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Various electrospinning techniques can be used to produce nanofiber mats with randomly oriented or aligned nanofibers made of different materials and material mixtures. Such nanofibers have a high specific surface area, making them sensitive as sensors for health monitoring. The entire nanofiber mats are very thin and lightweight and, therefore, can be easily integrated into wearables such as textile fabrics or even patches. Nanofibrous sensors can be used not only to analyze sweat but also to detect physical parameters such as ECG or heartbeat, movements, or environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, etc., making them an interesting alternative to other wearables for continuous health monitoring. This paper provides an overview of various nanofibrous sensors made of different materials that are used in health monitoring. Both the advantages of electrospun nanofiber mats and their potential problems, such as inhomogeneities between different nanofiber mats or even within one electrospun specimen, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textiles were ubiquitous in the elite Egyptian cultural sphere—from clothing, furniture coverings, and wall decorations to grave goods and temple offerings. The Egyptian world was draped in cloth, yet the producers were often marginalized members of society—immigrants, war captives, and women, who produced for a select few to whom they did not often belong. This paper aims to use textiles as a medium to investigate how the New Kingdom textile industry maintained social inequalities and power differentials. This paper highlights the efforts of marginalized labor in the production of textiles in New Kingdom Egypt, utilizing an intersectional approach to understand the interactions of the producers, varying levels of management, and elite consumers. Textiles were a high-value resource and one of the only goods that increased in value with labor, unlike other crafted goods, like metals, for example. I posit that this was inherently linked to the marginalization of the labor involved. The fabrics woven were a display of the Egyptian hegemony and reaffirmed the social order between the elites and the rest of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of real exchange rate volatility on real exports is explored empirically in this article. The study uses disaggregated Indian manufacturing sector data consisting of seven categories: leather & leather manufactures, chemicals and related products, engineering goods, electronic goods, textiles (excluding readymade garments), readymade garments and other manufactured goods. The analysis is focused on India's quarterly data from 2004Q2 to 2018Q2 using the ARDL bound test procedure. The ARDL bound test results show that real exports are co-integrated with fluctuations in real exchange rates and world real GDP. The study also reveals that exchange rate volatility has mixed effects on manufacturing exports both in the long run and short run. The impact of real-world GDP (WGDP) on real exports has been found positive and significant in the long run except for leather and leather manufacturers where it is negative and significant. In the case of the short-run, real-WGDP has mixed effects on exports. JEL Classification: C22, F14, F31, F1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cellulase enzyme has significant potential for applications in textile chemical processing, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. In conventional enzymatic treatments, the enzymes act as biocatalysts and are typically discarded as effluent after completing their function. However, the single-use nature, high production costs, and limited biological activity of cellulase enzymes hinder their widespread commercial use in the textile industry. This study focuses on the immobilization of a commercial cellulase enzyme onto two distinct reversible soluble–insoluble polymers Chitosan and Eudragit S-100 for the recovery and reusability. Chitosan and Eudragit were chosen as support materials due to their pH-dependent soluble–insoluble properties. These properties allow them to act as homogeneous catalysts in their soluble phase during application (since textile materials are heterogeneous) and enable easy recovery in their insoluble phase for subsequent reuse. The immobilization process was optimized to achieve maximum enzyme activity with ideal enzyme loading percentages. After immobilization on chitosan, the cellulase retained 92% of its initial activity with a loading efficiency of 73.7%, while on Eudragit, it maintained 86.5% activity with a loading efficiency of 75.6%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to confirm the successful attachment of the cellulase enzyme to the polymers. The immobilized cellulase demonstrated equivalent fading effects compared to the native cellulase in terms of color depth (K/S value) and color metrics (L*, a*, b*), while also reducing physical damage and back-staining—common issues in the traditional denim fading process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and back-staining analyses of the denim samples provided further evidence of these benefits. Moreover, the immobilized cellulase maintained approximately 50% of its activity even after recovery from five denim washing cycles, showcasing the potential for reuse across multiple applications, particularly in textile processing. Thus, cellulase immobilized on chitosan and Eudragit S-100 represents a promising solution for the sustainable use of enzymes in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty down jacket fabrics underwent a subjective multisensory evaluation, including tactile, visual, and auditory aspects, and the subjective and objective style evaluation results were compared and analyzed. The subjective style evaluation of down jacket fabrics was divided into comprehensive sensory evaluation and pure sensory evaluation. Pure sensory evaluation included three ways: pure vision, pure touch, and pure hearing. The comprehensive sensory evaluation was to combine the three to evaluate the fabric. The results showed that the pure sensory evaluation results were not much different from the comprehensive sensory evaluation results, and the correlation was strong. In general, the results of the pure tactile test were more consistent with the results of the comprehensive sensory test. The subjective comprehensive sensory evaluation results had a high linear correlation with the calculation results of the objective comprehensive handle evaluation model, and were negatively correlated. The smaller the calculated value of the model, the better the comprehensive handle of the fabric. It also proved the rationality and validity of the objective model, and the feasibility of the CHES-FY textile handle style evaluation instrument to evaluate the handle of down jacket fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The textile sector is widely acknowledged as one of the most environmentally damaging sectors globally, primarily due to its high consumption of water and energy, utilization of chemicals, and the discharge of waste water containing a complex mixture of hazardous substances. The incorporation of nanotechnology, particularly through wet processes involving nano finishes, while enhancing textile functionality, further exacerbates these environmental concerns. Consequently, the exploration and promotion of sustainable methodologies are imperative across all wet treatments in textile processing. Among the potential solutions, sonoprocesses stand out as a promising avenue for mitigating resource consumption, and supporting environmentally friendly synthesis and application of nanomaterials to textiles. Sonoprocesses offer the advantage of carrying processes at low temperature and pressure, and the use of aqueous media instead of organic solvents. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted applications of sonoprocesses within the textile realm, with a specific emphasis on the synthesis and application of nanomaterials to textiles. Discussing the diverse applications of sonoprocesses, this study will pave the way for the integration of these techniques within the textile industry, ultimately aiming for widespread adoption on a commercial scale. This will help in promoting sustainable practices and reducing the ecological footprint of the textile sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a reflective metasurface solely based on flexible textile material is presented for indoor signal coverage enhancement in a specific scenario – reflecting and reallocating radio frequency energy that would have leaked through a large window area. The proposed reflective metasurface design, reflective metasurface is composed of layers of square conductive textile patches and dielectric textile substrates. For the unit cell design, a reflective phase difference of up to 90° can be achieved via varying the size of the conductive patches. Meanwhile, a phase difference of up to 180° can be achieved by the alignment of conductive patches on different textile substrate layers, which is an ideal design philosophy for textile material. The proposed metasurface, consisting of 12 × 12 unit cells, can achieve a main reflected beam pointing in the direction of ±35° and a secondary reflected beam at ±63°. Simulated results show that the reflected beams remain relatively stable under the crumpling conditions often seen for curtains. A prototype of the design was fabricated and tested in a real-world scenario. A maximum signal strength enhancement of 15 dB and an average enhancement of 5.97 dB in a wide range of directions can be achieved with the reflective metasurface applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water vapour diffusion through textile fabrics plays a crucial role in maintaining body comfort. Developing and producing comfortable textiles is a major challenge for manufacturers of fibres, yarns and fabrics. This study aims to develop a simple model to predict the water vapour permeability of textile fabrics as a function of their structural parameters to assist manufacturers in developing comfortable fabrics. To achieve this goal, geometric modeling of the woven structure was proposed to calculate porosity at the micro-and macro-pores level. Two mathematical models were introduced based on the principle of diffusion of water vapour through a textile fabric. To validate the two models, a series of 18 samples was prepared with three basic fabric structures: Plain, Twill and Turc Sateen. To vary the compactness of the structures, three weft densities were chosen: 18, 21 and 24 picks/cm. In addition, since the material influences water vapour diffusion, two types of weft yarns were inserted: 50% CO/50% PET and 100% PET. The results show that the two models are reliable for predicting water vapour resistance (Ret) depending on the structural parameters of the textile fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the production of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics, the direction of needle barbs is towards the tip of the needle. When the needle penetrates into the fabric, the barbs carry some fibres into the fabric and when it returns the barbs are empty. This means that, the needle works when it penetrates into the fabric and doesn't work when it returns. Using a bi-directional barb needle in the needle-punch process was proposed as an idea with the theory that, the needle also works when returning (leaving the layer). This study investigates the physical properties of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics produced with unidirectional and bi-directional needle types. Effects of needle penetration depth (NPD), strokes per minute (SPM), and needle type (N1, N2) on properties such as gram per square meter (GSM), thickness, fabric density (FD), and static puncture resistance (SPR) are examined. An experiment with 19 runs was designed using response surface methodology and optimal design with two quantitative factors, including NPD and SPM, and one qualitative factor containing needle types. In addition, four responses were measured and reported, including GSM, thickness, FD, and SPR. Test results show that needle N2 produces a fabric with lower FD, higher GSM, thickness, and SPR in comparison to needle N1, and was selected in optimization process with a desirability value of 0.872 against 0.688 for needle N1. The improved fabric properties of needle N2 may be exploited for the economic benefits of the nonwoven fabric producers or textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the influence of stitch length, fabric finished width, and machine diameter × gauge on fundamental knitted structures. While maintaining consistent finishing parameters such as after wash, brushing, and enzyme treatment, the study isolates the impact of stitch length, finish width, and machine diameter × gauge on knitted structures. Analysis of approximately 5000 data points reveals noteworthy findings. For a single jersey, finished width decreases by 3–7% for 32–40s yarn and increases by 6–9% for 20–28s yarn with varying machine diameters and gauges. Fleece, Pique, and Lacoste exhibit a finish width increase of 20–30% for 20–40s yarn, while Rib and Interlock structures show a 5–10% decrease. Regarding grams per square meter (GSM), a single jersey's color variation leads to a 25% increase in GSM from greige GSM, while Rib and Interlock experience a 30–45% rise. Pique, Lacoste, and Fleece see a 30–44% GSM increase from greige GSM. The study offers valuable insights into optimizing knitted fabric parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrophobicity of a material is enhanced by introducing a multi-scaled roughness on its surface. When a liquid droplet deposited on such a surface is submitted to a stress, a wetting transition is observed. This transition is abrupt for model rigid