9,967 results on '"Thomson, A. J."'
Search Results
52. History of Research Management in Australia and New Zealand
- Author
-
Hochman, Mark B. M., primary, Tambiah, Tania, additional, and Thomson, Campbell J., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Local Integrals of Motion in Quasiperiodic Many-Body Localized Systems
- Author
-
Thomson, S. J. and Schiró, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks - Abstract
Local integrals of motion play a central role in the understanding of many-body localization in many-body quantum systems in one dimension subject to a random external potential, but the question of how these local integrals of motion change in a deterministic quasiperiodic potential is one that has received significantly less attention. Here we develop a powerful new implementation of the continuous unitary transform formalism and use this method to directly compute both the effective Hamiltonian and the local integrals of motion for many-body quantum systems subject to a quasiperiodic potential. We show that the effective interactions between local integrals of motion retain a strong fingerprint of the underlying quasiperiodic potential, exhibiting sharp features at distances associated with the incommensurate wavelength used to generate the potential. Furthermore, the local integrals of motion themselves may be expressed in terms of an operator expansion which allows us to estimate the critical strength of quasiperiodic potential required to lead to a localization/delocalization transition, by means of a finite size scaling analysis., Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey Paper II: First Stokes I Source Catalogue Data Release
- Author
-
Hale, C. L., McConnell, D., Thomson, A. J. M., Lenc, E., Heald, G. H., Hotan, A. W., Leung, J. K., Moss, V. A., Murphy, T., Pritchard, J., Sadler, E. M., Stewart, A. J., and Whiting, M. T.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) is the first large sky survey using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), covering the sky south of +41$^\circ$ declination. With ASKAP's large, instantaneous field of view, $\sim 31$ deg$^2$, RACS observed the entire sky at a central frequency of 887.5 MHz using 903 individual pointings with 15 minute observations. This has resulted in the deepest radio survey of the full Southern sky to date at these frequencies. In this paper, we present the first Stokes I catalogue derived from the RACS survey. This catalogue was assembled from 799 tiles that could be convolved to a common resolution of 25$^{\prime\prime}$, covering a large contiguous region in the declination range $\delta=-$80$^\circ$ to +30$^\circ$. The catalogue provides an important tool for both the preparation of future ASKAP surveys and for scientific research. It consists of $\sim$2.1 million sources and excludes the $|b|<5^\circ$ region around the Galactic plane. This provides a first extragalactic catalogue with ASKAP covering the majority of the sky ($\delta<+30^\circ$). We describe the methods to obtain this catalogue from the initial RACS observations and discuss the verification of the data, to highlight its quality. Using simulations, we find this catalogue detects 95% of point sources at an integrated flux density of $\sim$5 mJy. Assuming a typical sky source distribution model, this suggests an overall 95% point source completeness at an integrated flux density $\sim$3 mJy. The catalogue will be available through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA)., Comment: Accepted for Publication in PASA; 29 pages, 20 figures, 6 tables
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Assessment of endpoint definitions in curative-intent trials for mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations
- Author
-
Lim, Annette M, McDowell, Lachlan, Hurt, Chris, Le Tourneau, Christophe, Homma, Akihiro, Shenouda, George, Thomson, David J, Moya-Plana, Antoine, Henson, Christina, Szturz, Petr, Day, Andrew T, Bates, James E, Lazarakis, Smaro, Thariat, Juliette, Psyrri, Amanda, Mehanna, Hisham, and Yom, Sue S
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Statin Use Among Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the TARGET-NASH Study
- Author
-
Thomson, Mary J, Serper, Marina, Khungar, Vandana, Weiss, L Michael, Trinh, Huy, Firpi-Morell, Roberto, Roden, Michael, Loomba, Rohit, Barritt, A Sidney, Gazis, Derek, Mospan, Andrea R, Fried, Michael W, Reddy, K Rajender, and Lok, Anna S
- Subjects
Cardiovascular ,Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis ,Liver Disease ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Hepatitis ,Digestive Diseases ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Liver Neoplasms ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Prevalence ,Clinical Sciences ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hydoxy-3-methyglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitors, statins, reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.1 Studies have shown that statins are safe among patients with liver disease, including those with compensated cirrhosis,2 and their use is associated with lower mortality, hepatic decompensation, and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma.3,4 Despite these data, statins are under prescribed among patients with liver disease due to concerns about hepatotoxicity.5 This study aimed to assess prevalence and patient factors associated with indicated statin use in patients with NAFLD in a real-world cohort.
- Published
- 2022
57. The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS): The brightest polarized region in the Southern sky at 75cm and its implications for Radio Loop II
- Author
-
Thomson, Alec J. M., Landecker, T. L., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Dickey, John M., Campbell, J. L., Carretti, Ettore, Clark, S. E., Federrath, Christoph, Gaensler, B. M., Han, J. L., Haverkorn, Marijke, Hill, Alex. S., Mao, S. A., Ordog, Anna, Pratley, Luke, Reich, Wolfgang, Van Eck, Cameron L., West, J. L., and Wolleben, M.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Using the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS) Low-Band South (LBS) southern sky polarization survey, covering 300 to 480 MHz at 81 arcmin resolution, we reveal the brightest region in the Southern polarized sky at these frequencies. The region, G150-50, covers nearly 20deg$^2$, near (l,b)~(150 deg,-50 deg). Using GMIMS-LBS and complementary data at higher frequencies (~0.6--30 GHz), we apply Faraday tomography and Stokes QU-fitting techniques. We find that the magnetic field associated with G150-50 is both coherent and primarily in the plane of the sky, and indications that the region is associated with Radio Loop II. The Faraday depth spectra across G150-50 are broad and contain a large-scale spatial gradient. We model the magnetic field in the region as an expanding shell, and we can reproduce both the observed Faraday rotation and the synchrotron emission in the GMIMS-LBS band. Using QU-fitting, we find that the Faraday spectra are produced by several Faraday dispersive sources along the line-of-sight. Alternatively, polarization horizon effects that we cannot model are adding complexity to the high-frequency polarized spectra. The magnetic field structure of Loop II dominates a large fraction of the sky, and studies of the large-scale polarized sky will need to account for this object. Studies of G150-50 with high angular resolution could mitigate polarization horizon effects, and clarify the nature of G150-50., Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey: A Faraday Depth Survey of the Northern Sky Covering 1280-1750 MHz
- Author
-
Wolleben, M., Landecker, T. L., Douglas, K. A., Gray, A. D., Ordog, A., Dickey, J. M., Hill, A. S., Carretti, E., Brown, J. C., Gaensler, B. M., Han, J. L., Haverkorn, M., Kothes, R., Leahy, J. P., McClure-Griffiths, N., McConnell, D., Reich, W., Taylor, A. R., Thomson, A. J. M., and West, J. L.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
The Galactic interstellar medium hosts a significant magnetic field, which can be probed through the synchrotron emission produced from its interaction with relativistic electrons. Linearly polarized synchrotron emission is generated throughout the Galaxy, and at longer wavelengths, modified along nearly every path by Faraday rotation in the intervening magneto-ionic medium. Full characterization of the polarized emission requires wideband observations with many frequency channels. We have surveyed polarized radio emission from the Northern sky over the the range 1280-1750 MHz, with channel width 236.8 kHz, using the John A. Galt Telescope (diameter 25.6 m) at the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, as part of the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey. The survey covered 72% of the sky, declinations -30 to +87 degrees at all right ascensions. The intensity scale was absolutely calibrated, based on the flux density and spectral index of Cygnus A. Polarization angle was calibrated using the extended polarized emission of the Fan Region. Data are presented as brightness temperatures with angular resolution 40'. Sensitivity in Stokes Q and U is 45 mK rms in a 1.18 MHz band. We have applied rotation measure synthesis to the data to obtain a Faraday depth cube of resolution 150 radians per square metre and sensitivity 3 mK rms of polarized intensity. Features in Faraday depth up to a width of 110 radians per square metre are represented. The maximum detectable Faraday depth is +/- 20,000 radians per square metre. The survey data are available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. Finding the phase diagram of strongly-correlated disordered bosons using quantum quenches
