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Wydział Teologii, Instytut Teologii Fundamentalnej; promotor rozprawy doktorskiej: ks. dr hab. Krzysztof Kaucha, prof. KUL Celem niniejszej rozprawy jest przedstawienie życia duchowego w świetle koncepcji Mertona oraz wykazanie, że jest ono jednym z motywów uzasadnienia wiarygodności chrześcijaństwa i Kościoła. Dysertacja składa się ze wstępu, 4 rozdziałów, zakończenia, bibliografii i wykazu skrótów. W pierwszym rozdziale zostało przedstawione odkrywanie chrześcijaństwa i życia duchowego przez Mertona. Przeszedł on proces nawrócenia, czyli okres, w którym krok po kroku poznawał Jezusa. W drugim rozdziale została ukazana koncepcja życia duchowego w ujęciu Mertona, którego źródłem i centrum jest Bóg. W trzecim rozdziale ukazany jest duchowy wymiar Kościoła „ad intra” jako przejaw wiarygodności chrześcijaństwa i Kościoła. W czwartym rozdziale został ukazany duchowy wymiar Kościoła „ad extra”. Argumentacja w teologii fundamentalnej polega na przytaczaniu motywów czy argumentów w celu uzasadnienia wiarygodności nadprzyrodzonego charakteru chrześcijaństwa. Dzięki życiu duchowemu argumenty te stają się zrozumiałe i nabierają większego znaczenia. Wszystkie wzajemnie się uzupełniają i dopełniają. Wpływa to na bardziej wszechstronną i pogłębioną argumentację, co powoduje, że chrześcijaństwo i Kościół są uzasadnione w wielu wymiarach oraz na różny sposób. The purpose of this dissertation is to present the spiritual life in light of Merton’s concept and to show that his view can be counted among the reasons supporting credibility of Christianity and the Church. This work is composed of an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, bibliography, and a list of abbreviations. The first chapter depicts Merton’s experiences concerning discovering Christianity and spiritual life. The second chapter focuses on the concept of spiritual life according to Merton which is centred around and comes from God. The third chapter depicts the “ad intra” spiritual dimension of the Church as a manifestation of credibility of Christianity and the Church. The fourth chapter depicts the “ad extra” spiritual dimension of the Church. The reasoning of fundamental theology is based on giving reasons and arguments to support the credibility of supernatural character of Christianity. Thanks to the spiritual life these arguments become clearer and more meaningful. All of them supplement and complement one another. It leads to a more comprehensive and profound reasoning which validates Christianity and the Church in many dimensions and in various ways.

Fil: Raggio, Marcela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Fil: Raggio, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Raggio, M. (2019). Thomas Merton en Latinoamérica: su presencia en la revista Sur. Prismas, 23(23), 99-118. Este artículo explora la relación del monje norteamericano Thomas Merton con la revista argentina Sur, fundada y dirigida por Victoria Ocampo. Se busca estudiar las ideas de Merton en la revista, a través del análisis de ensayos y otros textos que aparecieron en la publicación. ¿Qué ideas de las que promueve Merton interesan a Sur? ¿Por qué Sur publica ensayos del monje estadounidense? ¿Tienen algún aspecto en común los diversos textos de Merton aparecidos en la revista de Ocampo? El objetivo principal de este trabajo es comprender los modos en que las publicaciones de Merton en Sur se insertan en el contexto social, literario y cultural de mediados del siglo XX, a través de la confluencia en las ideas de humanismo / personalismo. This article explores Thomas Merton’s relation with the Argentine journal Sur, directed by Victoria Ocampo. It aims at studying Merton’s works and contributions to the journal, in search of the cultural and intellectual networks that are visualized in those writings. Which of Merton’s ideas seem appealing to Sur? Why does Sur publish essays by the American monk? Do texts by Merton published in Ocampo’s journal share any traits? Our main objective is to understand the ways in which Merton’s texts in Sur connected with the social, literary and cultural contexts of the mid-20th century, through their shared confluence with the ideals of humanism /personalism.