surfaces. The case of textile materials is very different since they are highly deformable and the liquid may penetrate the structure. In this paper, we focus on hydrophobic pile textile fabrics. Firstly, their wetting properties are characterized by the contact angle, the contact angle hysteresis and the roll-off angle. Then, we study the influence of an external pressure applied to a drop deposited on the surface. The contact angle after squeezing is studied vs. the pressure and vs. the lateral deformation of the fabrics. The results are discussed according to the geometrical parameters of the piles and the microscopic organization of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distortion-minimizing surface parameterization is an essential step for computing 2D pieces necessary to fabricate a target 3D shape from flat material. Garment design and textile fabrication are a prominent application example. Common distortion measures quantify length, angle or area preservation in an isotropic manner, so that when applied to woven textile fabrication, they implicitly assume fabric behaves like paper, which is inextensible in all directions and does not permit shearing. However, woven fabric differs significantly from paper: it exhibits anisotropy along the yarn directions and allows for some degree of shearing. We propose a novel distortion energy based on Chebyshev nets that anisotropically penalizes shearing and stretching. Our energy formulation can be used as an optimization objective for surface parameterization and is simple to minimize via a local-global algorithm. We demonstrate its advantages in modeling nets or woven fabric behavior over the commonly used isotropic distortion energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents volumetric homogenization, a spatially varying homogenization scheme for knitwear simulation. We are motivated by the observation that macro-scale fabric dynamics is strongly correlated with its underlying knitting patterns. Therefore, homogenization towards a single material is less effective when the knitting is complex and non-repetitive. Our method tackles this challenge by homogenizing the yarn-level material locally at volumetric elements. Assigning a virtual volume of a knitting structure enables us to model bending and twisting effects via a simple volume-preserving penalty and thus effectively alleviates the material nonlinearity. We employ an adjoint Gauss-Newton formulation[Zehnder et al. 2021] to battle the dimensionality challenge of such per-element material optimization. This intuitive material model makes the forward simulation GPU-friendly. To this end, our pipeline also equips a novel domain-decomposed subspace solver crafted for GPU projective dynamics, which makes our simulator hundreds of times faster than the yarn-level simulator. Experiments validate the capability and effectiveness of volumetric homogenization. Our method produces realistic animations of knitwear matching the quality of full-scale yarn-level simulations. It is also orders of magnitude faster than existing homogenization techniques in both the training and simulation stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper pushes the performance of cloth simulation, making the simulation interactive even for high-resolution garment models while keeping every triangle untangled. The penetration-free guarantee is inspired by the interior point method, which converts the inequality constraints to barrier potentials. We propose a major overhaul of this modality within the projective dynamics framework by leveraging an adaptive weighting mechanism inspired by barrier formulation. This approach does not depend on the distance between mesh primitives, but on the virtual life span of a collision event and thus keeps all the vertices within feasible region. Such a non-distance barrier model allows a new way to integrate collision resolution into the simulation pipeline. Another contributor to the performance boost comes from the subspace reuse strategy. This is based on the observation that low-frequency strain propagation is near orthogonal to the deformation induced by collisions or self-collisions, often of high frequency. Subspace reuse then takes care of low-frequency residuals, while high-frequency residuals can also be effectively smoothed by GPU-based iterative solvers. We show that our method outperforms existing fast cloth simulators by at least one order while producing high-quality animations of high-resolution models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composting offers a solid waste management alternative to landfilling resulting in soil amendment products with fertilization and moisture retention benefits and collateral methane reduction by diverting organic wastes from anaerobic landfill environments. An increasing array of materials and products are marketed as compostable, though only a limited range of these are covered by certification schemes. Greater accessibility and deeper understanding of compostability testing is needed to promote meaningful evaluation of the viability and optimal conditions for composting wider ranges of materials. This article describes various critical aspects of laboratory-scale methodology that can be optimized for more consistent, accurate, and efficient testing. While most of the reviewed studies are based on standardized international test methods, modifications to vessel design, medium, control systems, and evaluation show promise. Learnings are also drawn from biodegradation tests using soil and aqueous media. Particular consideration is given to evaluating compostability of textiles, including nonwovens, which today are primarily disposed of in landfills yet have the potential to supplement organic carbon in compost mixtures with nitrogen rich food waste. Furthermore, biodegradation properties of both natural and man-made textile fibers have received growing attention in recent years. Fiber fragments found in oceans and the surge of disposable face coverings used during the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely covered in the mainstream media, highlighting the importance of understanding biodegradation properties for textiles. This review consolidates and organizes diverse and essential procedural details reported in various standards and studies with the goal of encouraging and guiding successful implementation of compostability testing more broadly in laboratories. Certain gaps in test methodologies are identified to help focus future research. Reliable, accessible testing is crucial to expand the beneficial impacts of composting in waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autobiographical trauma art is a way to connect its viewers with the artist and her experience, and with the history in which this experience occurred. We argue that when autobiographical trauma art involves craft practices, such as working with textiles, the relationships between history, the artist, the