- Author
-
Villa, L., Thomson, S. J., and Sanchez-Palencia, L.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
The question of how the low-energy properties of disordered quantum systems may be connected to exotic localization phenomena at high energy is a key open question in the context of quantum glasses and many-body localization. In arXiv:2105.05774 we have shown that key features of the excitation spectrum of a disordered system can be efficiently probed from out-of-equilibrium dynamics following a quantum quench, providing distinctive signatures of the various phases. Here, we extend this work by providing a more in-depth study of the behavior of the quench spectral functions associated to different observables and investigating an extended parameter regime. We provide a detailed introduction to quench spectroscopy for disordered systems and show how spectral properties can be probed using both local operators and two-point correlation functions. We benchmark the technique using the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a random external potential, focusing on the low-lying excitations, and demonstrate that quench spectroscopy can distinguish the Mott insulator, superfluid, and Bose glass phases. We then explicitly reconstruct the zero-temperature phase diagram of the disordered Bose-Hubbard at fixed filling using two independent methods, both experimentally accessible via time-of-flight imaging and quantum gas microscopy respectively, and demonstrate that quench spectroscopy can give valuable insights as to the distribution of rare regions within disordered systems., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Quench Spectroscopy of a Disordered Quantum System
- Author
-
Villa, L., Thomson, S. J., and Sanchez-Palencia, L.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
The characterization of excitations in disordered quantum systems is a central issue in connection with glass physics and many-body localization. Here, we show that quench spectroscopy of a disordered model, as realized from its out-of-equilibrium dynamics following a global quench, allows us to fully characterize the spectral properties of the disordered phases. In the Bose-Hubbard model, a clear signature of gapless excitations in momentum-resolved spectroscopy enables us to accurately locate the Mott insulator to Bose glass transition, while the presence or absence of a well-defined soundlike mode distinguishes the superfluid from the Bose glass phase. Moreover, spatially-resolved spectroscopy provides local spectral properties and allows us to extract the typical spacing of gapless regions, giving a second independent way to uniquely identify all three phases. Our findings have far-ranging implications for a variety of experimental platforms, and offer a powerful and versatile probe of the low-energy phases of disordered systems., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures + Supplemental Material
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Non-volatile programmable silicon photonics using an ultralow loss Sb$_2$Se$_3$ phase change material
- Author
-
Delaney, Matthew, Zeimpekis, Ioannis, Du, Han, Yan, Xingzhao, Banakar, Mehdi, Thomson, David J., Hewak, Daniel W., and Muskens, Otto L.
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Adaptable, reconfigurable and programmable are key functionalities for the next generation of silicon-based photonic processors, neural and quantum networks. Phase change technology offers proven non-volatile electronic programmability, however the materials used to date have shown prohibitively high optical losses which are incompatible with integrated photonic platforms. Here, we demonstrate the capability of the previously unexplored material Sb$_2$Se$_3$ for ultralow-loss programmable silicon photonics. The favorable combination of large refractive index contrast and ultralow losses seen in Sb$_2$Se$_3$ facilitates an unprecedented optical phase control exceeding 10$\pi$ radians in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. To demonstrate full control over the flow of light, we introduce nanophotonic digital patterning as a conceptually new approach at a footprint orders of magnitude smaller than state of the art interferometer meshes. Our approach enables a wealth of possibilities in high-density reconfiguration of optical functionalities on silicon chip., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2021
62. The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey I: Design and First Results
- Author
-
McConnell, D., Hale, C. L., Lenc, E., Banfield, J. K., Heald, George, Hotan, A. W., Leung, James K., Moss, Vanessa A., Murphy, Tara, O'Brien, Andrew, Pritchard, Joshua, Raja, Wasim, Sadler, Elaine M., Stewart, Adam, Thomson, Alec J. M., Whiting, M., Allison, James R., Amy, S. W., Anderson, C., Ball, Lewis, Bannister, Keith W., Bell, Martin, Bock, Douglas C. -J., Bolton, Russ, Bunton, J. D., Chippendale, A. P., Collier, J. D., Cooray, F. R., Cornwell, T. J., Diamond, P. J., Edwards, P. G., Gupta, N., Hayman, Douglas B., Heywood, Ian, Jackson, C. A., Koribalski, Bärbel S., Lee-Waddell, Karen, McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Ng, Alan, Norris, Ray P., Phillips, Chris, Reynolds, John E., Roxby, Daniel N., Schinckel, Antony E. T., Shields, Matt, Tremblay, Chenoa, Tzioumis, A., Voronkov, M. A., and Westmeier, Tobias
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) is the first large-area survey to be conducted with the full 36-antenna Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. RACS will provide a shallow model of the ASKAP sky that will aid the calibration of future deep ASKAP surveys. RACS will cover the whole sky visible from the ASKAP site in Western Australia, and will cover the full ASKAP band of $700-1800$ MHz. The RACS images are generally deeper than the existing NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) and Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) radio surveys and have better spatial resolution. All RACS survey products will be public, including radio images (with $\sim 15$ arcsecond resolution) and catalogues of about three million source components with spectral index and polarisation information. In this paper, we present a description of the RACS survey and the first data release of 903 images covering the sky south of declination $+41^\circ$ made over a 288 MHz band centred at 887.5 MHz., Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables. For associated data see https://data.csiro.au/collections/domain/casdaObservation/results/PRAS110%20-%20The%20Rapid%20ASKAP%20Continuum
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Spreading of Correlations and Entanglement in the Long-Range Transverse Ising Chain
- Author
-
Schneider, J. T., Despres, J., Thomson, S. J., Tagliacozzo, L., and Sanchez-Palencia, L.
- Subjects
Quantum Physics ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Whether long-range interactions allow for a form of causality in non-relativistic quantum models remains an open question with far-reaching implications for the propagation of information and thermalization processes. Here, we study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional transverse Ising model with algebraic long-range exchange coupling. Using a state of the art tensor-network approach, complemented by analytic calculations and considering various observables, we show that a weak form of causality emerges, characterized by non-universal dynamical exponents. While the local spin and spin correlation causal edges are sub-ballistic, the causal region has a rich internal structure, which, depending on the observable, displays ballistic or super-ballistic features. In contrast, the causal region of entanglement entropy is featureless and its edge is always ballistic, irrespective of the interaction range. Our results shed light on the propagation of information in long-range interacting lattice models and pave the way to future experiments, which are discussed., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, and supplemental material
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. Taylor dispersion of elongated rods
- Author
-
Kumar, Ajay Harishankar, Thomson, Stuart J., Powers, Thomas R., and Harris, Daniel M.
- Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics - Abstract
Particles transported in fluid flows, such as cells, polymers, or nanorods, are rarely spherical. In this study, we numerically and theoretically investigate the dispersion of an initially localized patch of passive elongated Brownian particles constrained to one degree of rotational freedom in a two-dimensional Poiseuille flow, demonstrating that elongated particles exhibit an enhanced longitudinal dispersion. In a shear flow, the rods translate due to advection and diffusion and rotate due to rotational diffusion and their classical Jeffery's orbit. The magnitude of the enhanced dispersion depends on the particle's aspect ratio and the relative importance of its shear-induced rotational advection and rotational diffusivity. When rotational diffusion dominates, we recover the classical Taylor dispersion result for the longitudinal spreading rate using an orientationally averaged translational diffusivity for the rods. However, in the high-shear limit, the rods tend to align with the flow and ultimately disperse more due to their anisotropic diffusivities. Results from our Monte Carlo simulations of the particle dispersion are captured remarkably well by a simple theory inspired by Taylor's original work. For long times and large Peclet numbers, an effective one-dimensional transport equation is derived with integral expressions for the particles' longitudinal transport speed and dispersion coefficient. The enhanced dispersion coefficient can be collapsed along a single curve for particles of high aspect ratio, representing a simple correction factor that extends Taylor's original prediction to elongated particles., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. A discrete complex Ginzburg-Landau equation for a hydrodynamic active lattice
- Author
-
Thomson, Stuart J., Durey, Matthew, and Rosales, Rodolfo R.
- Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems - Abstract
A discrete and periodic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation, coupled to a discrete mean equation, is systematically derived from a driven and dissipative oscillator model, close to the onset of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The oscillator model is inspired by recent experiments exploring active vibrations of quasi-one-dimensional lattices of self-propelled millimetric droplets bouncing on a vertically vibrating fluid bath. Our systematic derivation provides a direct link between the constitutive properties of the lattice system and the coefficients of the resultant amplitude equations, paving the way to compare the emergent nonlinear dynamics---namely discrete bright and dark solitons, breathers, and traveling waves---against experiments. Further, the amplitude equations allow us to rationalize the successive bifurcations leading to these distinct dynamical states. The framework presented herein is expected to be applicable to a wider class of oscillators characterized by the presence of a dynamic coupling potential between particles. More broadly, our results point to deeper connections between nonlinear oscillators and the physics of active and driven matter., Comment: 38 pages (1.5 spacing), 6 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Deep learning enabled design of complex transmission matrices for universal optical components
- Author
-
Dinsdale, Nicholas J., Wiecha, Peter R., Delaney, Matthew, Reynolds, Jamie, Ebert, Martin, Zeimpekis, Ioannis, Thomson, David J., Reed, Graham T., Lalanne, Philippe, Vynck, Kevin, and Muskens, Otto L.
- Subjects
Physics - Optics ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Computational Physics - Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in photonics-based quantum, neuromorphic and analogue processing have pointed out the need for new schemes for fully programmable nanophotonic devices. Universal optical elements based on interferometer meshes are underpinning many of these new technologies, however this is achieved at the cost of an overall footprint that is very large compared to the limited chip real estate, restricting the scalability of this approach. Here, we consider an ultracompact platform for low-loss programmable elements using the complex transmission matrix of a multi-port multimode waveguide. We propose a deep learning inverse network approach to design arbitrary transmission matrices using patterns of weakly scattering perturbations. The demonstrated technique allows control over both the intensity and phase in a multiport device at a four orders reduced device footprint compared to conventional technologies, thus opening the door for large-scale integrated universal networks., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures + supporting information pdf
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Flow Equations for Disordered Floquet Systems
- Author
-
Thomson, S. J., Magano, D., and Schiró, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
In this work, we present a new approach to disordered, periodically driven (Floquet) quantum many-body systems based on flow equations. Specifically, we introduce a continuous unitary flow of Floquet operators in an extended Hilbert space, whose fixed point is both diagonal and time-independent, allowing us to directly obtain the Floquet modes. We first apply this method to a periodically driven Anderson insulator, for which it is exact, and then extend it to driven many-body localized systems within a truncated flow equation ansatz. In particular we compute the emergent Floquet local integrals of motion that characterise a periodically driven many-body localized phase. We demonstrate that the method remains well-controlled in the weakly-interacting regime, and allows us to access larger system sizes than accessible by numerically exact methods, paving the way for studies of two-dimensional driven many-body systems., Comment: 40 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Maximizing the value of Solar System data through Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructures
- Author
-
Radebaugh, Jani, Thomson, Bradley J., Archinal, Brent, Beyer, Ross, DellaGiustina, Dani, Fassett, Caleb, Gaddis, Lisa, Goossens, Sander, Hare, Trent, Laura, Jay, Mouginis-Mark, Pete, Naß, Andrea, Patthoff, Alex, Stopar, Julie, Sutton, Sarah, Williams, David, Hagerty, Justin, and Prockter, Louise
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Planetary spatial data returned by spacecraft, including images and higher-order products such as mosaics, controlled basemaps, and digital elevation models (DEMs), are of critical importance to NASA, its commercial partners and other space agencies. Planetary spatial data are an essential component of basic scientific research and sustained planetary exploration and operations. The Planetary Data System (PDS) is performing the essential job of archiving and serving these data, mostly in raw or calibrated form, with less support for higher-order, more ready-to-use products. However, many planetary spatial data remain not readily accessible to and/or usable by the general science user because particular skills and tools are necessary to process and interpret them from the raw initial state. There is a critical need for planetary spatial data to be more accessible and usable to researchers and stakeholders. A Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructure (PSDI) is a collection of data, tools, standards, policies, and the people that use and engage with them. A PSDI comprises an overarching support system for planetary spatial data. PSDIs (1) establish effective plans for data acquisition; (2) create and make available higher-order products; and (3) consider long-term planning for correct data acquisition, processing and serving (including funding). We recommend that Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructures be created for all bodies and key regions in the Solar System. NASA, with guidance from the planetary science community, should follow established data format standards to build foundational and framework products and use those to build and apply PDSIs to all bodies. Establishment of PSDIs is critical in the coming decade for several locations under active or imminent exploration, and for all others for future planning and current scientific analysis., Comment: 8 pages, 0 figures. White paper submitted to the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032
- Published
- 2020
69. A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform
- Author
-
