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The free vibration of a rotating functionally graded (FG) pre-twisted blade-shaft assembly reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) is analytically investigated based on the coupled model proposed in this paper. The effective material properties of the blade and shaft are assumed to vary continuously along their thickness and radius directions, respectively, and are determined by Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model and the rule of mixture. Within the framework of the Rayleigh beam theory and Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the governing equations of motion are derived by using Lagrange’s equation. The substructure synthesis method and assumed modes method are utilized to determine the natural frequencies of the system. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of GPL weight fraction, distribution pattern, geometry and dimensions as well as the blade length, location and pre-twist angle, the shaft length and rotating speed on the natural frequencies. The research findings shed an important light on the design of novel graphene reinforced blade-shaft system for remarkably improved dynamic performance.

To counteract host antiviral RNA silencing, plant viruses encode numerous viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). P0 proteins have been identified as VSRs in many poleroviruses. However, their suppressor function has not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the function of P0 from pea mild chlorosis virus (PMCV) in the suppression of local and systemic RNA silencing via green fluorescent protein (GFP) co-infiltration assays in wild-type and GFP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (line 16c). Amino acid deletion analysis showed that N-terminal residues Asn 2 and Val 3, but not the C-terminus residues from 230&ndash, 270 aa, were necessary for PMCV P0 (P0PM) VSR activity. P0PM acted as an F-box protein, and triple LPP mutation (62LPxx79P) at the F-box-like motif abolished its VSR activity. In addition, P0PM failed to interact with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), which was consistent with previous findings of P0 from potato leafroll virus. These data further support the notion that VSR activity of P0 is independent of P0&ndash, SKP1 interaction. Furthermore, we examined the effect of P0PM on ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) protein stability, and co-expression analysis showed that P0PM triggered AGO1 degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that P0PM promotes degradation of AGO1 to suppress RNA silencing independent of SKP1 interaction.

The wire sawing machine is a large-scale concrete structure cutting equipment and mining quarrying machine used in the wild, in order to reduce costs and reduce energy consumption during manufacturing, transportation and use, on the premise of ensuring its performance, it is of great significance to explore its lightweight design method. This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to construct a research method model for product lightweight design, comprehensively considering the aesthetic principles and usability principles of products, combining structural optimization theory and Kansei engineering theory, referencing three points of modeling structure, material selection and usage, through to the two aspects of physical and visual lightweight quantitative evaluation standard to determine the optimal solution for lightweight design. First, use Solidworks to build a three-dimensional model of the wire sawing machine; then, use ANSYS Workbench to perform finite element analysis on the mechanical properties of the frame to confirm it has optimization space of the frame strength; finally, through topology optimization of the frame structure and the design of the machine casing, the weight of the mainframe was reduced by 23%. The physical and visual lightweight results verifies the feasibility of the lightweight design model applied in the product design process and provides a useful reference for the sustainable development of industrial products.

Coronary artery disease has become a major health concern over the past several decades. We aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and lifestyle factors with coronary artery disease (CAD) in dyslipidemia. This nested case-control study included 173 patients with CAD and 500 matched control individuals (1:3, case: control) from a district in southern China. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals with dyslipidemia and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype the SNPs. The CC genotype of the additive and recessive models of rs4149339, together with regular intake of fried foods or dessert, increased the risk of CAD (adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 1.91, p = 0.030; adjusted OR = 1.97, p = 0.017; adjusted OR = 1.80, p = 0.002; adjusted OR = 1.98, p = 0.001). The AT + AA genotype of the dominant model of rs4743763 and moderate/heavy physical activity reduced the risk of CAD (adjusted OR = 0.66, p = 0.030; adjusted OR = 0.44, p = 0.001). The CT + CC genotype of the dominant model of rs2472386 reduced the risk of CAD only in males (adjusted OR = 0.36, p = 0.001). The interaction between rs4149339 and rs4743763 of ABCA1 and haplotype CTT (comprising rs4149339, rs4743763, and rs2472386) appeared to increase the risk of CAD (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 3.19, p = 0.045; OR = 1.49, p = 0.019). Polymorphisms of rs4149339, rs4743763 and rs2472386 in ABCA1 and three lifestyle factors (physical activity, fried food intake, and dessert intake) were associated with CAD in people with dyslipidemia in southern China. These results provide the theoretical basis for gene screening and the prevention of chronic cardiovascular diseases.