artwork, and the viewer become particularly strong. The interplay between the present and past, viewer and artist, through fabrication and encounter constitute, we suggest, a series of hauntings that draw attention to something broader—structural violence, selective forgetting, or wilful ignorance—in which trauma was, and remains, situated. We use examples of textile artwork by Beata Batorowicz to explore autobiographical trauma art as a tactile, embodied response to the intergenerational trauma arising from her family's experiences in Poland during World War II. A line of hauntings, traceable from the artist via the artwork to the viewer, parallels the flowing effects of intergenerational trauma, but the intervention of the artist, in creatively addressing her own ghosts, offers the viewer and a wider public the opportunity to experience her truth-telling in the form of "empathic unsettlement" (LaCapra 2014 (2001), 41) and a new comprehension of a past that has fallen by the wayside of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the study was to alleviate the thermal‐moisture comfort (TMC) of phase change material (PCM) thermal protective clothing, while simultaneously enhancing thermal protective performance (TPP) by a drip molding process. Nine types of PCM dripped fabrics were prepared by the drip molding process and served as comfort layers of thermal protective clothing. The TMC and TPP of the fabric systems were measured. A new method was proposed to balance the TMC and TPP of thermal protective clothing. The results demonstrated that the drip molding process marginally weakened the TMC while substantially enhancing the TPP of fabric systems. But the TMCs of the PCM dripped fabrics were far larger than the PCM coated fabric. Specifically, an increase in droplet diameter led to a decline in TMC and an improvement in TPP, whereas an increase in droplet interval resulted in an enhancement in TMC and a decrease in TPP. The findings obtained in this study can be used to engineer fabric systems that provide better protection for heat stress and skin burns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of biotechnology in fashion offers new opportunities for sustainable textile innovation, yet significant challenges remain in bridging the education and collaborative gaps between these fields. This paper explores these challenges through the case study of bacterial cellulose using qualitative methodology of 20 semi-structured interviews with design and science practitioners. Key themes include (1) collaboration: mentorship, types of experiences, and limitations, (2) differences: terminology, learning and resources, and (3) the role of designers in the laboratory. Findings indicate that while scientists adapt with bacterial cellulose, fashion researchers struggle with biotechnological terminology and practices. Insights from the fashion participants also reveal strategies for overcoming these challenges. This paper concludes by proposing the Interdisciplinary Innovation in Fashion Biotechnology Framework to foster collaboration between the fields. Future work should focus on opportunities for designers to access and engage with scientific laboratories, while encouraging scientists to collaborate with designers in studio environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting plays a vital role in democratic societies. Adopting electronic voting can effectively increase voter participation and significantly reduce the financial burden on the organizers. In recent years, with the prevalence of blockchain technology, numerous blockchain-based electronic voting schemes have emerged. Compared with traditional electronic voting schemes, they have more favorable security features. However, existing schemes generally suffer from inefficient voting procedures, limited functionality, and dependence on specific blockchain platforms, making them challenging to deploy in diverse voting scenarios. This paper proposes an efficient and versatile electronic voting scheme on blockchain that addresses these problems using our proposed smart contract-based aggregated blind signature, zero-knowledge proofs, and threshold encryption scheme. In the paper, the scheme's various features, including security, are analyzed in detail, and the scheme is deployed and tested on the Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum blockchain platform. The experiment results demonstrate that the voting scheme satisfies the security requirement, and it has outstanding advantages in performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing advanced textiles and fabrics that offer protection against aerosolised chemical and biological hazards is of tremendous interest and is indispensable to the safety of the military personnel. Unfortunately, the extensive protection offered by protective clothing is often accompanied by a reduction in moisture vapour permeability, which increases physiological burden on the user (i.e., transport of sweat away from the body). This study shows that an enhancement in aerosol particulate filtration of a woven textile fabric can be achieved without impeding its water vapour transmission rate through the application of an ultra‐low grammage nanocellulose coating using a simple papermaking approach. Aerosol particulate filtration is realised in the nanocellulose coating through a size‐exclusion mechanism and the filtration efficiency doubled even at a nanocellulose grammage of 0.25 g m−2. As nanocellulose is hygroscopic, water vapour transmission rate remained unchanged compared to the uncoated woven fabric, regardless of the types of nanocellulose coating applied. The work also reports the mechanical robustness of the nanocellulose network fabricated, which is typically the concern in low‐grammage nanofibrous coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the effect of curing temperature on the shape memory behavior and coating adhesion of polyethylenimine‐based shape memory polyurethane (PEI‐SMPU) to cotton fabric. The study utilized a dip‐coating process to apply a PEI‐SMPU solution to cotton fabrics, followed by curing at temperatures ranging from 100 to 160°C. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed uniform coating, and significant adhesion, and surface roughness was substantially reduced as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. The fabric's shape memory performance improved with increasing cure temperature, exhibiting excellent recovery (90%) at lower SMPU concentrations (1%). The results indicated that the tear strength of the fabric decreased with increasing curing temperature, attributed to constrained yarn mobility due to increased SMPU cross‐linking. The study successfully correlates the thermal and mechanical properties of SMPU‐coated fabrics with the interaction between SMPU and fabric, emphasizing the preservation of their laundering durability after multiple wash cycles. These findings contribute to the development of smart textiles with improved performance and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile reinforced mortars (TRM) are materials whose mechanical behavior has been extensively investigated during the last few years. However, studies on the behavior of these materials after exposure to various aggressive environments are still limited and, hence, their performance during their entire service life remains to be determined. The present study contributes to the knowledge pool regarding the behavior of concrete specimens furnished with TRM overlays post their exposure to various harsh environments, specifically through the analysis of shear bond tests. More specifically, 120 concrete substrates were reinforced with one and two layers of carbon textile which were embedded into a high and a low strength cementitious mortar and exposed to various harsh environments (carbonation, chlorides, carbonation and chlorides, different number of freeze–thaw cycles). It was concluded that: (i) a reduction of more than 25% is possible regarding failure stress; (ii) the number of textile layers plays an important role in TRM‐concrete bond behavior; and (iii) the influence of mortar strength is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based precursor fibers with different mechanical properties prepared by wet‐spinning and its correlation with microstructure was researched, the primary structural factors that affecting its properties were analyzed. The tensile strength and modulus of precursor fibers increased from 4.63 cN/dtex to 9.16 cN/dtex and 99.09 cN/dtex to 168.92 cN/dtex, respectively, with the increase in crystallinity from 69.29% to 87.84% and orientation degree increased from 83.95% to 93.81%, high performance precursor fibers could be achieved by decrease in the crystallite size and interlayer spacing, these aggregation structure plays a decisive role to the mechanical properties of fibers. The integrality of aggregation structure and properties could reflected by boiling water shrinkage behavior and glass transition temperature from the side. The fracture morphology of fibers with different properties were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three fracture characteristics were observed, PF1 and PF3 presented the radial extended fracture without microfibril pull out, radial cluster fracture with the pull out of microfibril for PF2, PF4–PF6, together with the axial splitting pattern in PF6, which was revealed by microfibrils/fibrils in longitudinal and transverse combined with solution etching. Precursor fibers with less voids, without serious skin‐core, continuous arrangement, tightly stacked, well‐developed and complete oriented microfibrils/fibrils, exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Possible fracture process was given from the perspective of aggregation structure and microfibrils/fibrils, which become dominant factors determining properties of precursor fibers. Improve the performance could be achieved by regulating surface structure and cross‐sectional shape. As one of the main structural factors that determining properties, by reducing diameter could minimize the numbers and sizes of defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the accuracy and detection effect of fabric defect detection, a fabric defect detection method based on local similarity comparison is proposed in this paper. This method first takes each pixel in the image as the central pixel, selects a specific window as the region size, and then uses the similarity between the central region and the surrounding neighborhood to find the neighborhood most similar to the central region to complete the estimation of the central pixel. Finally, the target image is obtained by the principle of background difference, so as to detect fabric defects. The results show that this method is superior to the traditional detection method, which can not only detect the defect image under the complex background, but also have good detection results for the fabric defect image under the influence of different organization and lighting factors. The detection accuracy rate under factory conditions can reach 98.45%, which has a high applicability and detection rate, and also demonstrates certain anti-interference performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spindle whorls are a kind of spinning tools of crucially important in prehistoric period. Haidai region is one of the main historical and cultural areas of prehistoric China, and had a relatively developed textile handicraft production, where a large number of spindle whorls were unearthed, including many decorated ones. In order to make clear the uses of the decorated spindle whorls and the meanings of the patterns on them, the data of prehistoric decorated spindle whorls unearthed in archaeological sites of the period from Beixin Culture to Yueshi Culture in Haidai region of China were collected and analyzed, and the morphological data (dimension and shapes) of them were compared with that of undecorated ones. The patterns on the decorated spindle whorls were analyzed and classified, and the characteristics of the patterns in different cultural periods were studied, and based on this, the purpose of making decorated spindle whorls and the function and meanings of the patterns were discussed. The results showed that the range of morphological data of the decorated spindle whorls in Haidai region is consistent with that of undecorated ones belonging to the same period and unearthed in the same site, while compared with undecorated spindle whorls, decorated ones are more affected by regional culture and thus show different features from the ones unearthed in other archaeological sites belonging to the same cultural period. It is concluded that the most basic function of the decorated spindle whorls should be as practical tools for normal spinning production, and the patterns on them should have multiple meanings such as practical, decorative, distinctive and symbolic. The study of decorated spindle whorls can help us understand the prehistoric regional culture in Haidai region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PLA/PMMA) composite fibers with high performance were fabricated using melt spinning technique. The crystallization, lamellae orientation and physical properties of composite fibers were investigated systematically. The addition of PMMA (0–20 wt%) has improved the hydrolysis resistance of composite fibers by preventing water molecules from penetrating and diffusing through the fibers, but the strength and heat resistance were reduced at the same time. The stereocomplex crystallites (SC) formed before spinning by introducing poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA) (3 wt%) in poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) matrix and acted as nucleating agents to enhanced the crystallization and lamellae orientation of PLLA matrix, which improved the physical properties of PLA composite fibers resultful. The tensile strength of PLA fibers with 3 wt% PDLA and 5 wt% PMMA was increased 31% as well as the boiling water shrinkage and the hydrolysis rate were decreased 30% and 33% in relation to PLLA fibers. Finally, the hydrolysis resistance was further enhanced on the basis of realizing high strength and heat resistance, which is of great significance for preparing durable PLA fiber materials and expanding their application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute un textil mesoamericano con plumas llamado tlahmacháyatl en Roma, que se describe como un manto (tilmahtli) y representa un importante marcador de estatus dentro de los pueblos nativos durante la época prehispánica.