Rogers, Christopher, Piggott, Alexander Y., Thomson, David J., Wiser, Robert F., Opris, Ion E., Fortune, Steven A., Compston, Andrew J., Gondarenko, Alexander, Meng, Fanfan, Chen, Xia, Reed, Graham T., and Nicolaescu, Remus
- Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Accurate 3D imaging is essential for machines to map and interact with the physical world. While numerous 3D imaging technologies exist, each addressing niche applications with varying degrees of success, none have achieved the breadth of applicability and impact that digital image sensors have achieved in the 2D imaging world. A large-scale two-dimensional array of coherent detector pixels operating as a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system could serve as a universal 3D imaging platform. Such a system would offer high depth accuracy and immunity to interference from sunlight, as well as the ability to directly measure the velocity of moving objects. However, due to difficulties in providing electrical and photonic connections to every pixel, previous systems have been restricted to fewer than 20 pixels. Here, we demonstrate the first large-scale coherent detector array consisting of 512 ($32 \times 16$) pixels, and its operation in a 3D imaging system. Leveraging recent advances in the monolithic integration of photonic and electronic circuits, a dense array of optical heterodyne detectors is combined with an integrated electronic readout architecture, enabling straightforward scaling to arbitrarily large arrays. Meanwhile, two-axis solid-state beam steering eliminates any tradeoff between field of view and range. Operating at the quantum noise limit, our system achieves an accuracy of $3.1~\mathrm{mm}$ at a distance of 75 metres using only $4~\mathrm{mW}$ of light, an order of magnitude more accurate than existing solid-state systems at such ranges. Future reductions of pixel size using state-of-the-art components could yield resolutions in excess of 20 megapixels for arrays the size of a consumer camera sensor. This result paves the way for the development and proliferation of low cost, compact, and high performance 3D imaging cameras., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Local quench spectroscopy of many-body quantum systems
- Author
-
Villa, L., Despres, J., Thomson, S. J., and Sanchez-Palencia, L.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
Quench spectroscopy is a relatively new method which enables the investigation of spectral properties of many-body quantum systems by monitoring the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of real-space observables after a quench. So far the approach has been devised for global quenches or using local engineering of momentum-resolved excitations. Here, we extend the quench spectroscopy method to local quenches. We show that it allows us to extract quantitative information about global properties of the system, and in particular the elementary excitation spectrum. Using state-of-the-art numerical methods, we simulate the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a variety of quantum systems following various local quench protocols and demonstrate a general scheme for designing an appropriate local quench protocol for any chosen model. We provide detailed examples of how the local quench protocol can be realised in realistic current generation experiments, including ultracold atomic gases and trapped ion systems., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Quasi-Many-Body Localization of Interacting Fermions with Long-Range Couplings
- Author
-
Thomson, S. J. and Schiró, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
A number of experimental platforms for quantum simulations of disordered quantum matter, from dipolar systems to trapped ions, involve degrees of freedom which are coupled by power-law decaying hoppings or interactions, yet the interplay of disorder and interactions in these systems is far less understood than in their short-ranged counterpart. Here we consider a prototype model of interacting fermions with disordered long-ranged hoppings and interactions, and use the flow equation approach to map out its dynamical phase diagram as a function of hopping and interaction exponents. We demonstrate that the flow equation technique is ideally suited to problems involving long-range couplings due to its ability to accurately simulate very large system sizes. We show that, at large on-site disorder and for short-range interactions, a transition from a delocalized phase to a quasi many-body localized (MBL) phase exists as the hopping range is decreased. This quasi-MBL phase is characterized by intriguing properties such as a set of emergent conserved quantities which decay algebraically with distance. Surprisingly we find that a crossover between delocalized and quasi-MBL phases survives even in the presence of long-range interactions., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. 3-D Printed Swimming Microtori for Cargo Transport and Flow Manipulation
- Author
-
Baker, Remmi, Montenegro-Johnson, Thomas, Sediako, Anton D., Thomson, Murray J., Sen, Ayusman, Lauga, Eric, and Aranson, Igor. S.
- Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,76-05, 76D07 - Abstract
Through billions of years of evolution, microorganisms mastered unique swimming behaviors to thrive in complex fluid environments. Limitations in nanofabrication have thus far hindered the ability to design and program synthetic swimmers with the same abilities. Here we encode multi-behavioral responses in artificial swimmers such as microscopic, self-propelled tori using nanoscale 3D printing. We show experimentally and theoretically that the tori continuously transition between two primary swimming modes in response to a magnetic field. The tori also manipulate and transport other artificial swimmers, bimetallic nanorods, as well as passive colloidal particles. In the first behavioral mode, the tori accumulate and transport nanorods; in the second mode, nanorods align along the tori's self-generated streamlines. Our results indicate that such shape-programmed microswimmers have the potential to manipulate biological active matter, e.g. bacteria or cells.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Collective vibrations of a hydrodynamic active lattice
- Author
-
Thomson, Stuart J., Durey, Matthew, and Rosales, Rodolfo R.
- Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems - Abstract
Recent experiments show that quasi-one-dimensional lattices of self-propelled droplets exhibit collective instabilities in the form of out-of-phase oscillations and solitary-like waves. This hydrodynamic lattice is driven by the external forcing of a vertically vibrating fluid bath, which invokes a field of subcritical Faraday waves on the bath surface, mediating the spatio-temporal droplet coupling.By modelling the droplet lattice as a memory-endowed system with spatially nonlocal coupling, we herein rationalise the form and onset of instability in this new class of dynamical oscillator. We identify the memory-driven instability of the lattice as a function of the number of droplets, and determine equispaced lattice configurations precluded by geometrical constraints. Each memory-driven instability is then classified as either a super- or sub-critical Hopf bifurcation \emph{via} a systematic weakly nonlinear analysis, rationalising experimental observations. We further discover a previously unreported symmetry-breaking instability, manifest as an oscillatory-rotary motion of the lattice. Numerical simulations support our findings and prompt further investigations of this nonlinear dynamical system., Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
74. CBD hydroxyquinone photo-isomerises to a highly reactive intermediate
- Author
-
Thomson, Brodie. J., Hanna, Summer, Schwarzenberg, Adrian, Kiani, Pirouz, Bizzotto, Dan, Kennepohl, Pierre, Davies, Ashley, Roggen, Markus, and Sammis, Glenn M.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. Bidirectional wave-propelled capillary spinners
- Author
-
Barotta, Jack-William, Thomson, Stuart J., Alventosa, Luke F. L., Lewis, Maya, and Harris, Daniel M.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
76. Journalism Employability in the Modern Newsroom: Insights from Applicant Resumes and Cover Letters
- Author
-
Thomson, T. J. and Sternberg, Jason
- Abstract
