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Copyright of Alteridad: Revista de Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Campus Virtuales is the property of Campus Virtuales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on Fe-based laser cladding coatings containing varying levels of four elements, and the objective is to investigate the influence of TiC addition on the microstructural evolution, microhardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of these Fe-based composite coatings. Fe/TiC composite coatings were prepared by incorporating 20 wt.% TiC into four types of Fe-based coatings. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy for microstructural observation, microhardness testing, friction and wear tests, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the phases of the coatings are primarily composed of α-Fe and Cr7C3. Upon the addition of TiC, the TiC and Ni3Ti phases were observed in the coatings. The coatings mainly consist of columnar crystals, dendritic structures, equiaxed grains, and cellular structures, with petal-shaped TiC particles distributed within the coating matrix. TiC effectively enhances the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings. The average microhardness of the coatings increased from 455.8 ± 20.8 HV0.2 to 802.8 ± 41.6 HV0.2 with TiC addition. Simultaneously, the wear rate of coating A2 decreased from 1.51 × 10−6 g/(N·m) to 1.02 × 10−7 g/(N·m), indicating an order of magnitude improvement in wear resistance. However, TiC destroys the denseness of the Fe coating, the current corrosion density increases by 28% on average, and the corrosion resistance decreases significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Edmetic: Revista de Educación Mediática y TIC is the property of EDMETIC Revista de Educacion Mediatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Educación XX1 is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, K2TiF6 and C powder (Ti:C atomic ratio 1:1) are introduced into Al-Si-Fe alloy by contact reaction method. The focus of this study is to investigate the reaction and precipitation behavior of Ti source in the alloy melt, and the effect of reaction products on the microstructure and properties of Al-Si-Fe alloy. The results show that the reaction products formed between Ti and the matrix alloy can destroy the acicular β-Fe phase in the original alloy. The transformation results in the a morphological change of the alloy from needle-like structure to Chinese script and fishbone-like structure, which effectively improves the mechanical properties of the alloy. The DSC analysis results indicate that Al-Si- Fe powder, K2TiF6 powder, and C powder undergo significant exothermic reactions at around 950 °C, corresponding to the formation of TiC. Further microscopic morphology observations support the inference that TiC powders formed in this temperature range. Firstly, the synthesis of the matrix takes place at 580 °C. K2TiF6 mixed with alloy powder shows an obvious exothermic peak at 660 ℃, corresponding to the formation of the second phase Al3Ti by wetting and chemical reaction. However, it is worth noting that the reaction intermediate product(Al4C3 phase) consumes three times as much Al3Ti as itself. As a result, the exothermic peak generated by Al3Ti disappears. Lastly, a long-term exothermic reaction that takes place above 850 °C lead to the gradual replacement of the Al3Ti phase by TiC particles. The mechanical properties test indicates that the needle-shaped Al3Ti to some extent deteriorates the alloy's properties. But the final product (TiC) can offset the deteriorating effect of Al3Ti and restore the alloy's property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents how the combination of both the active methodologies and the information and communication technologies (ICT) constitutes effective procedures and tools for teaching and learning business Spanish. The theoretical concepts reviewed are the framework of the activity implemented, which main aim was to verify the proposed assumption. In addition, it was also suggested to test the development of the communicative and digital competences of the students that were involved, as well as the necessary abilities to work cooperatively. The participants were 36 individuals, divided into two groups, who studied Spanish as a foreign language and Business and Finance at an educational centre in the USA. Each group used a different active methodology, the case study method and the project-based learning, and digital tools. The research had both a mixed method design, quantitative and qualitative, and a quasiexperimental one. An assessment rubric and an observation sheet were used in order to analise the results, which validated the hypothesis and the objectives of the study. It is therefore concluded that the interaction, participation and skills stimulated during the didactic performance with the active methodologies and the ICT tools implemented and the motivation derived from this process achieve and improve the significant learning of business Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video games are considered a source of information that can generate more dynamic learning. In addition, it is framed in the perspective of action promoted by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, which means that they become an innovative and updated tool for teaching. The aim of this work is to analyze the benefits that video games can provide as a tool for our university students in language subjects, specifically French as a foreign language (FLE). For this purpose, we will make a tour of the most useful video games in order to obtain the basic notions and thus facilitate their integration in the educational context. It is necessary to renew to be able to motivate and to make students of the higher levels reflect is necessary to be able to train competent people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present work, hybrid flexible nanostructures of titanium carbide (TiC)/silicon carbide(SiC) doped polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) were fabricated as promising nanomaterials to utilize in various optoelectronics applications. The optical, structural, and dielectric properties of (PVA–TiC–SiC) nanocomposites (NCs) films have been investigated. The obtained results indicated that the increasing of TiC/SiC NPs improve the alternating-current(A.C) conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric losses of PVA. The dielectric constant and dielectric losses reduced while the A.C electrical conductivity enhancement when the frequencies increased. The results of optical properties showed the absorbance of pure PVA was rise of 98% with adding 6 wt% of TiC/SiC NPs and the optical conductivity increased of 99%, this performance is benefit for photocatalysis, diodes, optoelectronics, and solar cells applications. The energy gap reduced for allowed and forbidden transitions approximately 86% and 73%, respectively, with adding 6 wt% of TiC/SiC NPs. By adding of TiC/SiC NPs, the other optical factors of (PVA–TiC–SiC) nanocomposites were improved with a broad range of photon energy and this make them as potential nanomaterials for photonics applications. Finally, the findings showed that (PVA–TiC–SiC) nanostructures are attractive materials for promising optoelectronic nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiC bonded diamond composites were prepared from a mixture of Ti, graphite, and diamond powders as raw materials, with Si as sintering additives, through high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) technology. The reaction between Ti and graphite under 4.5–5 GPa pressure and 1.7–2.3 kW output power can produce TiC as the main phase. The diamond particles are surrounded by TiC, and the interface is firmly bonded. The coefficient of friction (COF) of TiC–diamond composites with POM and PP balls decreases with increasing load for a specific friction velocity. However, the COF of TiC–diamond composites with agate, Cu and Al balls increases with the rising load because of the enhanced adhesive wear effect. The COF of PP, Cu and Al balls slightly increases with the increase in friction velocity at a certain load. SEM results show that the surface of agate balls has rough, pear-shaped grooves and shallow scratches. The scratches on the surface of POM balls are wrinkled. The PP balls have pear-shaped groove scratches on their wear surfaces. The wear mechanism of TiC–diamond composites with Cu ball pairs is primarily adhesive wear. The abrasion of TiC–diamond composites with Cu ball pairs remains almost unchanged as the load increases. However, the depth and width of the pear-shaped grooves on the wear surface of TiC–diamond composites are significantly increased. This phenomenon may be attributed to the high rotational speed, which helps to remove the residual abrasive debris from the friction grooves. As a result, there is a decrease in both the depth and width of the pear-shaped grooves, leading to a smoother overall surface. The wear mechanism of TiC–diamond composites with Al ball pairs is abrasive wear, which increases with an increasing load. When the load is constant, as the speed increases, the wear morphology of TiC–diamond composites with Al ball pairs transitions from rough to smooth and then back to rough again. This phenomenon may be attributed to the wear mechanism at low speeds being groove wear and adhesive wear. As the speed increases, the wear particles are more easily removed from the wear track, leading to a reduction in abrasiveness. As the speed increases, the wear surface becomes roughened by a combination of grooves and dispersed wear debris. This can be attributed to the increased dynamic interaction between surfaces caused by higher speed, resulting in a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear. In addition, Cu and Al ball wear debris appeared as irregular particles that permeated and adhered to the surface of the TiC phase among the diamond particles. The results suggest that TiC–diamond composites are a very promising friction material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundComprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line treatment for tic disorders that aims to improve controllability over tics that an individual finds distressing or impairing. However, it is only effective for approximately half of patients. Supplementary motor area (SMA)-directed neurocircuitry plays a strong role in motor inhibition, and activity in this region is thought to contribute to tic expression. Targeted modulation of SMA using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may increase CBIT efficacy by improving patients' ability to implement tic controllability behaviors.MethodsThe CBIT + TMS trial is a two-phase, milestone-driven early-stage randomized controlled trial. The trial will test whether augmenting CBIT with inhibitory, non-invasive stimulation of SMA with TMS modifies activity in SMA-mediated circuits and enhances tic controllability in youth ages 12-21 years with chronic tics. Phase 1 will directly compare two rTMS augmentation strategies (1 Hz rTMS vs. cTBS) vs. sham in N = 60 participants. Quantifiable, a priori "Go/No Go Criteria" guide the decision to proceed to phase 2 and the selection of the optimal TMS regimen. Phase 2 will compare the optimal regimen vs. sham and test the link between neural target engagement and clinical outcomes in a new sample of N = 60 participants.DiscussionThis clinical trial is one of few to date testing TMS augmentation of therapy in a pediatric sample. The results will provide insight into whether TMS is a potentially viable strategy for enhancing CBIT efficacy and reveal potential neural and behavioral mechanisms of change.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04578912 . Registered on October 8, 2020.