This paper explores some writings that reflect aspects of Thomas Merton's life, viewed from the theories of nostalgia as developed by Jean Starobinsky (1966) and Svetlana Boym (2001). In our days, nostalgia is defined as a sentiment of displacement which is not necessarily related to a place. This seeming paradox explains why nostalgia may be related not to one?s own past, but rather to a feeling typical of modern times, which in Merton's case (as well as in many of his contemporaries) proved a force that prompted change in their surroundings, institutions and/or lives. In order to corroborate such a hypothesis, this paper reads some of Merton's texts applying the category of nostalgia, attempting to prove that Merton's was both reflective and restorative. Fil: Raggio, Marcela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

This article explores Thomas Merton’s poetics of translation as reflected in his letters to writers. There, Merton expresses his ideas on poetic translation, the methods and the experience of approaching foreign literature through translation. Then, a translation analysis of a sample revises the connection between Merton’s poetics and practice of translation. Este artículo busca glosar la poética de la traducción de Thomas Merton a partir del estudio de sus cartas a escritores. En ellas, Merton reflexiona acerca de lo que significa la traducción poética, los modos de traducir, y la experiencia de acercarse a lo extranjero (el extranjero) mediante la traducción. Luego, se realiza un análisis traductológico de una muestra de traducción por Merton, a fin de revisar la conexión entre su poética y su práctica de la traducción.

The year 2018 marks the quinquagenary of Thomas Merton’s death. A wealth of international events has been organized to commemorate this monk, writer, peace and social justice activist, renewer of monastic life, and significant contributor to interreligious dialogue. This issue of the biennial journal „Świat i Słowo” is a Polish contribution to those events. Consisting of two original articles written specifically for this occasion, as well as translations of several important articles that were first published in „The Merton Annual” - a flagship journal of international Merton scholarschip – Thomas Merton – Living with Wisdom pays homage to the versatility and intellectual and artistic accuity of the famous Trappist monk. Foregrounding the trope of wisdom, the articles gathered here present crucial aspects of Thomas Merton’s life and writing.

Thomas Merton (1915-1968) se definió siempre primero como escritor antes que como monje de clausura. Escribió cartas como uno de tantos modos de superar la clausura, con la intención de abrirse al mundo convulsionado por las guerras, movimientos civiles y cambios de variado orden en la década de 1960. Este artículo se propone abordar el epistolario mertoniano (dada su vastísima extensión, consideramos las cartas a Ernesto Cardenal y Miguel Grinberg) para distinguir la imagen pública y la privada que Merton va creando sobre sí. Se considera la construcción del sujeto de la escritura y la imagen que de ese sujeto se hacen los destinatarios de las cartas y demás lectores. El marco teórico de este artículo tiene dos pilares: por un lado, los aportes sobre literatura epistolar (Siess, 1998; Doll, 2002; Pulido-Tirado, 2007; Myers, 2015) y, por otro, los desarrollos teóricos sobre la nostalgia por Starobinski (1966) y Boym (2001). A partir de la aplicación de la categoría de nostalgia a las cartas seleccionadas se busca diferenciar la imagen pública y privada de Merton en conjunción con sus proyectos personales y sociales según las ideas de nostalgia retrospectiva y prospectiva. Esto permite concluir que para aprehender la autoimagen que Merton construye en sus cartas, estas deben ser leídas reponiendo un rasgo de época por demás elusivo: la nostalgia. Thomas Merton (1915-1968) always defined himself as a writer, more than a monk. He wrote letters profusely as a way of being in contact with the world outside the abbey, in an era shaken by the prospect of nuclear war, by civil, social and religious changes in several areas. This article approaches Merton’s letters to social and religious actors involved in the movements of the 1960s, in order to distinguish Merton’s private and public self-perception. The article considers the construction of the subject, and the image of that subject as perceived by the addressees and other readers. There are two pillars in our theoretical framework: on the one hand, contributions on epistolary writing (Siess 1998, Doll 2002, Pulido-Tirado 2007, Myers 2015), and on the other, the notion of nostalgia as developed by Starobinski (1966) and Boym (2001).By applying the category of nostalgia to the selected letters, the article aims at differentiating Merton’s private and public image in connection with his personal and social projects which can be understood as retrospectively and prospectively nostalgic. The conclusion proves that in order to understand Merton’s self-image in his letters, they should be read considering an elusive trait of the moment when they were written: namely, nostalgia. Fil: Raggio, Marcela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina

Thomas Merton (1915-1968) tuvo una activa participación en las búsquedas de soluciones y propuestas para los problemas que acuciaban al mundo en los años ’60 del siglo XX. En la progresiva apertura que fue produciendo desde fines de la década del ’50 hasta 1968, sus intereses por el mundo contemporáneo, basados en una filosofía humanista / personalista, lo llevaron a involucrarse en el estudio de los pueblos originarios no solo de los Estados Unidos, sino también de Latinoamérica. En sus cartas a escritores latinoamericanos, en su traducción de poetas de Centroamérica y en su libro Ishi, Merton cubre el panorama geográfico y cultural de todo el continente americano en búsqueda de las raíces indígenas de América. Este artículo explora textos de los géneros mencionados teniendo como hipótesis la idea de que Merton imbrica la historia indígena con su concepción del presente y el futuro de la humanidad en América. Thomas Merton (1915-1968) was active in the search for solutions to the problems affecting the world in the 1960s. His gradual openness to the contemporary world, the late 1950s until his death in 1968, was based on Humanism/Personalism. Such philosophical background led him to study the Indigenous peoples of both North and South America. In his letters to Latin American writers, his translations of Latin American poetry into English and his book Ishi Means Man search for the indigenous roots of the continent. This article explores a selection of Merton’s texts, in order to corroborate our hypothesis: that Merton interweaves indigenous history with his own conception of humanity’s present and future in the Americas. Fil: Raggio, Marcela Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina

This article attempts to demonstrate that the entire body of Thomas Merton’s poetry shows surprising consistency, and that even his late antipoetry of indignation and protest should be seen in terms of an evolutionary development rather than the sometimes postulated rupture. From Early Poems to the posthumously published The Geography of Lograire Merton’s poetic work registers a steady broadening of perspectives, an incorporation of themes and techniques towards and integrated (sapiential) vision of reality that would transcend opposites. At the beginning of his spiritual and poetic journey Merton claimed that “geography has lost all earthly north” (“Sacred Heart 2”). Little did he suspect that this loss was a prelude to a greater task – that of an eventual rebuilding of his geography, a reorientation, not rejection of his map.

La traducción literaria es un puente no solamente entre idiomas, sino entre culturas y literaturas, ya que establece diálogos a través de las obras, los autores, las épocas, las lenguas y los países. El monje trapense Thomas Merton, uno de los poetas y místicos norteamericanos más reconocidos del siglo XX, nació en Europa, donde recibió su formación académica hasta la juventud. Más tarde, el contacto con la cultura y la literatura de Latinoamérica llegó a ser un componente esencial de su vida; y entre otras muestras de esto se cuentan las versiones de autores hispanohablantes que publicó incluso en libros de poemas propios. Este artículo propone revisar algunos ensayos y cartas de Merton, y a la vez un acercamiento mediante la reflexión sobre las versiones de poemas originales de Ernesto Cardenal que escribe Merton, tomando como marco y como fundamento teórico la propuesta traductológica del francés Antoine Berman. Desde esta perspectiva, la traducción poética es experiencia y reflexión. Así, se busca demostrar que la tríada obra original – versión – traductología conforma una serie de lazos entre pensamiento y práctica, literatura y lectura, creación y recreación, el norte y el sur de América

Joan Jones begins this essay by exploring what is meant by the terms ‘theology’ and ‘poetry’. ‘Theology’ is defined as the disciplined attempts of human beings to understand God. That is, the effort to understand how the world is affected by God’s presence and activity, what kind of God he is, and what his purpose is. Jones then turns to how a knowledge of God might be expressed. Might this be poetically? This could be of help in theology’s disciplined search for perfect expression. The fact is, however, that theology and poetry have always worked together, be it in Scripture, liturgy or psalms and hymns. In turn, poetry often expresses theological truths. Is poetry, then, more significant than theology in the early twenty-first century? Jones answers this question by observing that, currently, personal self-definition is much more likely to take place through subjective means than through social objectivity, as was once the case. Jones concludes by pointing to the great outpouring of new liturgy evidenced in praise songs and poetry, which demonstrate both the potential of faith’s reality and relevance and its significance for twenty-first-century theology. Publisher PDF

Este artículo, que forma parte de una investigación sobre la poética de traducción y las ideas americanistas de Thomas Merton, explora estos temas a través del análisis de la correspondencia de Thomas Merton con sus cuatro corresponsales argentinos: Victoria Ocampo, Miguel Grinberg, Rafael Squirru y Alejandro Vignati. Si bien en las cartas intercambiadas con estos cuatro actores culturales argentinos los intereses particulares son variados, subyace en todas el ideal americanista que Merton manifiesta a lo largo de sus escritos y su percepción de la poesía sudamericana., This article, which stems from a research project on Merton’s poetics of translation and his Americanist ideas, explores these topics through the analysis of his letters to four Argentine correspondents: Victoria Ocampo, Miguel Grinberg, Rafael Squirru and Alejandro Vignati. Even though the letters sent to each of these cultural actors differ in their particulars, Merton’s sense of Americanness, as manifest in his writings, underlies them all, as well as his favourable views on South American poetry., Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