What skills, attributes, and experiences are needed for a visual journalism job in a contemporary print and digital newsroom? Previous attempts at answering this question examine it through insights from hiring managers or news editors, often collected retrospectively or at arbitrary times of the year through surveys; analyses of position descriptions, which are often framed in normative terms; or through analyzing journalism curricula, which perpetually struggle to adapt nimbly to evolving industry demands. This signaling theory study adopts a novel approach by examining, through qualitative thematic analysis, all applicants' resumes and cover letters submitted by candidates for a visual journalism job posted in 2019. The hiring organization sought a candidate who could not only tell newsworthy stories through images but also one who could "write their own stories," "have strong organizational skills," and be "knowledgeable about current digital technology and applications for smartphone photography." The results provide insight into the types of applicants who apply to such a position; the skills, attributes, and experiences employers regard as worthy of shortlisting; and the strategies candidates adopted in addressing the position description and selection criteria.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
77. Neurocognitive function following (chemo)radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer and other head and neck cancers: A systematic review
- Author
-
Iyizoba-Ebozue, Zsuzsanna, Prestwich, Robin, Brown, Sarah, Hall, Emma, Lilley, John, Lowe, Matthew, Thomson, David J, Slevin, Finbar, Boele, Florien, and Murray, Louise
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. A community resource for paired genomic and metabolomic data mining
- Author
-
Schorn, Michelle A, Verhoeven, Stefan, Ridder, Lars, Huber, Florian, Acharya, Deepa D, Aksenov, Alexander A, Aleti, Gajender, Moghaddam, Jamshid Amiri, Aron, Allegra T, Aziz, Saefuddin, Bauermeister, Anelize, Bauman, Katherine D, Baunach, Martin, Beemelmanns, Christine, Beman, J Michael, Berlanga-Clavero, María Victoria, Blacutt, Alex A, Bode, Helge B, Boullie, Anne, Brejnrod, Asker, Bugni, Tim S, Calteau, Alexandra, Cao, Liu, Carrión, Víctor J, Castelo-Branco, Raquel, Chanana, Shaurya, Chase, Alexander B, Chevrette, Marc G, Costa-Lotufo, Leticia V, Crawford, Jason M, Currie, Cameron R, Cuypers, Bart, Dang, Tam, de Rond, Tristan, Demko, Alyssa M, Dittmann, Elke, Du, Chao, Drozd, Christopher, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, Dutton, Rachel J, Edlund, Anna, Fewer, David P, Garg, Neha, Gauglitz, Julia M, Gentry, Emily C, Gerwick, Lena, Glukhov, Evgenia, Gross, Harald, Gugger, Muriel, Guillén Matus, Dulce G, Helfrich, Eric JN, Hempel, Benjamin-Florian, Hur, Jae-Seoun, Iorio, Marianna, Jensen, Paul R, Kang, Kyo Bin, Kaysser, Leonard, Kelleher, Neil L, Kim, Chung Sub, Kim, Ki Hyun, Koester, Irina, König, Gabriele M, Leao, Tiago, Lee, Seoung Rak, Lee, Yi-Yuan, Li, Xuanji, Little, Jessica C, Maloney, Katherine N, Männle, Daniel, Martin H., Christian, McAvoy, Andrew C, Metcalf, Willam W, Mohimani, Hosein, Molina-Santiago, Carlos, Moore, Bradley S, Mullowney, Michael W, Muskat, Mitchell, Nothias, Louis-Félix, O’Neill, Ellis C, Parkinson, Elizabeth I, Petras, Daniel, Piel, Jörn, Pierce, Emily C, Pires, Karine, Reher, Raphael, Romero, Diego, Roper, M Caroline, Rust, Michael, Saad, Hamada, Saenz, Carmen, Sanchez, Laura M, Sørensen, Søren Johannes, Sosio, Margherita, Süssmuth, Roderich D, Sweeney, Douglas, Tahlan, Kapil, Thomson, Regan J, Tobias, Nicholas J, Trindade-Silva, Amaro E, and van Wezel, Gilles P
- Subjects
Human Genome ,Genetics ,Biotechnology ,Generic health relevance ,Data Mining ,Databases ,Factual ,Genomics ,Metabolomics ,Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry ,Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology - Abstract
Genomics and metabolomics are widely used to explore specialized metabolite diversity. The Paired Omics Data Platform is a community initiative to systematically document links between metabolome and (meta)genome data, aiding identification of natural product biosynthetic origins and metabolite structures.
- Published
- 2021
79. Harnessing plasma absorption in silicon MOS ring modulators
- Author
-
Zhang, Weiwei, Ebert, Martin, Li, Ke, Chen, Bigeng, Yan, Xingzhao, Du, Han, Banakar, Mehdi, Tran, Dehn T., Littlejohns, Callum G., Scofield, Adam, Yu, Guomin, Shafiiha, Roshanak, Zilkie, Aaron, Reed, Graham, and Thomson, David J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
80. Collective vibrations of confined levitating droplets
- Author
-
Thomson, Stuart J., Couchman, Miles M. P., and Bush, John W. M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons - Abstract
We report a new type of fluid-based driven dissipative oscillator system consisting of a lattice of millimetric fluid droplets bouncing on a vertically vibrating liquid bath and bound within an annular ring. We characterize the system behavior as it is energized through a progressive increase in the bath's vibrational acceleration. Depending on the number of drops, the onset of motion of the lattice may take the form of either out-of-phase oscillations or a striking solitary wave-like instability. Theoretical modeling demonstrates that these behaviors may be attributed to different bifurcations at the onset of instability. The results presented here demonstrate the potential and utility of the walking droplet system as a platform for investigating wave-mediated, inertial, non-equilibrium particle dynamics at the macroscale., Comment: 15 pages (incl. references) and 4 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
81. The intersection between cysteine proteases, Ca2+ signalling and cancer cell apoptosis
- Author
-
Hua, Trinh, Robitaille, Mélanie, Roberts-Thomson, Sarah J., and Monteith, Gregory R.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
82. Characterization of soot emissions formed in a compression ignition engine cofired by ammonia and diesel
- Author
-
Zaher, Mohammed H., Yousefi, Amin, Dadsetan, Mehran, Liko, Brian, Lafrance, Simon, Guo, Hongsheng, and Thomson, Murray J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
83. Carbon film produced from microwave-driven methane pyrolysis
- Author
-
Dadsetan, Mehran, Latham, Kenneth G., Kumral, Boran, Khan, Mohammad Fawaz, Scott, Mia, Mitra, Tirthankar, Naseri, Ali, Manzoor, Sama, Bobicki, Erin R., Filleter, Tobin, Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena, and Thomson, Murray J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
84. Characterization of carbon products from microwave-driven methane pyrolysis
- Author
-
Dadsetan, Mehran, Latham, Kenneth G., Khan, Mohammad Fawaz, Zaher, Mohammed H., Manzoor, Sama, Bobicki, Erin R., Titirici, Maria‐Magdalena, and Thomson, Murray J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
85. Dynamics of Disordered Quantum Systems Using Flow Equations
- Author
-
Thomson, S. J. and Schiró, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
In this manuscript, we show how flow equation methods can be used to study localisation in disordered quantum systems, and particularly how to use this approach to obtain the non-equilibrium dynamical evolution of observables. We review the formalism, based on continuous unitary transforms, and apply it to a non-interacting yet non trivial one dimensional disordered quantum systems, the power-law random banded matrix model whose dynamics is studied across the localisation-delocalisation transition. We show how this method can be used to compute quench dynamics of simple observables, demonstrate how this formalism provides a natural framework to understand operator spreading and show how to construct complex objects such as correlation functions. We end with an outlook of unsolved problems and ways in which the method can be further developed in the future. Our goal is to motivate further adoption of the flow equation method, and to equip and encourage others to build on this technique as a means to study localisation phenomena in disordered quantum systems., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; updated with extended discussion of interacting systems
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey: Polarimetry of the Southern Sky from 300 to 480 MHz
- Author
-