Este estudio descriptivo revisa sistemáticamente la literatura sobre el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el desarrollo de la creatividad visual en niños preescolares, habilidad clave para su desarrollo cognitivo y emocional. La investigación analiza cómo las TIC pueden promover las expresiones artísticas y contribuir a un modelo educativo más inclusivo e innovador. La revisión se basó en estudios empíricos publicados entre 2020 y 2024 en SCOPUS, seleccionados mediante rigurosos criterios de inclusión y exclusión para garantizar la relevancia de los hallazgos. Los resultados indican que el uso de las TIC en entornos de aprendizaje, cuando se planifica y supervisa adecuadamente, puede estimular significativamente la creatividad visual en los bebés. Herramientas digitales como Thrive by Five y BELLA se identifican como recursos eficaces para este propósito, fomentando la creatividad desde edades tempranas y facilitando un aprendizaje más significativo. Sin embargo, se enfatiza la necesidad de regular el tiempo de exposición y adaptar las actividades tecnológicas a las necesidades de desarrollo de los niños para maximizar los beneficios educativos y creativos. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de integrar las TIC en estrategias pedagógicas integrales que equilibren la innovación tecnológica y el desarrollo infantil saludable, promoviendo prácticas educativas de alta calidad que mejoren el aprendizaje y la creatividad en la primera infancia.