ORF3a, a newly identified non-AUG-initiated ORF encoded by members of genera Polerovirus and Luteovirus, is required for long-distance movement in plants. However, the mechanism of action of P3a in viral systemic movement is still not clear. In this study, sequencing of a brassica yellows virus (BrYV) mutant defective in systemic infection revealed two-nucleotide variation at positions 3406 and 3467 in the genome. Subsequent nucleotide substitution analysis proved that only the non-synonymous substitution (C→U) at position 3406, resulting in P3aP18L, abolished the systemic infection of BrYV. Preliminary investigation showed that wild type BrYV was able to load into the petiole of the agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, whereas the mutant displayed very low efficiency. Further experiments revealed that the P3a and its mutant P3aP18L localized to the Golgi apparatus and near plasmodesmata, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Both P3a and P3aP18L were able to self-interact in vivo, however, the mutant P3aP18L seemed to form more stable dimer than wild type. More interestingly, we confirmed firstly that the ectopic expression of P3a of other poleroviruses and luteoviruses, as well as co-infection with Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2), restored the ability of systemic movement of BrYV P3a defective mutant, indicating that the P3a is functionally conserved in poleroviruses and luteoviruses and is redundant when BrYV co-infects with PEMV 2. These observations provide a novel insight into the conserved function of P3a and its underlying mechanism in the systemic infection.

Ocean engineering structures often suffer from ice disaster damages, and the mechanism of interaction between sea ice and ocean structures is complex, the sea ice own properties are also changeful. Based on field researches and statistical results we can know the ice force amplitude. The solid model was established by the ANSYS Workbench module, then simulate the interaction of ice load and ocean engineering structures to verify the safety of ocean engineering structure. This kind of treatment provides an effective method for solving the similar problems, to guarantee the safety of ocean engineering building objective. Keywords:Ocean engineering structures; anti icing safety; ice force amplitude statistics; finite element method

The present work is aimed to free vibration characteristics of marine propeller in fluid, and analyze the influence of fluid inertial effect on propeller. The fully coupled three dimensional finite element method is applied, and the commercial finite element code, ANSYS WORKBENCH, has been used to perform modal analysis for both wet and dry configurations via fluid-structure interaction APDL commands for secondary development. On this basis, analyze a marine propeller in air and in fluid with finite element analysis, then the differences of natural vibration frequencies and vibration modes of the propeller for different boundary conditions are discussed. In addition, the natural frequencies curves are presented. Results show that the natural frequencies of propeller in fluid are significantly lower than those in air, the fluid inertia effect also has some influences on vibration mode.

Unfavorable serum lipid levels are the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral infarction, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study included 2323 Han Chinese in southern China. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two SNPs showed a strong evidence of association with total cholesterol (TC): rs1003723 and rs6413504 in the low-density lipoproteins receptor (LDLR). Two SNPs in LDLR showed a strong evidence of association with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), rs1003723 and rs6413504. Two SNPs showed a strong evidence of association with triglycerides (TG), namely, rs662145 in pro-protein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and rs11643718 in the solute carrier family 12 member 3 (SLC12A3). For the TC, LDL-C, and TG levels, these SNPs generated strong combined effects on these lipid levels. For each additional dangerous gene, TC increased by 0.085 mmol/L (p = 7.00 × 10−6), and LDL-C increased by 0.075 mmol/L (p = 9.00 × 10−6). The TG increased by 0.096 mmol/L (p = 2.90 × 10−5). Compared with those bearing no risk alleles, the risk of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and dyslipidemia increased in those with two or more risk alleles and one risk gene. Polymorphisms of PCSK9, LDLR, and SLC12A3 were associated with the plasma lipid levels in people in southern China. These results provide a theoretical basis for gene screening and the prevention of dyslipidemia.