Wolleben, M., Landecker, T. L., Carretti, E., Dickey, J. M., Fletcher, A., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., McConnell, D., Thomson, A. J. M., Hill, A. S., Gaensler, B. M., Han, J. -L., Haverkorn, M., Leahy, J. P., Reich, W., and Taylor, A. R.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Much data on the Galactic polarized radio emission has been gathered in the last five decades. All-sky surveys have been made, but only in narrow, widely spaced frequency bands, and the data are inadequate for the characterization of Faraday rotation, the main determinant of the appearance of the polarized radio sky at decimetre wavelengths. We describe a survey of the polarized radio emission from the Southern sky, aiming to characterize the magneto-ionic medium, particularly the strength and configuration of the magnetic field. This work is part of the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS). We have designed and built a feed and receiver covering the band 300 to 900 MHz for the CSIRO Parkes 64-m Telescope. We have surveyed the entire sky between declinations -90 and +20 degrees. We present data covering 300 to 480 MHz with angular resolution 81' to 45'. The survey intensity scale is absolutely calibrated, based on measurements of resistors at known temperatures and on an assumed flux density and spectral index for Taurus A. Data are presented as brightness temperatures. We have applied Rotation Measure Synthesis to the data to obtain a Faraday depth cube of resolution 5.9 radians per metre squared, sensitivity of 60 mK of polarized intensity, and angular resolution 1.35 degrees. The data presented in this paper are available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal Modified 29th June 2019 to replace outdated doi: for access to data
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Through thick or thin: Multiple components of the magneto-ionic medium towards the nearby ${\rm H\,{\small II}}$ region Sharpless 2-27 revealed by Faraday tomography
- Author
-
Thomson, Alec J. M., Landecker, T. L., Dickey, John M., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Wolleben, M., Carretti, E., Fletcher, A., Federrath, Christoph, Hill, A. S., Mao, S. A., Gaensler, B. M., Haverkorn, 1 M., Clark, S. E., Van Eck, C. L., and West, J. L.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
Sharpless 2-27 (Sh2-27) is a nearby ${\rm H\,{\small II}}$ region excited by $\zeta$Oph. We present observations of polarized radio emission from 300 to 480$\,$MHz towards Sh2-27, made with the Parkes 64$\,$m Radio Telescope as part of the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey. These observations have an angular resolution of $1.35^{\circ}$, and the data are uniquely sensitive to magneto-ionic structure on large angular scales. We demonstrate that background polarized emission towards Sh2-27 is totally depolarized in our observations, allowing us to investigate the foreground. We analyse the results of Faraday tomography, mapping the magnetised interstellar medium along the 165$\,$pc path to Sh2-27. The Faraday dispersion function in this direction has peaks at three Faraday depths. We consider both Faraday thick and thin models for this observation, finding that the thin model is preferred. We further model this as Faraday rotation of diffuse synchrotron emission in the Local Bubble and in two foreground neutral clouds. The Local Bubble extends for 80$\,$pc in this direction, and we find a Faraday depth of $-0.8 \pm 0.4\,$rad$\,$m$^{-2}$. This indicates a field directed away from the Sun with a strength of $-2.5\pm1.2\,\mu$G. The near and far neutral clouds are each about 30$\,$pc thick, and we find Faraday depths of $-6.6\pm0.6\,$rad$\,$m$^{-2}$ and $+13.7\pm0.8\,$rad$\,$m$^{-2}$, respectively. We estimate that the line-of-sight magnetic strengths in the near and far cloud are $B_{\parallel, \text{near}} \approx -15\,\mu\text{G}$ and $B_{\parallel, \text{far}} \approx +30\,\mu\text{G}$. Our results demonstrate that Faraday tomography can be used to investigate the magneto-ionic properties of foreground features in front of nearby ${\rm H\,{\small II}}$ regions., Comment: 14+4 pages, 10+6 figures, 2 tables. In press with MNRAS
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Quantum quenches in isolated quantum glasses out of equilibrium
- Author
-
Thomson, S. J., Urbani, P., and Schiro, M.
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
In this work, we address the question of how a closed quantum system thermalises in the presence of a random external potential. By investigating the quench dynamics of the isolated quantum spherical $p$-spin model, a paradigmatic model of a mean-field glass, we aim to shed new light on this complex problem. Employing a closed-time Schwinger-Keldysh path integral formalism, we first initialise the system in a random, infinite-temperature configuration and allow it to equilibrate in contact with a thermal bath before switching off the bath and performing a quench. We find evidence that increasing the strength of either the interactions or the quantum fluctuations can act to lower the effective temperature of the isolated system and stabilise glassy behaviour., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures + Supplementary Material
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. Cerebral small vessel disease genomics and its implications across the lifespan.
- Author
-
Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Suzuki, Hideaki, Jian, Xueqiu, Sarnowski, Chloé, Evans, Tavia E, Bis, Joshua C, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Sakaue, Saori, Terzikhan, Natalie, Habes, Mohamad, Zhao, Wei, Armstrong, Nicola J, Hofer, Edith, Yanek, Lisa R, Hagenaars, Saskia P, Kumar, Rajan B, van den Akker, Erik B, McWhirter, Rebekah E, Trompet, Stella, Mishra, Aniket, Saba, Yasaman, Satizabal, Claudia L, Beaudet, Gregory, Petit, Laurent, Tsuchida, Ami, Zago, Laure, Schilling, Sabrina, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Gottesman, Rebecca F, Lewis, Cora E, Aggarwal, Neelum T, Lopez, Oscar L, Smith, Jennifer A, Valdés Hernández, Maria C, van der Grond, Jeroen, Wright, Margaret J, Knol, Maria J, Dörr, Marcus, Thomson, Russell J, Bordes, Constance, Le Grand, Quentin, Duperron, Marie-Gabrielle, Smith, Albert V, Knopman, David S, Schreiner, Pamela J, Evans, Denis A, Rotter, Jerome I, Beiser, Alexa S, Maniega, Susana Muñoz, Beekman, Marian, Trollor, Julian, Stott, David J, Vernooij, Meike W, Wittfeld, Katharina, Niessen, Wiro J, Soumaré, Aicha, Boerwinkle, Eric, Sidney, Stephen, Turner, Stephen T, Davies, Gail, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Völker, Uwe, van Buchem, Mark A, Bryan, R Nick, Dupuis, Josée, Bastin, Mark E, Ames, David, Teumer, Alexander, Amouyel, Philippe, Kwok, John B, Bülow, Robin, Deary, Ian J, Schofield, Peter R, Brodaty, Henry, Jiang, Jiyang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Setoh, Kazuya, Miyamoto, Susumu, Yoshida, Kazumichi, Nagata, Manabu, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Psaty, Bruce M, Bennett, David A, De Jager, Philip L, Mosley, Thomas H, Sachdev, Perminder S, Schmidt, Reinhold, Warren, Helen R, Evangelou, Evangelos, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, International Network against Thrombosis (INVENT) Consortium, International Headache Genomics Consortium (IHGC), Ikram, Mohammad A, Wen, Wei, DeCarli, Charles, Srikanth, Velandai K, Jukema, J Wouter, Slagboom, Eline P, and Kardia, Sharon LR
- Subjects
International Network against Thrombosis (INVENT) Consortium ,International Headache Genomics Consortium ,Humans ,Alzheimer Disease ,Hypertension ,Medical History Taking ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Stroke ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Young Adult ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Genetic Loci ,Mendelian Randomization Analysis ,Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases ,White Matter ,and over - Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are the most common brain-imaging feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), hypertension being the main known risk factor. Here, we identify 27 genome-wide loci for WMH-volume in a cohort of 50,970 older individuals, accounting for modification/confounding by hypertension. Aggregated WMH risk variants were associated with altered white matter integrity (p = 2.5×10-7) in brain images from 1,738 young healthy adults, providing insight into the lifetime impact of SVD genetic risk. Mendelian randomization suggested causal association of increasing WMH-volume with stroke, Alzheimer-type dementia, and of increasing blood pressure (BP) with larger WMH-volume, notably also in persons without clinical hypertension. Transcriptome-wide colocalization analyses showed association of WMH-volume with expression of 39 genes, of which four encode known drug targets. Finally, we provide insight into BP-independent biological pathways underlying SVD and suggest potential for genetic stratification of high-risk individuals and for genetically-informed prioritization of drug targets for prevention trials.