Las organizaciones de todo tipo se encuentran en búsqueda de la mejora continua de sus procesos en pro de optimizar su eficiencia y eficacia. En el caso de las instituciones educativas, los procesos administrativos que realiza el profesorado representan uno de los principales insumos para que el resto de las operaciones fluyan de manera adecuada y sea posible brindar un servicio de calidad a los clientes internos y externos. La presente investigación aborda la forma en la cual el nivel de gestión del conocimiento, la administración del tiempo y el manejo de TIC y TAC se relaciona con el cumplimiento de los procesos administrativos de una institución educativa de nivel superior en su sección preparatoria. Con un nivel de significancia de .05 se ha podido comprobar que el nivel de administración del tiempo que presentan los docentes afecta de manera significativa los tiempos de entrega de reportes de desempeño de los estudiantes, repercutiendo de esta forma en la afectación de los procesos administrativos de las instituciones educativas.

Three 50Cr6Ni2Y + x wt.% TiC (x = 1.5, 3.0, 4.5) alloy steel coatings were prepared using direct laser deposition (DLD) technology. The microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of DLD samples were studied. The results indicate that DLD coatings were composed of α-Fe (Fe-Cr-Ti), γ-Fe (Fe-Ni), and TiC. When the added TiC content was 3.0 wt.%, the DLD coating without cracks was fabricated, and TiC particles were well embedded in the sample. In addition, the coating demonstrated the best performance, with a microhardness of 758 ± 23.3 HV0.2, an average friction coefficient of 0.58, and a wear rate of 0.37 %. The addition of an appropriate amount of TiC as a reinforcing phase, on the one hand, had played a role in the second phase strengthening. On the other hand, the diffusion interfaces formed between TiC particles and the matrix allowed some Ti elements to melt into the matrix and formed a solid solution, playing a role in solid solution strengthening. The results could provide a reference for the preparation and repair of laser additive manufacturing high-performance wear-resistant parts.

Las redes de colaboración científica constituyen intercambios profesionales con la intención de alcanzar resultados superiores. En esta tesitura, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) devienen en herramientas y espacios idóneos, que potencian la interacción entre profesionales e instituciones para optimizar los proceso y recursos en la obtención de mayor impacto social, científico y tecnológico. El presente estudio pone énfasis en la influencia de las TIC en la formación de redes de colaboración científica, a partir del análisis de las publicaciones fruto de la investigación universitaria. Para ello se implementó una revisión sistemática de la literatura orientada al análisis temático del campo de estudio. Esta permitió identificar los puntos de coincidencia en los resultados de las publicaciones referidas a las redes de colaboración y el uso de las TIC, donde se devela el aumento de la colaboración interdisciplinaria y transnacional, la mejora en la eficiencia y la velocidad de la investigación y el incremento en la calidad y el impacto de la investigación.