Coronary artery disease has become a major health concern over the past several decades. We aimed to explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) and lifestyle factors with coronary artery disease (CAD) in dyslipidemia. This nested case-control study included 173 patients with CAD and 500 matched control individuals (1:3, case: control) from a district in southern China. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples of individuals with dyslipidemia and used the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction method to genotype the SNPs. The CC genotype of the additive and recessive models of rs4149339, together with regular intake of fried foods or dessert, increased the risk of CAD (adjusted odd ratio (OR) = 1.91, p = 0.030, adjusted OR = 1.97, p = 0.017, adjusted OR = 1.80, p = 0.002, adjusted OR = 1.98, p = 0.001). The AT + AA genotype of the dominant model of rs4743763 and moderate/heavy physical activity reduced the risk of CAD (adjusted OR = 0.66, p = 0.030, adjusted OR = 0.44, p = 0.001). The CT + CC genotype of the dominant model of rs2472386 reduced the risk of CAD only in males (adjusted OR = 0.36, p = 0.001). The interaction between rs4149339 and rs4743763 of ABCA1 and haplotype CTT (comprising rs4149339, rs4743763, and rs2472386) appeared to increase the risk of CAD (relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 3.19, p = 0.045, OR = 1.49, p = 0.019). Polymorphisms of rs4149339, rs4743763 and rs2472386 in ABCA1 and three lifestyle factors (physical activity, fried food intake, and dessert intake) were associated with CAD in people with dyslipidemia in southern China. These results provide the theoretical basis for gene screening and the prevention of chronic cardiovascular diseases.

Rich information is contributed to microblogs by millions of users all around the world. However, few work has been done on the study of microblog web page extraction so far. We proposed a unified structured information extraction method based on hierarchical clustering which is suitable for microblog web pages of any microblog websites. The experiment result on microblog web pages of some popular microblog service providers indicates the high performance of our method.

Aiming at Pbfree solder Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu (in short, SAC405), the uniaxial tensile tests are accomplished with constant strain-rate under different temperature and strain-rate load conditions. The elastic-viscoplastic behaviors of SAC405 solders are studied. The rate-dependent material main properties are analyzed, such ad yield limit, tensile strength, saturation stress, etc. Partitioned constitutive model is accepted to describe the constitutive behavior of SAC405 solder. The seven parameters in partitioned model are determined by experiment data. The results of numerical simulation are fitted with the experimental values.

As a core subunit of the SCF complex that promotes protein degradation through the 26S proteasome, S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including gibberellin (GA), jasmonate, ethylene, auxin and light responses. P7-2 encoded by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a devastating viral pathogen that causes severe symptoms in infected plants, interacts with SKP1 from different plants. However, whether RBSDV P7-2 forms a SCF complex and targets host proteins is poorly understood. In this study, we conducted yeast two-hybrid assays to further explore the interactions between P7-2 and 25 type I Oryza sativa SKP1-like (OSK) proteins, and found that P7-2 interacted with eight OSK members with different binding affinity. Co-immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed the interaction of P7-2 with OSK1, OSK5 and OSK20. It was also shown that P7-2, together with OSK1 and O. sativa Cullin-1, was able to form the SCF complex. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that P7-2 interacted with gibberellin insensitive dwarf2 (GID2) from rice and maize plants, which is essential for regulating the GA signaling pathway. It was further demonstrated that the N-terminal region of P7-2 was necessary for the interaction with GID2. Overall, these results indicated that P7-2 functioned as a component of the SCF complex in rice, and interaction of P7-2 with GID2 implied possible roles of the GA signaling pathway during RBSDV infection.