- Published
- 2020
90. Radiation Fractionation Schedules Published During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Quality of Evidence and Recommendations for Future Development
- Author
-
Thomson, David J, Yom, Sue S, Saeed, Hina, El Naqa, Issam, Ballas, Leslie, Bentzen, Soren M, Chao, Samuel T, Choudhury, Ananya, Coles, Charlotte E, Dover, Laura, Guadagnolo, B Ashleigh, Guckenberger, Matthias, Hoskin, Peter, Jabbour, Salma K, Katz, Matthew S, Mukherjee, Somnath, Rembielak, Agata, Sebag-Montefiore, David, Sher, David J, Terezakis, Stephanie A, Thomas, Toms V, Vogel, Jennifer, and Estes, Christopher
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Mind and Body ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus Infections ,Dose Fractionation ,Radiation ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Publications ,Other Physical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis ,Theoretical and computational chemistry ,Medical and biological physics - Abstract
PurposeNumerous publications during the COVID-19 pandemic recommended the use of hypofractionated radiation therapy. This project assessed aggregate changes in the quality of the evidence supporting these schedules to establish a comprehensive evidence base for future reference and highlight aspects for future study.Methods and materialsBased on a systematic review of published recommendations related to dose fractionation during the COVID-19 pandemic, 20 expert panelists assigned to 14 disease groups named and graded the highest quality of evidence schedule(s) used routinely for each condition and also graded all COVID-era recommended schedules. The American Society for Radiation Oncology quality of evidence criteria were used to rank the schedules. Process-related statistics and changes in distributions of quality ratings of the highest-rated versus recommended COVID-19 era schedules were described by disease groups and for specific clinical scenarios.ResultsFrom January to May 2020 there were 54 relevant publications, including 233 recommended COVID-19-adapted dose fractionations. For site-specific curative and site-specific palliative schedules, there was a significant shift from established higher-quality evidence to lower-quality evidence and expert opinions for the recommended schedules (P = .022 and P < .001, respectively). For curative-intent schedules, the distribution of quality scores was essentially reversed (highest levels of evidence "pre-COVID" vs "in-COVID": high quality, 51.4% vs 4.8%; expert opinion, 5.6% vs 49.3%), although there was variation in the magnitude of shifts between disease sites and among specific indications.ConclusionsA large number of publications recommended hypofractionated radiation therapy schedules across numerous major disease sites during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were supported by a lower quality of evidence than the highest-quality routinely used dose fractionation schedules. This work provides an evidence-based assessment of these potentially practice-changing recommendations and informs individualized decision-making and counseling of patients. These data could also be used to support radiation therapy practices in the event of second waves or surges of the pandemic in new regions of the world.
- Published
- 2020
91. Practice recommendations for risk-adapted head and neck cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO consensus statement
- Author
-
Thomson, David J, Palma, David, Guckenberger, Matthias, Balermpas, Panagiotis, Beitler, Jonathan J, Blanchard, Pierre, Brizel, David, Budach, Wilfred, Caudell, Jimmy, Corry, June, Corvo, Renzo, Evans, Mererid, Garden, Adam S, Giralt, Jordi, Gregoire, Vincent, Harari, Paul M, Harrington, Kevin, Hitchcock, Ying J, Johansen, Jorgen, Kaanders, Johannes, Koyfman, Shlomo, Langendijk, JA, Le, Quynh-Thu, Lee, Nancy, Margalit, Danielle, Mierzwa, Michelle, Porceddu, Sandro, Soong, Yoke Lim, Sun, Ying, Thariat, Juliette, Waldron, John, and Yom, Sue S
- Subjects
Medical and Biological Physics ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Other Physical Sciences ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Clinical sciences ,Oncology and carcinogenesis ,Medical and biological physics - Abstract
PurposeBecause of the unprecedented disruption of health care services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) identified an urgent need to issue practice recommendations for radiation oncologists treating head and neck cancer (HNC) in a time of limited resources and heightened risk for patients and staff.Methods and materialsA panel of international experts from ASTRO, ESTRO, and select Asia-Pacific countries completed a modified rapid Delphi process. Topics and questions were presented to the group, and subsequent questions were developed from iterative feedback. Each survey was open online for 24 hours, and successive rounds started within 24 hours of the previous round. The chosen cutoffs for strong agreement (≥80%) and agreement (≥66%) were extrapolated from the RAND methodology. Two pandemic scenarios, early (risk mitigation) and late (severely reduced radiation therapy resources), were evaluated. The panel developed treatment recommendations for 5 HNC cases.ResultsIn total, 29 of 31 of those invited (94%) accepted, and after a replacement 30 of 30 completed all 3 surveys (100% response rate). There was agreement or strong agreement across a number of practice areas, including treatment prioritization, whether to delay initiation or interrupt radiation therapy for intercurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection, approaches to treatment (radiation dose-fractionation schedules and use of chemotherapy in each pandemic scenario), management of surgical cases in event of operating room closures, and recommended adjustments to outpatient clinic appointments and supportive care.ConclusionsThis urgent practice recommendation was issued in the knowledge of the very difficult circumstances in which our patients find themselves at present, navigating strained health care systems functioning with limited resources and at heightened risk to their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this consensus statement is to ensure high-quality HNC treatments continue, to save lives and for symptomatic benefit.
- Published
- 2020
92. Climate and growing season variability impacted the intensity and distribution of Fremont maize farmers during and after the Medieval Climate Anomaly based on a statistically downscaled climate model
- Author
-
Thomson, Marcus J and MacDonald, Glen M
- Subjects
Fremont ,Zea mays ,climate ,growing degree days ,temperature variability - Abstract
The rise and decline of many complex, pre-European maize-farming cultures in the American Southwest coincides with the warm, climatically quiescent Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, ca. 850-1350 CE) and transition to the cool, hydrologically variable Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1350-1850 CE). The effects of drought on early subsistence agriculture in the Southwest is well studied, but the impact of temperature stress and variability on the growth of maize crops and which areas were most resilient to such stress remain open questions. We statistically downscaled outputs from a paleo-climate model experiment (CESM1 LME) to map changes to cumulative growing degree days for maize (GDD, 30/10°C) and precipitation over Utah between 850 and 1449 CE, and downscaled GDD changes to local Fremont Culture archaeological site occupations from radiocarbon-dated contexts mapped as spatially discrete kernel density estimates of summed probability distributions (SPDs). We then analyzed correspondences between Fremont SPDs and GDD/precipitation between 850 and 1449 CE. In general, we found (1) high Fremont occupation intensity coincident with GDD that is less volatile than the long term average, and low occupation intensity coincident with, or following, periods of volatile GDD; (2) intensified occupation of high-elevation sites during the MCA, followed by a retreat to lower elevation sites coincident with a sudden rise in annual temperature volatility and increasing drought conditions; and (3) these occupation changes occurred in spite of the greater temperatures and variability in GDD at low-elevation sites. We found evidence that increased inter-annual variability of growing seasons prior to the onset of the LIA, was likely a determinant of Fremont subsistence strategy decision making, and high-elevation site occupation. The most resilient Fremont occupations in the face of these challenges were sited where growing season lengths were least variable.