Textiles have long been recognized as a key feature in the economic and social development of early complex societies. Many comparative dimensions, however, remain unexplored, including within the ancient Near East. Unlike contemporary societies in Syria and Mesopotamia, wool was not used as a staple finance good in the Early Bronze Age southern Levant (c. 3700–2000 bce) since the landscape could not permit adequately scaled production. In larger cultural regions wool was produced at vast scales and helped underpin royal institutions. But without a non-perishable, high-volume and high-value commodity like wool, staple finance in the southern Levant was restricted to seasonally produced grain, wine and oil, primarily used in exchange for local labour. Moreover, without wool there was little need in the southern Levant for the administrative and security technologies used elsewhere, namely seals and sealing, and later, writing. This limited the development of complex institutions and cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medical waste is an environmental, financial, and administrative burden to the health care system. Attempts to decrease waste should begin by quantifying the amount of waste at an individual facility. This study attempts to quantify the amount of medical waste associated with operative cases at an urban Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Methods: The study was a prospective of analysis of surplus equipment and supplies accumulated by a single surgical team over a 6-week period from a VAMC operating room. The equipment and supplies were counted and weighed. The cost of the most common items was calculated using standard procurement values. Results: Overall, there were 81 pieces of surplus equipment and 1122 pieces of surplus medical supplies. The most common piece of equipment was a towel clip, and the most common medical supply was a blue towel. The total weight of the equipment was 72.2 kg. The five most common items were blue towels, suture, gloves, gowns, and gauze pads. Based on standard pricing, the individual price for each of the five above items was $1.32, $1.84, $4.05, $5.74, and $0.13, respectively. Over the 6-week period, the total cost of the five most common items was $1,764.56. Finally, the total weight of the surplus items was 72.2 kg. Conclusions: Operative waste includes equipment and supplies that increase time, effort, and costs. Quantifying the waste allows each facility the opportunity to introduce potential strategies to reduce extraneous medical equipment and supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best practice for cleaning wrestling mats is using a residual disinfectant with continued antibacterial action. Recently available wash-in silver additives claim to confer a residual effect to fabric. To test the efficacy of laundering with a wash-in silver additive in reducing athletes' exposure to potentially infectious microbes on apparel. A 4-part controlled laboratory study/parallel group comparison study. (1) To test whether fabrics in athletic clothing would be affected differently, we applied bacteria to control fabrics washed in detergent alone and test counterparts washed in detergent plus wash-in silver additive. Bacteria were applied to fabrics, extracted, plated, incubated, and counted. (2) To see if wash-in silver affected various bacteria differently, we washed cotton t-shirts with detergent alone or with detergent plus wash-in silver. We applied 4 bacterial species commonly found in the wrestling environment. Bacteria were extracted, plated, incubated, and counted. (3) To see if wash-in silver was effective in reducing bacterial contamination during practice, 32 collegiate wrestlers paired off with one wearing a test silver-treated t-shirt and their partner wearing a control shirt. Wrestler rotations exposed shirts to 2, 4, or 8 wrestlers. Identical swatches of fabric were cut from the t-shirts. Bacteria were extracted, plated, incubated, and counted. (4) We simulated prolonged/repeated bacterial exposure as occurs during tournaments by applying bacteria directly to silver-treated and untreated singlet material repeatedly over time. Test samples were taken at regular intervals to see if bacterial growth was inhibited by the presence of the silver nanoparticles. Bacteria were extracted, plated, incubated, and counted. Laboratory and practice. Collegiate Division III wrestling team. Wash-in silver would be considered effective if a statistically significant reduction in bacterial count was observed at 95% confidence. Wash-in silver reduced bacterial growth at low levels of contamination but did not significantly reduce bacterial growth at levels seen during contact sport competitions. This was true for all bacterial species and all fabrics tested. The environmental and potential health risks in using a wash-in silver nanoparticle laundry additive in the wash cycle for clothing worn by wrestlers outweigh any potential infection control benefits to these athletes. We do not currently recommend adopting wash-in silver treatment as part of the laundering regimen for wrestling programs until further testing of alternate methods of silver impregnation into sports fabrics has been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reflects on the experience of my PhD in Interactive Textiles for wellbeing and intends to provide ways for other PhDs to reflect and understand their PhD beyond the data. I provide context for my research, methodology and approach; Research through Design and a Person Centred Approach. Reflecting using the Gibbs Cycle I explore the emotional work required to conduct my studies, particularly within Dementia Friendly Communities. Alongside this I explain how my background and previous experience contributed to my overall approach and identity as a researcher. My key learnings from my experience form an action plan, offering ways for future researchers to; Reflect on and manage wellbeing; Reflect as a researcher working on challenging and emotional topics; Reflect on how researcher identity can influence research approaches. In addition, this paper provides training and networking suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Textile fabrics have unique mechanical properties, which make them