El estudio aborda la problemática de las competencias digitales de los docentes universitarios y su relación con la integración de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) en el aula. El objetivo principal es analizar las estrategias efectivas utilizadas por los docentes para integrar las TIC en su práctica pedagógica, con el fin de mejorar la calidad y relevancia de la enseñanza universitaria. La metodología empleada fue mixta. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo y transversal para recopilar datos en un momento específico y describir las características del contexto estudiado. La población de interés fueron docentes universitarios, y se seleccionó una muestra de 25 participantes mediante un método de selección no probabilístico no intencional. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario con 10 preguntas relacionadas con el uso y dominio de competencias digitales, así como la integración de las TIC en el aula. Se emplearon escalas de respuesta para recopilar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, permitiendo una visión detallada de las prácticas y percepciones de los docentes. Los resultados revelaron que, si bien los docentes poseen un buen nivel de conocimiento y habilidades en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, existen áreas de mejora en la creación de contenido digital y la seguridad informática. Se concluyó que es fundamental implementar programas de capacitación y desarrollo profesional para fortalecer estas áreas y promover una integración efectiva de las TIC en la práctica pedagógica, beneficiando tanto a docentes como a estudiantes.

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han generado grandes cambios en todos los sectores de la sociedad actual, pero especialmente en el ámbito empresarial, promoviendo el desarrollo de la Planificación de Recursos Empresariales (ERP). De estos cambios tecnológicos es que se evidencia la necesidad de estudiar cómo influye la tecnología en las ERP y de analizar la producción científica en este campo de estudio entre los años 2013 y 2023. El estudio utilizó dos de las bases de datos con mayor impacto en la comunidad científica, Scopus y Web of Science, para proporcionar una visión general descriptiva y analítica de las tendencias más desarrolladas y las líneas emergentes de investigación en el campo. Se aplicaron técnicas bibliométricas para analizar los datos, incluyendo el análisis de citas, el análisis de coocurrencia de palabras clave y el análisis de redes. La producción científica en las ERP ha experimentado un crecimiento constante en los últimos años, con un aumento significativo en el número de publicaciones y citas. Los resultados del análisis bibliométrico indican que las áreas de investigación más desarrolladas son la planificación de recursos empresariales, los sistemas de gestión, las tecnologías de la información y el rendimiento empresarial.

La investigación analiza la usabilidad de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y el grado de compromiso organizacional, específicamente entre el personal administrativo del Gobierno Regional de Pasco, como parte de otros efectos del COVID-19. Adoptando un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo-correlacional, el estudio incorporó a 320 trabajadores administrativos pertenecientes al mencionado gobierno regional. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Usabilidad de las TIC junto con la Escala de Compromiso Organizacional de Meyer y Allen. Los resultados revelaron una conexión directa y sumamente significativa (rho = .511, p < .01) entre la usabilidad de las TIC y el compromiso organizacional. En conclusión, la pandemia ha tenido un efecto inesperado: ha dado un enorme impulso a la adopción de las TIC en distintos ámbitos. Después de la pandemia de COVID-19, se halló que una mayor usabilidad de las TIC se traduce directamente en un incremento en el compromiso organizacional dentro de la población examinada.

La creciente importancia de la competencia digital en el ámbito educativo resalta la necesidad de que los futuros docentes tengan sólidas habilidades digitales para garantizar una enseñanza efectiva. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la autopercepción de la competencia digital de los futuros docentes en los Institutos de Formación Docente (IFD) de Paraguay, así como identificar los factores que influyen en dicha percepción. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación transversal con un enfoque exploratorio y una metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra representativa de 518 futuros docentes a nivel nacional. Los hallazgos revelan que los participantes perciben tener un nivel intermedio de competencia digital; su formación en Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) se realiza de manera reglada de tipo telemática, y sus actitudes hacia el uso de estas tecnologías son en general positivas. Además, se encontró una correlación media estadísticamente significativa entre la formación en TIC, la actitud hacia estas tecnologías y la competencia digital auto percibida. Las conclusiones del estudio enfatizan que los IFD implementen estrategias metodológicas activas que promuevan actitudes positivas hacia las tecnologías y ofrezcan una formación más sólida en estas áreas. Esto fortalecerá las competencias digitales de los futuros docentes, lo que a su vez puede mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en el contexto educativo actual.

L'utilisation des smartphones comme outil pédagogique est en plein essor dans l'enseignement/apprentissage des soins infirmiers (O'Connor et al., 2023). L'objectif de cette recherche est d'analyser l'influence de l'utilisation des smartphones sur la formation des étudiants en soins infirmiers à l'Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé (ISPITS) d'Agadir. Nous avons réalisé une enquête qualitative auprès de 20 étudiants en utilisant des entretiens semi-directifs. Selon les résultats, les smartphones permettent de faciliter l'accès à l'information, d'améliorer la communication entre les pairs et de soutenir l'apprentissage concret. Toutefois, on a également repéré des obstacles tels que les distractions et la dépendance éventuelle. Cette étude suggère des méthodes pour maximiser l'efficacité de l'utilisation des smartphones dans la formation en soins infirmiers.