- Published
- 2020
93. Recommendations for head and neck surgical oncology practice in a setting of acute severe resource constraint during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international consensus
- Author
-
Mehanna, Hisham, Hardman, John C, Shenson, Jared A, Abou-Foul, Ahmad K, Topf, Michael C, AlFalasi, Mohammad, Chan, Jason YK, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chow, Velda Ling Yu, Dietz, Andreas, Fagan, Johannes J, Godballe, Christian, Golusiński, Wojciech, Homma, Akihiro, Hosal, Sefik, Iyer, N Gopalakrishna, Kerawala, Cyrus, Koh, Yoon Woo, Konney, Anna, Kowalski, Luiz P, Kraus, Dennis, Kuriakose, Moni A, Kyrodimos, Efthymios, Lai, Stephen Y, Leemans, C Rene, Lennon, Paul, Licitra, Lisa, Lou, Pei-Jen, Lyons, Bernard, Mirghani, Haitham, Nichols, Anthonny C, Paleri, Vinidh, Panizza, Benedict J, Parente Arias, Pablo, Patel, Mihir R, Piazza, Cesare, Rischin, Danny, Sanabria, Alvaro, Takes, Robert P, Thomson, David J, Uppaluri, Ravindra, Wang, Yu, Yom, Sue S, Zhu, Yi-Ming, Porceddu, Sandro V, de Almeida, John R, Simon, Chrisian, and Holsinger, F Christopher
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Clinical Research ,Patient Safety ,7.3 Management and decision making ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Consensus ,Coronavirus Infections ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Health Care Rationing ,Humans ,International Cooperation ,Occupational Health ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Surgical Oncology ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
The speed and scale of the global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented pressures on health services worldwide, requiring new methods of service delivery during the health crisis. In the setting of severe resource constraint and high risk of infection to patients and clinicians, there is an urgent need to identify consensus statements on head and neck surgical oncology practice. We completed a modified Delphi consensus process of three rounds with 40 international experts in head and neck cancer surgical, radiation, and medical oncology, representing 35 international professional societies and national clinical trial groups. Endorsed by 39 societies and professional bodies, these consensus practice recommendations aim to decrease inconsistency of practice, reduce uncertainty in care, and provide reassurance for clinicians worldwide for head and neck surgical oncology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the setting of acute severe resource constraint and high risk of infection to patients and staff.
- Published
- 2020
94. Practice Recommendations for Risk-Adapted Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO Consensus Statement
- Author
-
Thomson, David J, Palma, David, Guckenberger, Matthias, Balermpas, Panagiotis, Beitler, Jonathan J, Blanchard, Pierre, Brizel, David, Budach, Wilfred, Caudell, Jimmy, Corry, June, Corvo, Renzo, Evans, Mererid, Garden, Adam S, Giralt, Jordi, Gregoire, Vincent, Harari, Paul M, Harrington, Kevin, Hitchcock, Ying J, Johansen, Jorgen, Kaanders, Johannes, Koyfman, Shlomo, Langendijk, JA, Le, Quynh-Thu, Lee, Nancy, Margalit, Danielle, Mierzwa, Michelle, Porceddu, Sandro, Soong, Yoke Lim, Sun, Ying, Thariat, Juliette, Waldron, John, and Yom, Sue S
- Subjects
Clinical Research ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Cancer ,Prevention ,Good Health and Well Being ,COVID-19 ,Consensus ,Coronavirus Infections ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Humans ,Medical Oncology ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Societies ,Medical ,Other Physical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Abstract
PurposeBecause of the unprecedented disruption of health care services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) identified an urgent need to issue practice recommendations for radiation oncologists treating head and neck cancer (HNC) in a time of limited resources and heightened risk for patients and staff.Methods and materialsA panel of international experts from ASTRO, ESTRO, and select Asia-Pacific countries completed a modified rapid Delphi process. Topics and questions were presented to the group, and subsequent questions were developed from iterative feedback. Each survey was open online for 24 hours, and successive rounds started within 24 hours of the previous round. The chosen cutoffs for strong agreement (≥80%) and agreement (≥66%) were extrapolated from the RAND methodology. Two pandemic scenarios, early (risk mitigation) and late (severely reduced radiation therapy resources), were evaluated. The panel developed treatment recommendations for 5 HNC cases.ResultsIn total, 29 of 31 of those invited (94%) accepted, and after a replacement 30 of 30 completed all 3 surveys (100% response rate). There was agreement or strong agreement across a number of practice areas, including treatment prioritization, whether to delay initiation or interrupt radiation therapy for intercurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection, approaches to treatment (radiation dose-fractionation schedules and use of chemotherapy in each pandemic scenario), management of surgical cases in event of operating room closures, and recommended adjustments to outpatient clinic appointments and supportive care.ConclusionsThis urgent practice recommendation was issued in the knowledge of the very difficult circumstances in which our patients find themselves at present, navigating strained health care systems functioning with limited resources and at heightened risk to their health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this consensus statement is to ensure high-quality HNC treatments continue, to save lives and for symptomatic benefit.
- Published
- 2020
95. In Reply to Gupta et al.
- Author
-
Thomson, David J and Yom, Sue S
- Subjects
Other Physical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis - Published
- 2020
96. Multi-target scenario discovery to plan for sustainable food and land systems in Australia
- Author
-
Navarro Garcia, Javier, Marcos-Martinez, Raymundo, Mosnier, Aline, Schmidt-Traub, Guido, Javalera Rincon, Valeria, Obersteiner, Michael, Perez Guzman, Katya, Thomson, Marcus J., Penescu, Liviu, Douzal, Clara, Bryan, Brett A., and Hadjikakou, Michalis
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Intersection between calcium signalling and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in the context of cancer
- Author
-
Janke, Ellen K, Chalmers, Silke B, Roberts-Thomson, Sarah J, and Monteith, Gregory R
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. The effect of ammonia addition on soot nanostructure and composition in ethylene laminar flames
- Author
-
Zaher, Mohammed H., Dadsetan, Mehran, Chu, Carson, and Thomson, Murray J.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Combustion and emission characterization of upgraded biomass fast pyrolysis oil in a swirl burner
- Author
-
Cohen-Sacal, David, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Broumand, Mohsen, Thomson, Murray J., Ellis, Naoko, and Kirchen, Patrick
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Patient concerns about accessing sexual and reproductive health services outside of primary care: A survey in rural and urban settings in the Pacific Northwest
- Author
-
Thomson, Claire J., Zhang, Ying, Weidner, Amanda, Summit, Aleza K., Miles, Christina, Cole, Allison M., and Shih, Grace
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.