ideal candidates for many engineering and medical applications: They are initially flexible, nonlinearly stiffening, and ultra-anisotropic. Various studies have characterized the response of textile structures to mechanical loading; yet, our understanding of their exceptional properties and functions remains incomplete. Here we integrate biaxial testing and constitutive neural networks to automatically discover the best model and parameters to characterize warp knitted polypropylene fabrics. We use experiments from different mounting orientations, and discover interpretable anisotropic models that perform well during both training and testing. Our study shows that constitutive models for warp knitted fabrics are highly sensitive to an accurate representation of the textile microstructure, and that models with three microstructural directions outperform classical orthotropic models with only two in-plane directions. Strikingly, out of 2 14 = 16,384 possible combinations of terms, we consistently discover models with two exponential linear fourth invariant terms that inherently capture the initial flexibility of the virgin mesh and the pronounced nonlinear stiffening as the loops of the mesh tighten. We anticipate that the tools we have developed and prototyped here will generalize naturally to other textile fabrics–woven or knitted, weft knit or warp knit, polymeric or metallic–and, ultimately, will enable the robust discovery of anisotropic constitutive models for a wide variety of textile structures. Beyond discovering constitutive models, we envision to exploit automated model discovery as a novel strategy for the generative material design of wearable devices, stretchable electronics, and smart fabrics, as programmable textile metamaterials with tunable properties and functions. Our source code, data, and examples are available at https://github.com/LivingMatterLab/CANN. Textile structures are rapidly gaining popularity in many biomedical applications including tissue engineering, wound healing, and surgical repair. A precise understanding of their unique mechanical properties is critical to tailor them to their specific functions. Here we integrate mechanical testing and machine learning to automatically discover the best models for knitted polypropylene fabrics. We show that warp knitted fabrics possess a complex symmetry with three distinct microstructural directions. Along these, the behavior is dominated by an exponential linear term that characterize the initial flexibility of the virgin mesh and the nonlinear stiffening as the loops of the fabric tighten. We expect that our technology will generalize naturally to other fabrics and enable the robust discovery of complex anisotropic models for a wide variety of textile structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the dyed textiles that are recorded in Linear B tablets and explores their role within the changes that the Late Bronze Age Aegean socio-cultural and economic scenario underwent. Additionally, it addresses how Aegean elites visually conveyed cultural messages on power and identities through colours and coloured textiles. As such, this paper (i) hypothesises new associations between red-dyed textiles, the chronology of Linear B tablets from Knossos, and the socio-political and cultural development of the Late Bronze Age; (ii) contributes new insights into the cultivation of plants producing red dyes throughout the period of the Knossos tablets use; (iii) challenges the interpretation of terms referring to the red natural colour of the wool; (iv) critically reviews the interpretation of terms referring to the grey natural colour of the wool; (v) hypothesises a new interpretation of how green-dyed textiles were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This volume provides an interdisciplinary exploration of dress, textiles, furniture, and power accessories in the Aegean and ancient Near Eastern societies, examining their roles in expressing social status and identity. The introduction establishes the theoretical framework, drawing from studies on ancient material culture and identity construction. It investigates the role of these elements in social hierarchy, gender roles, and intercultural exchange by analyzing evidence from archaeological findings, iconographic representations, and textual sources. The introduction also outlines the structure of the volume and provides a summary of each contribution. Acknowledgements conclude the introduction, expressing gratitude to those who contributed to the realization of this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection / Zhongguo Xian-Jian is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection / Zhongguo Xian-Jian is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Fiber Inspection / Zhongguo Xian-Jian is the property of China Fiber Inspection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the competing sources of productivity gains observed in China's urban agglomerations focusing on three pillar industries: agro-food processing, textiles and electronics. The main results reveal that the higher aggregate productivity observed in denser Chinese cities is driven by both agglomeration and selection forces. Subsequent analysis shows that industrial support policies help to mitigate the selection penalty, but come at the expense of reducing agglomeration benefits. Complementing the city-level analysis, we estimate dynamic and distributive firm-level panel data models to explore the policy rationale of propping up inefficient firms, despite creating a less competitive environment. The micro-based results reveal that inefficient firms targeted by industrial support policies benefit from productivity spillovers in denser cities, mainly in the electronics industry, providing some policy rationale for keeping them in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura is the property of Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etruscan & Italic Studies is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nanofibers act as carriers in systems containing functional materials produced via electrospinning method. By this way, it is possible to transport functional materials with polymer nanofibers, besides having a large surface area compared to their volume, the encapsulation process, which includes complex preparation processes, is eliminated here, and functional materials such as phase‐change materials (PCMs) can be conveniently integrated directly into the carrier material by electrospinning method. The resulting nanofiber membrane can also be used in combination with textile fabrics. This study aims to develop PCM containing nanofibrous membrane coated knitted fabric structures with heat regulation capabilities. Two types of PCMs, hexadecane and octadecane loaded into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers, directly electrospun on cotton (CO), cotton/polyester (CO/PES), cotton/acrylic (CO/PAC) knitted fabrics for