La integración de la tecnología como herramienta educativa es esencial en todas las etapas educativas. En este contexto, la realidad virtual ha emergido como una herramienta poderosa en los últimos años. A pesar de su prominencia, la investigación que demuestra su eficacia en la Educación Secundaria es escasa. Para abordar esta brecha, se llevó a cabo un meta-análisis con el objetivo de explorar y definir la influencia de la realidad virtual en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de secundaria. Los resultados principales revelan un impacto positivo en el rendimiento académico, especialmente en intervenciones de corta duración al igual que se muestran las investigaciones realizadas en otras etapas. Sin embargo, se destaca la falta de claridad en la literatura científica respecto al impacto general de las intervenciones con realidad virtual en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en esta etapa específica. Este hallazgo resalta la necesidad de investigaciones más detalladas y concluyentes para informar mejor las prácticas educativas en el uso de la realidad virtual en la Educación Secundaria.

El presente trabajo pretende dar ciertas respuestas a la necesidad de introducir la educación emocional y la enseñanza de las emociones en la etapa escolar primaria, teniendo a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) como medio de trabajo. El objetivo principal ha consistido en trabajar el conocimiento y la gestión de emociones del alumnado de 6.º curso de Educación Primaria, a través de la tecnología con la intención última de cooperar al desarrollo integral de la persona. Para demostrar la efectividad y los beneficios positivos del argumento y objetivo, se diseñó ex profeso un blog interactivo destinado al aprendizaje y la práctica emocional, base de la investigación cuantitativa presentada. El alumnado que configura la muestra del estudio procede de diversos centros educativos (públicos, concertados-privados) de la ciudad de Albacete (España). Los resultados revelaron que las niñas son más maduras emocionalmente que los niños y que el alumnado de centros públicos obtuvo puntuaciones más altas relativas a la inteligencia emocional que los alumnos de los centros concertado-privados. En conclusión, se defiende la necesidad de implementar diversos programas de educación emocional en los centros escolares de Educación Primaria para colaborar a la adquisición de la competencia emocional y lograr así un desarrollo pleno en el alumnado.

TiC features an interesting combination of mechanical properties, high-temperature resistance, and lightness, making it an excellent candidate for several applications in harsh environments. However, its sintering to obtain bulk components is extremely challenging. Herein, we show that titanium aluminide is a promising sintering aid for TiC (5, 10, and 20 vol% were investigated). The aluminide allows the formation of a nearly fully dense component at 1350 °C by spark plasma sintering under 80 MPa. The aluminide forms a grain boundary secondary phase that promotes the Ti diffusion: Ti from TiC can be dissolved within the TiAly at the neck center and precipitate at the neck surface, while C can easily diffuse through the TiC lattice. Higher temperatures cause the extrusion of the aluminide out of the SPS die and its reaction with oxygen impurities. The final microstructure is constituted by nearly pure TiC with isolated alumina pockets at the triple points.

El presente artículo analiza la manera en que las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), siendo herramientas creadas para el desarrollo de una educación incluyen-te, resultan excluyendo de manera recurrente a las personas y comunidades más vulnerables que adolecen de los recursos necesarios para acercarse al conocimiento. Siendo una realidad poco tratada, rememora el desafío que representó para las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) mantenerse funcionales ante una pandemia en donde hubo la necesidad atropellada de migrar todo proceso de enseñanza hacia la implementación de mediaciones tecnológicas para poder sobrellevar las implicaciones de tan inusual contingencia. Enfatiza en la importancia que tiene tanto para estudiantes como para cuerpos profesorales, desenvolverse en entornos digi-tales dentro de espacios académicos mayoritariamente presenciales, dado que las mediaciones tecnológicas potencializan los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, siempre que se mantenga claro, que la inclusión no solo implica garantizar un cupo para quien lo desee sin importar sus necesidades educativas especiales, sino garantizar acceso a la educación pese a sus dificultades económicas, geográficas, o tecnológicas.