This article explores the connection between reflection and practice of translation in Thomas Merton, based on the theoretical framework provided by Antoine Berman. In Merton’s letters to fellow Latin American writers there are explicit references to the function of poetry in a de-humanized world, in addition to specific comments about his translator’s task. We suggest that those reflections contribute to develop Merton’s poetics of translation and, together with his versions of Latin American poetry (particularly, those in Emblems of a Season of Fury), they can be understood as a way of valuing the Other, in Berman’s terms. Fil: Raggio, Marcela Maria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina

This paper explores Thomas Merton’s letters to writers, in order to determine Merton’s Americanist ideal. Based on the Latin American discourse of identity, especially José Martí’s, our hypothesis is that though in a few letters there is a sense of ―Pan-Americanism,‖ Merton’s predominant attitude is one of admiration and differentiation of Latin America from North America. Merton’s concerns with Latin America are directed towards three main issues: its history and the echoes in the present; its role in the future; and, above all, its poetry. Though he writes about these issues mainly to Latin American writers, there are also references in his correspondence with poets of other nationalities. The texts in the corpus of analysis date from the 1950s and 1960s; but they have retained relevance to this day, and may provide ways of establishing a North-South dialogue, as well as of valuing the contributions such ideas can make to contemporary relations among people. Este artículo explora las cartas de Thomas Merton a escritores, a fin de determinar el ideal americanista del poeta y monje norteamericano. Basándonos en el discurso latinoamericano sobre la identidad, principalmente en José Martí, proponemos como hipótesis que si bien en algunas cartas se manifiestan nociones ―panamericanistas‖, en la mayoría Merton demuestra admiración y diferencia la América del Sur de Norteamérica. El interés de Merton por Latinoamérica se relaciona con tres aspectos: su historia y los ecos de esta en el presente; su rol en el futuro y, sobre todo, su poesía. Si bien escribe sobre estos temas principalmente a corresponsales escritores latinoamericanos, hay referencias también en las cartas a autores de otras nacionalidades. Los textos que conforman nuestro corpus de análisis datan de las décadas de 1950 y 1960; pero mantienen aún hoy su relevancia, y pueden sugerir modos de establecer un fructífero diálogo entre el Norte y el Sur. Al mismo tiempo, pueden demostrar modos de valorar las relaciones entre los pueblos y naciones en nuestros tiempos, a partir de la literatura

This article investigates the intersection of psychology and spirituality as seen through the works of Thomas Merton, Carl Jung, Fritz Kunkel and Viktor Frankl. The themes of spirituality contextualised in human identity, psychological and spiritual transcendence, and the true self versus false self metaphor are traced through the works of all four thinkers. Epistemological flexibility and holistic thinking and being are suggested as methods for transforming interdisciplinary practitioners, such as pastoral counsellors, spiritual directors and spiritually oriented psychotherapists, in order that they can offer care in a less bifurcated and more integrated way. Practical applications, including a vignette and specific recommendations for broadening and deepening personal and professional integrative practice, are offered.

Este trabalho propõe-se a lançar um olhar sobre o ver em Thomas Merton ao deixar-se tocar pela espiritualidade Zen budista na sua trajetória cristã. O eixo central desta tese será, portanto, o foco na sua via mística em comunhão com a natureza. A rigorosa tradição monástica Zen e o monasticismo trapista da Ordem Cisterciense assemelham-se na rígida disciplina de sua vida cotidiana. A criação para Merton está associada à visão de sacralidade, sendo que este amor é compartilhado pela perspectiva do Zen Budismo, no qual Natureza/Despertar são inseparáveis. A sede de Deus e de aprendizado levou o monge a uma peregrinação pelo continente asiático. Na sua busca da grande compaixão, ele encontrou o outro lado da montanha e viveu experiências místicas definitivas em sítios sagrados da Ásia. This study proposes one sharp “looking” at Thomas Merton’s “seeing” considering how he let himself to be touched by the Zen Buddhist spirituality on his Christian journey. The axis of this thesis will be, therefore, to promote a focus on his mystic life lived in a great communion with the nature. The strict Zen monastic tradition and the trapist monasticism of the Cisters are really alike on their rigid disciplines taken seriously for the everyday living by the monks. The Creation in accordance with Merton’s thoughts is extremely associated with the vision of sacrality, furthermore the divine love is shared through a Zen perspective where nature/ to awake are inseparable. Thirsty of God and learning he has done a pilgrimage around the eastern continent and on his search for the great compassion he finally found the “other side of the mountain”, or in another words: he has lived many remarkable mystic experiences indeed while visiting some Asian sacred places.