thermoregulation. These nanofiber‐coated fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and their comfort properties were evaluated by water vapor and air permeability tests and compared with a commercial microcapsule impregnated fabric. According to DSC results, PCM incorporated CA nanofibers had better heat storage capacity than TPU nanofibers and microcapsule applied fabrics. Although PCM‐loaded CA nanofibers may not block airflow as effectively as TPU nanofibers, when a proper coating is achieved air permeability can be decreased to 21.70 L/m2/s, along with a heat storage capacity of 26.38 J/g and still having permeability to water vapor (%40). Highlights: Phase change materials were integrated directly to the carrier material by electrospinningPCM integrated nanofiber coating reduced air permeabilityPCM integrated nanofiber coating did not block water vapor permeabilityElectrspun cellulose acetate +PCM coating had better heat storage capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the weft skew degree of knitted fabrics, the weft skew degree of knitted fabrics under different twist conditions was analyzed with single wool twist as the research object. By observing the variation law of weft skew, adjusting twist value and twisting mode of strand, the balance twist of strand was determined and the weft skew of knitted fabric was reduced. Keeping the single yarn Z-direction 630 twists/m unchanged and the strand twist S direction 380 twists/m as the reference twist, the single wool yarn plying after 60 days of relaxation was added to the reference twist to analyze the balance state of the strand under the action of twist. The results show that when the single twist is Z to 630 twists/m, the balance twist of strand is S to 125 twists/m, and the weft skew degree of knitted fabric is the smallest, and the weft skew angle is 0.48°. The balance twist of strand is affected by direct twisting and indirect twisting. The internal stress of indirect twisting is 4.46 times that of direct twisting. The balance twist of strand should be obtained by indirect twisting, and indirect twisting is not affected by the value of twist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in wearable electronics have been propelled by the rapid growth of microelectronics and Internet of Things. The proliferation of electronic devices and sensors relies heavily on power sources, predominantly batteries, with significant implications for the environment. To address this concern and to reduce carbon emissions, there is a growing emphasis on renewable energy harvesting technologies, among which textile‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (T‐TENGs) stand out as an innovative and sustainable solution due to having the interesting characteristics like large contact area, lightweight design, flexibility, comfort, scalability, and breathability. T‐TENGs can harness mechanical energy from human movement and convert it into electric energy. However, one of the challenges is low electric power output, which can be addressed by meticulous selection of material pairs with significant differences in work function and optimizing contact areas. The incorporation of carbon‐based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, emerges as a key strategy to enhance output. This review delineates recent progress in T‐TENGs incorporating carbonaceous nanofillers, comprehensively addressing fundamental classification, operational mode, structural design, working performance, and potential challenges that are hindering commercialization. By doing this, this review aims to stimulate future investigations into sustainable, high‐performance smart wearables integrated with T‐TENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fast fashion principles and mass production within globalised supply chains are pivotal in driving the economic success of the fashion industry, but they also contribute significantly to its severe environmental impacts, which must be mitigated. Digital textile microfactories are innovative small‐scale fully digitalised design and manufacturing systems that present a promising technological solution. These offer the companies that adopt them environmental and economic advantages. However, their widespread adoption in the industry may have unintended consequences. This study hypothesises a rebound effect within the industry and proposes a qualitative modelling approach based on causal loop diagrams. We present a model for identifying rebound mechanisms that may accelerate purchases, along with a mitigation strategy emphasising the consideration of customer behaviour. The contribution of this paper is twofold: Firstly, it provides a starting point for detailed quantitative studies, and secondly, it offers insights for policy‐making towards a sustainable transition in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With environmental and health issues being raised, researchers have shifted their study from fluorinated to fluorine-free waterproof agents. However, most of the reported fluorine-free water repellents exhibit a significant drawback in their poor stability and durability of water repellency. In addition, the use of higher concentrations in these repellents results in the fabric becoming stiff, which negatively impacts the hand of the treated fabrics. To address these issues, dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane prepolymers were initially synthesized using isophorone diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran, N -methyldiethanolamine, and trimethylolpropane as the primary materials. In this synthesis, sorbitan tristearate served as the dendrimer-like blocking agent, while single-ended bis-hydroxypropyl silicone oil was employed as functional monomers to enhance the hand and water repellency of the prepolymers. Then, dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane was finished on the cotton fabric using a pad–dry–cure procedure. The test results showed that the water contact angle of dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane film increased from 104.28° to 107.00° with the content of single-ended bis-hydroxypropyl silicone oil increasing, and the water contact angle of dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane-finished fabrics reached 148.6° alone with a standard spray test rating of 90–95. In addition, the water contact angle of dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane-finished fabrics was still greater than 140° even after five standard washes. The single-ended bis-hydroxypropyl silicone oil addition facilitated similar hand to the original fabric in dendrimer-like waterborne polyurethane-finished fabrics with high concentrations, surpassing market water repellents. This work is of great significance for improving the stability and durability of water repellency, and the hand of waterborne polyurethane fluorine-free water repellents in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]