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in aerospace and chemical equipment manufacturing due to its good strength, plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance and weldability, but its hardness and abrasion resistance are not high enough to limit its service life under frictional wear conditions to some extent. Ti-6Al-4V alloy homogeneous cermet cladding layer with TiC-added phase was additively prepared based on the optimized process method of laser cladding, and the strengthening effect of TiC enhancement with respect to the cladding layer microstructure as well as the basic mechanical properties was characterized and verified. The results show that the main phases of the cladding layer include α-Ti, β-Ti and TiC, of which TiC is supersaturated and precipitated within the cladding layer. Due to the difference in the supercooling degree at different locations of the cladding layer, the precipitated TiC is mainly in the form of fine particles at the top of the cladding layer, while it is mainly in the form of dendrites and petals in the middle of the cladding layer. The bottom of the cladding has a new wheat spikes precipitation shape, while no significant TiC precipitation is seen in the dilution zone. The average microhardness of the cladding layer is 530HV0.5, which is 61% higher than that of the substrate; the average friction coefficient of the cladding layer is 0.3583 at 35 N load, which is 11% lower than that of the substrate, and the volume wear rate is about 87% that of the substrate, and the wear is in the form of adhesive wear and abrasive wear.

In this article, wear and microstructure behaviors of dissimilar Al–Mg joints made by friction stir welding (FSW) with the addition of TiC nanoparticles under different welding parameters were investigated. Optimal joining conditions were achieved by a combination of various rotational and traverse speeds and the best microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors were achieved for specimens joined at rotational and traverse speeds of 850 rpm and 50 mm/min, respectively. It was shown that the TiC particles play a prominent role in the microstructure modification and enhanced mechanical properties of weld samples due to the recrystallization process and pinning effect. The maximum hardness and strength values of 241 HV and 168 MPa, respectively were obtained for the weld sample made by optimal condition. The friction coefficient and wear volume loss for weld samples fabricated at 850 rpm and 50 mm/min is comparatively less compared to other conditions due to the highest grain refinement, homogenous distribution of particles, and highest hardness characteristics. The major wear happened because of adhesion, abrasion, plastic deformation, delamination, and oxidation.

In order to solve the softening problem of welding heat affected zone (HAZ) for Cu-bearing steel caused by the dissolution of Cu-rich particles, TiC was utilized to induce the Cu-rich re-precipitation. With the peak temperature increased from 780 °C (ICHAZ) to 950 °C (FGHAZ), the size of 9R–Cu increases from 4 nm to 5 nm, accompanied with the increment of volume fraction from 0.6% to 1.0%. Phase field simulations indicate that TiC repels Cu atoms into γ-Fe matrix and promotes the formation of Cu-rich clusters. Then, Cu-rich clusters provide more nucleation sites for Cu-rich particles, which contributed to the re-precipitation of refined 9R–Cu. Due to the disappearance of coarse grain boundary Cu-rich particles and formation of fresh lath bainite, re-precipitated Cu-rich particles provided precipitation strengthening value of 237 MPa and 298 MPa without decreasing the low temperature toughness for ICHAZ and FGHAZ. The yield strength and absorbed energy at −40 °C of HAZs exceed 1000 MPa and 120J, respectively.

Abstract Disposable bamboo chopsticks (DBCs) are difficult to recycle, which inevitably cause secondary pollution. Based on energy and environmental issues, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate floatable photocatalyst (fPC) coated onto DBCs, which can be flexibly used in water purification. The photocatalyst of titania and titanium carbide on bamboo (TiO2/TiC@b) was successfully constructed from TiC-Ti powders and DBCs using a coating technique followed heat treatment in carbon powder, and the fPC exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light irradation. The analysis results indicate that rutile TiO2 forms on TiC during heat treatment, achieving a low-density material with an average value of approximately 0.5233 g/cm3. The coatings of TiO2/TiC on the bamboo are firm and uniform, with a particle size of about 20–50 nm. XPS results show that a large amount of oxygen vacancies is generated, due to the reaction atmosphere of more carbon and less oxygen, further favoring to narrowing the band gap of TiO2. Furthermore, TiO2 formed on residual TiC would induce the formation of a heterojunction, which effectively inhibits the photogenerated electron–hole recombination via the charge transfer effect. Notably, the degradation of dye Rhodamine B (Rh.B) is 62.4% within 3 h, while a previous adsorption of 36.0% for 1 h. The excellent photocatalytic performance of TiO2/TiC@b can be attributed to the enhanced reaction at the water/air interface due to the reduced light loss in water, improved visible-light response, increased accessible area and charge transfer effect. Our findings show that the proposed strategy achieves a simple, low-cost, and mass-producible method to fabricate fPC onto the used DBCs, which is expected to applied in multiple fields, especially in waste recycling and water treatment.