Harbin lies in high altitude region where residential insolation has always been a sensitive and important problem in planning and construction of residential areas. As the high-rise high-density development mode plays a leading role in metropolitan residential area construction, the sunshine issues and contradiction have been highlighted. This paper aims to conduct an in-depth study on sunshine environment on Dahan Day by choosing Harbin representative high-rise residential districts. It dissects this problem in detail from three perspectives respectively, outdoor venue shadow, indoor sunshine occlusion and typical residential sunshine duration of high-rise dwelling compared with multi-storey residence, which contributes to exposing the severe current situation and diagnosing the root causes of high-rise sunshine occlusion phenomenon. Based on the new sunlight standard, suggestions are put forward in introspection on improvement of related auxiliary mechanism, multi-party balance of interest, and supervision of new standard implementation.

Geotechnical engineers have become increasingly aware of salt damages caused by water-salt migration.The soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is a very important tool for determining the engineering properties of unsaturated soil. Using pressure plate extractors, This paper carried out a research on soil-water characteristics of saline soil in northwest China. Then, The relationship between matrix suction and water content was analyzed, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in different water content was calculated through predicting model of Van Genuchten(1980). Based on the measurement and calculation, the correlation between unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water content was established. Research results show that unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of saline soil decreases in non-linear trend with the water content reducing, while it decline linearly by a certain specific rate with the matrix suction increasing at a high-suction section (100kpa ~ 100000kpa) in double logarithmic coordinates.

The graphite was exfoliated by concentrated acid treatment, strong oxidants oxidation, high temperature rapid thermal shock process. Investigated in detail that the kind of oxidants, concentrated acid ratio, oxidation time affected on the graphite expansion rate. Experimental results (expansion, micro-structure observation and chemical structure analysis of graphite) showed that the optimum volume ratio of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid was 4:1; the expansion rate was better that added oxidant KMnO4than added oxidant K2Cr2O7; The best oxidation time (concentrated acid treatment time) was 30~60 min.

The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. n this investigation, laboratory permeability tests were conducted on the wet-processing reinforcement specimens to study the feasibility of reinforced soil as a material of construction. Two kinds of reinforced specimens with different reinforcement materials (wheat straw (C) and flax (M)) were mixed with 3% contents of soil mass, and product to the cylindroid for measurement of permeability by a flexible-wall permeameter. The variation relationship between permeability coefficient and Na2SO4 concentrations was analyzed. Test results show that the liquidity reduced with incrassate diffusion layer caused by the increasing Na+ concentrations in the diffusion layer of soil particles, and then a decrease of permeability is found. With the increasing time of permeability, it is found that the permeability coefficient decreased due to the consolidation and decreasing porosity of specimens caused by the change of stress state. At the same time, ion exchange adsorption and water film incrassate occurs in soil particle surface which also benefit to the decrease of permeability coefficient.

In this paper, with the purpose of constructing the low-carbon and energy-saving new rural countryside, we regarded the cold region in the Northeast of China as the research object, with analyzing the energy consumption structure and patterns and the main problems of planning and construction in countryside, we proposed planning technology measures and building programs considering selection of topography, design and layout , division of the functional region within the towns and villages, encouragements to build the row of houses, construction of multiple windbreaks, exploration of the energy from rural production and living waste and development of the new energy of solar, biogas, wind and other energy to adapt the character of cold climate.

Climate change-related anomalies have increased public concern regarding environmental protection. This has opened newer rural development avenues. In this regard, livability of villages is crucial, it can be evaluated based on the villagers&rsquo, quality of life (QoL). The WHOQOL-BREF, a comprehensive cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary scale proposed by the World Health Organization to assess QoL, has aided in assessing and improving QoL in different regions. However, the factors of this instrument are mutually influential, necessitating an improvement strategy considering the entire system. This problem may be resolved using the DANP-mV model. However, the traditional DANP-mV model includes many items and responding to all of them is difficult for experts. Therefore, by using the case of Xingshisi Village in China, this study proposed a modified DANP-mV model to provide additional suggestions for systematic improvement of the QoL and livability in the village. Xingshisi is a model village built according to an aspirational benchmark, however, different from the traditional definition of a benchmark, this village exhibits room for improvement. Although the modified model reduces the number of questions from 650 to 168, its effect remains similar to that of the traditional model. Moreover, in the modified model, physical capacity (D1) presented the largest dimensional gap. The interaction among the factors indicated that considering the effect of the environment (D4) and developing a systematic improvement strategy are necessary to improve the livability of villages facing limited resources.

The rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue. As one of the important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is promising in treating DM. In this review, we summarize new thoughts on treating DM that aim to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM from the perspectives of principle, methods, formula, herbs, and doses. Our approach is as follows: principle: we use a combination of symptoms, syndromes, and diseases as a new mode for treating diabetes; methods: emphasizing heat-clearing in the early and middle stage of T2DM and invigorating blood circulation throughout the whole process of T2DM are two innovative methods to treat T2DM; formulas and herbs: choosing formulas and herbs based on the combination of TCM theory and current medicine. We will emphasize four strategies to help doctors choose formulas and herbs, including treatment based on syndrome differentiation, choosing herbs of bitter and sour flavors to counteract sweet flavor, choosing formulas and herbs aimed at main symptoms, and using modern pharmacological achievements in clinical practice; dose: reasonable drug dose plays an important role in the treatment of DM and a close relationship exists between dose and clinical efficacy.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) performs a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). TCM treatment has certain advantages of less toxicity and/or side effects, and herbs could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Berberine (BBR) is a classical natural medicine. In this review, we summarize the application of BBR in the treatment of DM from two aspects. First, modern pharmacological effects of BBR on glucose metabolism are summarized, such as improving insulin resistance, promoting insulin secretion, inhibiting gluconeogenesis in liver, stimulating glycolysis in peripheral tissue cells, modulating gut microbiota, reducing intestinal absorption of glucose, and regulating lipid metabolism. BBR is used to treat diabetic nephropathy (DPN), diabetic neuropathy (DN), and diabetic cardiomyopathy due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Second, the clinical application of BBR is reviewed, such as listing some clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of BBR, explaining applicable stage and syndrome, the reasonable dose and dose formulation, and the toxicity and/or side effects. This review provides scientific evidence about BBR, as well as introducing some traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, in order to guide clinician to use BBR more suitably and reasonably.

The rapidly increasing diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major public health issue globally; considerable progress has been made in the field of western hypoglycemic drug and insulin, but some shortages still exist. As one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative therapies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) performs a good clinical practice and is showing a bright future in the treatment of DM. TCM therapy has certain advantages of less toxicity and/or side effects, and Chinese herbal medicine which usually contains various active ingredients could provide multiple therapeutic effects. Huang Lian (Rhizoma coptidis, RC) is a herb frequently used in many traditional formulas for properties of “clearing damp-heat, quenching fire, and counteracting poison” in Asia for centuries. In this review, we summarize the application ofRCin the treatment of DM from two aspects of contents. Firstly, theoretical principles are explained, including the properties and related records aboutRCin ancient references and modern pharmacological researches and pharmacokinetics onRCand its active components. Secondly, the clinical application ofRCis mainly reviewed, such as applicable stage and syndrome, the reasonable dose range, the preparation formulations, and the toxicity and/or side effects and solutions to its adverse actions. This review provides scientific evidence about the effective components, pharmacological researches, and toxicity ofRC, as well as introducing traditional Chinese medical theory and clinical experience, in order to guide clinician to useRCmore suitably and reasonably in the clinical practice.

