to human health including the nanotechnology became tiny and reachable, according to Michio Kaku. Technology could be used as a product, the prediction will be beneficial if connected to Indonesian vehicle development especially if associated with the rural area as a unique condition, which distinguishes consecrating to city area in the other countries. Keyword : autonomous, electric vehicle, futurist view, Michio Kaku

Citrus reticulata (kinnow) peel is a good source of carotenoids which can be extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The present study was conducted to optimize the process parameters for the extraction of lutein using UAE method with methanolic solution of potassium hydroxide as the extractant to obtain its maximum yield. The obtained extract was used for the determination of lutein yield using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimized values of process parameters in the current investigation were 6.16 mL/g solvent/solid ratio, 43.14 °C temperature, 32.88% amplitude and time duration of 33.71 min, which resulted in highest lutein yield of 29.70 μg/g. The results of this study showed that UAE system has the ability to replace the conventional techniques for extraction of lutein from citrus peels. Moreover, the extracted lutein from citrus peels can be further used as an antioxidant and colouring agent in various food applications.

The authors propose that decisions regarding the duration of cause-related marketing campaigns should depend on the combination of cause type and product type. Results from three studies show that a long duration works when a utilitarian product is paired with a primary cause, such as life necessities, or a hedonic product with a secondary cause, such as quality of life. A short duration is advantageous for a hedonic product paired with a primary cause. Consumers favored these combinations because they attributed positive motives to the company for launching cause-related marketing campaigns. Companies can maximize the success of their cause-related marketing by choosing the duration that best suits their product–cause bundle.

Investigations were carried out on the development of ready to cook fish paste products from Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta). The fish cutlet was produced by using Indian mackerel because of its abundance and comparatively low price. The sample selected was of the average weight of 1.6 kg from which the yield of picked meat was 400 grams. Here potato was used for the binding purpose, and egg and bread crumb were used for coating in fish cutlet. Different time and temperature were used in which the T3 sample was fried at 180 °C for 2, 3 and 4 minutes, T2 sample was fried at 170 °C for 2, 3 and 4 minutes and T1 sample was fried at 160° C for 2, 3 and 4 minutes. Then all 27 fried samples were judged by 9 members for Sensory evaluation of fish cutlet product. In sensory evaluation include appearance, Color, texture, odor, and overall acceptability, etc. During the sensory evaluation, the T3 sample (at 180° C for 3 minutes) was best in sensory characteristics. So, at increasing temperature with decreasing time duration for frying of fish cutlets was increasing demand for consumption.

Introduction: Emergency medicine is a critical component of quality public health service. In fact length of stay and waiting times in the Emergency department are key indicators of quality. The aim of this study was to determine waiting times and determinants of prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the Princess Marina Hospital Emergency Department. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. It was done at Princess Marina, a referral hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. Triage forms of patients who presented between 19/11/ 2018 and 18/12/2018 were reviewed. Data from patient files was used to determine time duration from triage to being reviewed by a doctor, time duration from review by emergency doctor to patients’ disposition and the time duration from patient’s triage to disposition (length of stay). Prolonged length of stay was defined as duration > 6 hours. Results: A total of 1052 files repre- senting patients seen over a 1-month period were reviewed. 72.5% of the patients had a prolonged length of stay. The median emergency doctor waiting time was 4.5 hours (IQR 1.6 - 8.3 hours) and the maximum was 27.1 hours. The median length of stay in the emergency department was 9.6 hours (IQR 5.8 - 14.6 hours) and the maximum was 45.9 hours. Patient’s age (AOR 1.01), mental status (AOR 0.61), admission to internal medicine service (AOR 5.12) and pediatrics admissions (AOR 0.11) were significant predictors of prolonged length of stay in the emergency department. Conclusion: Princess Marina Hospital emergency department waiting times and length of stay are long. Age, normal mental status and internal medicine admission were independent predictors of prolonged stay (>6 hours). Admission to the pediatrics service was associated with shorter length of stay. There is a need for interventions to address the long waiting times and length of stay. Interventions should particularly focus on the identified predictors.

For sustainable growth of road networks in a country, their effective maintenance is an essential element of pavement evaluation and management strategies. Destructive testing practices are slow, labor-intensive and do not represent the entire pavement area. Advances in non-destructive testing technologies offer a convenient and reliable means of quickly scanning large areas. Infrared thermography based on capturing the thermal signature of any structure is found to be very useful for detecting pavement subsurface flaws. This study aims at exploring the potential of infrared thermography to detect subsurface interlayer debonding in asphalt pavements. An in-situ asphalt pavement test section has been constructed with different bonding conditions, and infrared thermography has been performed. A novel approach for quantitative and qualitative analyses of these thermal images has been carried out using MATLAB. Suitable time durations to perform thermographic inspections based on interchange time duration have been suggested.

From the immemorial time wood is highly abundant and well-performing material. Further one due to practical use the wood heat treatment, as a process for improving its properties has been enhanced in the recent tim. Abies alba Mill and Acer campestre L. are among the most wide spread species in Albanian forest and among the most useful types of wood in Albanian wood industry. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of short time heat treatment on dimensional stability and the mass loss of these two species. Wood samples are treated in three different temperatures (180 ℃, 200 ℃, 220 ℃) and two different time durations of 15 and 30 minutes. After the heat treatment, the mass loss is determined for treated samples. Treated and untreated samples are immersed in water and the swelling is determined. According to the results obtained, wood swelling undergoes a considerable reduction in the case of wood treatment at a temperature of 220 ℃ for the longest time duration of 30 minutes. The higher percentage of weight loss after the thermal treatment (9.66% for the maple and 10.77% for the fir) was measured in the samples treated in a 220 ℃ for 30 minutes. The results of both treated and untreated wood were given for comparative purposes.