Abstract To report the results of ‘responsive’ deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette syndrome (TS) in a National Institutes of Health funded experimental cohort. The use of ‘brain derived physiology’ as a method to trigger DBS devices to deliver trains of electrical stimulation is a proposed approach to address the paroxysmal motor and vocal tic symptoms which appear as part of TS. Ten subjects underwent bilateral staged DBS surgery and each was implanted with bilateral centromedian thalamic (CM) region DBS leads and bilateral M1 region cortical strips. A series of identical experiments and data collections were conducted on three groups of consecutively recruited subjects. Group 1 (n = 2) underwent acute responsive DBS using deep and superficial leads. Group 2 (n = 4) underwent chronic responsive DBS using deep and superficial leads. Group 3 (n = 4) underwent responsive DBS using only the deep leads. The primary outcome measure for each of the 8 subjects with chronic responsive DBS was calculated as the pre-operative baseline Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) motor subscore compared to the 6 month embedded responsive DBS setting. A responder for the study was defined as any subject manifesting a ≥ 30 points improvement on the YGTSS motor subscale. The videotaped Modified Rush Tic Rating Scale (MRVTRS) was a secondary outcome. Outcomes were collected at 6 months across three different device states: no stimulation, conventional open-loop stimulation, and embedded responsive stimulation. The experience programming each of the groups and the methods applied for programming were captured. There were 10 medication refractory TS subjects enrolled in the study (5 male and 5 female) and 4/8 (50%) in the chronic responsive eligible cohort met the primary outcome manifesting a reduction of the YGTSS motor scale of ≥ 30% when on responsive DBS settings. Proof of concept for the use of responsive stimulation was observed in all three groups (acute responsive, cortically triggered and deep DBS leads only). The responsive approach was safe and well tolerated. TS power spectral changes associated with tics occurred consistently in the low frequency 2–10 Hz delta-theta-low alpha oscillation range. The study highlighted the variety of programming strategies which were employed to achieve responsive DBS and those used to overcome stimulation induced artifacts. Proof of concept was also established for a single DBS lead triggering bi-hemispheric delivery of therapeutic stimulation. Responsive DBS was applied to treat TS related motor and vocal tics through the application of three different experimental paradigms. The approach was safe and effective in a subset of individuals. The use of different devices in this study was not aimed at making between device comparisons, but rather, the study was adapted to the current state of the art in technology. Overall, four of the chronic responsive eligible subjects met the primary outcome variable for clinical effectiveness. Cortical physiology was used to trigger responsive DBS when therapy was limited by stimulation induced artifacts.

The present study aims to determine the effects of an intervention that analyzes the effectiveness of a serious game (video-game with educational objectives) designed to reduce stigma towards people with mental-health problems. This video-game was applied both separately and in combination with other traditional-tools, such as a talk with a professional and face-to-face contact with persons with lived experiences of mental health conditions in a design with three experimental groups, where the different interventions were incorporated consecutively and a control group, where only participants without intervention were assessed. The Questionnaire on Students Attitudes towards Schizophrenia was used to assess stigma. The results obtained reveal the utility of the serious-game, producing a statistically significant reduction of stigma, and also the importance of combining it with other elements, such as contact with persons with lived experiences of mental health conditions. The talk by a professional produced no improvements in the intervention. The relevance of these results is discussed.