Background Intestinal barrier dysfunction is not only the consequence of liver cirrhosis, but also an active participant in the development of liver cirrhosis. Previous studies showed that external administration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) improved intestinal barrier function in liver cirrhosis. However, the mechanism of IGF-1 on intestinal barrier in liver cirrhosis is not fully elucidated. The present study aims to investigate the mechanisms of IGF-1 improving intestinal barrier function via regulating tight junctions in intestines. Methods We used carbon tetrachloride induced liver cirrhotic rats to investigate the effect of IGF-1 on intestinal claudin-1 and occludin expressions, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, severity of liver fibrosis, portal pressures, enterocytic apoptosis and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels in portal vein. The changes of IGF-1 in serum during the development of rat liver cirrhosis were also evaluated. Additionally, we assessed the effect of IGF-1 on claudin-1 and occludin expressions, changes of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells to confirm in vivo findings. Results Serum IGF-1 levels were decreased in the development of rat liver cirrhosis, and external administration of IGF-1 restored serum IGF-1 levels. External administration of IGF-1 reduced serum ALT and AST levels, severity of liver fibrosis, LPS levels in portal vein, enterocytic apoptosis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. External administration of IGF-1 increased the expressions of claudin-1 and occludin in enterocytes, and attenuated tight junction dysfunction in intestines of cirrhotic rats. LPS decreased TEER in Caco-2 cell monolayer. LPS also decreased claudin-1 and occludin expressions and increased apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, IGF-1 attenuated the effect of LPS on TEER, claudin-1 expression, occludin expression and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Conclusions Tight junction dysfunction develops during the development of liver cirrhosis, and endotoxemia will develop subsequently. Correspondingly, increased endotoxin in portal system worsens tight junction dysfunction via decreasing intestinal occludin and claudin-1 expressions and increasing enterocytic apoptosis. Endotoxemia and intestinal barrier dysfunction form a vicious circle. External administration of IGF-1 breaks this vicious circle. Improvement of tight junctions might be one possible mechanism of the restoration of intestinal barrier function mediated by IGF-1.

Potassium (K)-rich mafic rocks are viewed as being derived from partial melting of an enriched mantle source, but it is controversial about which processes cause the mantle enrichment. The Fushui intrusive complex is the largest early Paleozoic K-rich intrusive complex in the eastern Qinling orogen. Therefore, detailed studies on the Fushui complex can contribute not only to understanding of the petrogenesis of K-rich mafic rocks, but also to unraveling the Paleozoic evolution of the Qinling orogen. In this study, we provide an integrated investigation of in situ zircon U–Pb dating and Hf–O isotopes, in combination with whole-rock major and trace elements, as well as Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes, for the Fushui intrusive complex. In situ zircon secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) / laser ablation induction coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) U–Pb dating reveals that different rock types of the Fushui complex have identical formation ages of 488–484 Ma. The Fushui complex belongs to the shoshonitic series, and is characterized by extreme large ion lithophile element (LILE, e.g., Ba, U, Th and Sr) and Pb enrichment and depletion of high field-strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti). It shows high initial Sr isotopic ratios (0.7100–0.7151), negative whole-rock e Nd(t) (−3.97 to −5.68) and negative to slight positive whole-rock (−2.24 to 2.38) and zircon (−2.85 to 0.34) e Hf(t) values, as well as high zircon δ18O values (6.86 ± 0.13 ‰). The Hf–Nd isotopic systems are decoupled with positive Δe Hf values (3.85–5.37). These geochemical features indicate that the mantle source has incorporated subducted zircon–barren oceanic sediments. A simple two-end-members mixing model constrains the amount of subducted sediments in the Fushui mantle source to 5–8 %. The Fushui complex originated from 1 to 6 % equilibrium melting of a phlogopite-bearing garnet lherzolite by non-modal melting. As shoshonitic magmas have been discovered in modern nascent arcs, we suggest that the generation of the Fushui complex was induced by the subduction of the Paleotethyan Ocean, when it jumped from the northern to the southern boundary of the North Qinling microcontinent.

Through field research of typical villages and towns in China's northern cold region, this paper research energy consumption and resource recovery in the process of village and town garbage collection and disposal and organizes current situation and problems of village and town garbage collection and disposal. At present, village and town garbage collection and disposal means and thoughts are traditional and lag behind in China's northern cold region. There is the lack of garbage collection and disposal mode suitable for cold villages and towns. Thus, village and town resources are not effectively utilized, and residents’ living environment is affected continuously. This paper selects two mature garbage disposal methods: sanitary landfill and incineration power generation. Meanwhile, energy consumption and ultimate emission utilization of two schemes in garbage collection and disposal links are overall compared to propose garbage collection and disposal mode with low energy consumption suitable for green villages and towns in cold region. Besides, various control indexes of village and town garbage disposal schemes are explained in detail in combination of specific conditions.