The remelting of Fe‐xTiC metal matrix composites (MMCs) is studied using the sessile drop method. This is to determine the conditions needed for the complete dissolution of TiC precipitates in the Fe‐based melt. Samples with different amounts of TiC (2, 3.5, and 5 wt%) are analyzed in a hot‐stage microscope (HSM), capturing the softening and melting temperatures. A Cr‐alloyed steel is selected as a matrix. Consequently, the presence of TiC elevates the melting initiation temperature above the melting point of pure iron (e.g., 1659 ± 10 °C for Fe‐5TiC). Furthermore, samples with higher TiC amounts exhibit higher melting initiation temperatures. This trend is confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, conducted on the representative Fe‐xTiC samples. Microstructural examinations of the solidified (HSM) samples identify two distinct TiC precipitate morphologies: primary blocky/cubic and secondary eutectic plate like. For instance, the Fe‐5TiC sample contains numerous blocky/cubic precipitates (7.5 ± 3.1 μm) clustered at the upper cross‐ section, while secondary plate‐like precipitates (20.4 ± 11.8 μm) are uniformly distributed in eutectic assemblies with the matrix. This study provides meaningful insights for optimizing the production of as‐cast and as‐atomized Fe‐TiC MMCs, particularly in selecting reinforcement levels and homogenization temperatures for complete TiC dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the harsh working condition, the ZrO 2 –C materials used in the slag line in the submerged entry nozzle are confronted with serious slag erosion. In order to solve this issue, different amounts of TiO 2 addition ranging from 0 to 6 wt% are added and their effects on the erosion resistance of ZrO 2 –C materials in addition to phase composition, microstructure, physical properties and high-temperature mechanical properties are investigated in this work. When the sintering temperature is above 1400 °C, fine TiC grains and SiC whiskers are in-situ formed and distributed around ZrO 2 particles, which can reinforce the matrix and improve the strength of ZrO 2 –C materials. With the amount of TiO 2 addition increasing, the cold strength of ZrO 2 –C materials increases while the high-temperature strength slightly decreases. Combining with the erosion resistance, the optimum amount of TiO 2 in ZrO 2 –C materials is determined to be 4 wt%, in which the cold compressive strength (46.13 MPa), the cold modulus of rupture (35.12 MPa) and the residual strength after thermal shock (15.01 MPa) reach the maximum. Based on this, the promotion mechanism of erosion resistance is further discussed with aid of molecular dynamics simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-temperature interaction between molten gray cast iron and Ti + C substrates that are composed of titanium and graphite powders was investigated by the sessile drop method combined with the non-contact heating of an alloy/substrate couple to a test temperature of 1330 °C in an inert gas atmosphere (argon). During the high-temperature testing, the images of the couple were recorded by a high-speed high-resolution CCD camera and used for estimating the values of the contact angles over time. An analysis of the wettability kinetics of the different Ti + C substrates by molten cast iron as well as a detailed structural characterization of the solidified couples with the help of light microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy have allowed us to explain the mechanism of high-temperature interaction in the selected couples. It was evidenced that the good wetting and fast infiltration of all of the examined substrates with the selected alloy had a reactive nature due to the dissolution of the Ti and graphite in the molten alloy (dissolutive wetting) and the reactively formed wettable TiC phase. These high-temperature phenomena contributed to the formation of three metal-infiltrated zones with different amounts and distributions of TiC particles in the Fe-based matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Persistent Tic Disorders such as Tourette Syndrome are common neurodevelopmental disorders that are highly stigmatized. Many individuals with Persistent Tic Disorders experience peer rejection, loneliness, and self-stigma. Experiencing stigmatization during childhood can influence the persistence of moderate-to-severe tics later in life. Additionally, these factors have been associated with increased suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and psychiatric symptom severity. There is a need for interventions to reduce stigma and stigmatization in Persistent Tic Disorders. Before developing cost-effective interventions to mitigate stigma's profound downstream health impacts, a reliable measure of stigmatization must be created. The overarching goal of this research is to develop and validate the Tourette Discrimination-Stigmatization (TD-STIGMA) Scale. Methods: This paper presents the study protocol for developing and validating the TD-STIGMA Scale. The study is designed as a mixed methods study to develop the TD-STIGMA scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. The study uses a phased approach: (1) collection of narrative and thematic content data through in-depth qualitative interviews of stakeholders, (2) development of a novel TD-STIGMA self-report scale using the Delphi Method based on these results, and (3) completion of analyses to determine the scale's psychometric properties (confirmatory factor analysis, convergent, known-group, criterion validity, and test-retest reliability). Discussion: This project will result in a personalized approach to stigma measurement about youth and young adults with Persistent Tic Disorders, which to date does not exist. There are several limitations. Comorbidities or spiritual or cultural beliefs may affect perceptions of stigma and are not directly assessed in this study. We will utilize institutional resources for community outreach to purposefully sample underrepresented minorities who may be at disproportionate risk of adverse outcomes. However, this may not be fully representative of the generalized tic population. The study team will be purposeful in maintaining participant engagement for study retention. Lastly, participants from a tertiary referral center may not fully represent the generalized tic community. However, we hope our broad recruitment strategy and virtual study visits will facilitate a diverse and inclusive sampling of the patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a contribution that aims to shed light on the impact of the pandemic on educational processes based on information gathered from teachers and school administrators. It aims to identify the main challenges to be faced by the Educational System, public policies and the actors of the educational community in the post-pandemic scenario. To this end, we will describe the findings obtained from the processing of data collected from the ENCP from secondary school teachers and managers, which will allow us to understand the role played by the adoption of technology in the reconfiguration and organization of educational processes, as well as to identify disruptions and continuities. At the same time, it is proposed to review what has happened in the accrediting instances in view of the results of the national educational evaluation operations Aprender 2022 and 2023. In this sense, the dimensions taken into account in the analysis were the following: communication with students and their families, training and competences of teachers in the use of ICTs, material conditions of teachers and students (technological devices and internet connection), accreditation evaluation and maintenance of the pedagogical link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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